The Fine-Tuning Argument as (Bad) an Argument for God
The only book I read that discusses
the fine-tuning argument is Martin Rees'
Just Six Numbers - the gist of the book is that 6 physical constants have values that make life possible with very little margin for error. Even the smallest deviation from measured values would mean a lifeless, barren universe.
I can imagine a creator (programmer) adjusting the dials of, i.e. feeding in
information into, a hypercomputer and hitting the right notes so to speak to generate a
simulation (the cosmos, our cosmos).
As for the
limits of reductionism, I'd say reductionism has a good track record e.g. protein function is well-explained by its secondary/tertiary structure which in turn is fully explicated by its primary structure and that by the properties of constituent molecules & atoms.
However, life
feels more than just a complex chemical reaction. I subscribe to some form of
emergentism which to my reckoning is the position that an additional ontological level arises from but is more than the level below it, complete with its own set of laws. What I mean is true, there's brain (bio)chemistry that follow all the laws of chemical reaction, but thinking & thoughts are a world in itself, distinct from their chemical basis, and the laws of thought are unique to that level, the level of consciousness (mind). To illustrate, a triangle is reducible to three 1D sides, but a triangle is a 2D object and as a triangle follows different rules [it can, for example, generate a rainbow (prism, Newton)] than a line.