To my understanding the most fundamental questions for doing the work of philosophy have to do with ontology, logic, taxonomy, and epistemology. The posts in this thread so far appear more goal oriented but I am more interested in means than ends; although, in a way my perspective on philosophy is that the means are the end, they define everything.

What are the most general statements that can be made about reality? What is truth? Is knowledge the possession of a justified true belief or is it something else, if it exists at all? What is the nature and source of principles of logic such as identity, non-contradiction, etc.? What are definitions and categories, and what is their utility?