It's not that we don't know the absolute frame. Any designation of one would render over 99% of the universe nonexistent since only a tiny percentage of matter exists in any particular frame. Most of it is increasing its distance from that frame at a pace considerably faster than light and thus can never ever interact with the matter reasonably stationary in the frame. The bulk of all matter is nonexistent in any given frame. So it is not a matter of us simply not knowing. There cannot be one correct answer.Imagine, if there was a God, or an "Intelligence" that knew everything, and whose knowledge is not limited by the speed of light. Would this allow the possibility of an absolute centre of the universe, or an absolute frame of reference? Could God know if one 'correct' inertial frame exists, or not? — FreeEmotion
Frames don't move, and there are not fast and slow ones. They all are references defining zero velocity, so we might for instance consider the frames in which the Earth, the moon, the ship, or the muon is stationary. None of these different frames is 'faster' than another. Yes, the Lorentz transformation is used to translate time and distance between various frames.I might also add that the Lorentz transformation is used to preserve the laws of physics when translating any event from a moving frame to a non moving or say local (your) frame. — FreeEmotion
Well, at no point does it look like any laws are being violated. The laws would be wrong if that was observed. That's how ToR came about: The laws appeared to be violated, so they knew they needed better ones. I think I see what you mean though. The muons in the atmosphere appear to violate half-life laws (under Newtonian physics) until the transformation is used to yield the actual age of the typical particle measured here near sea level.In effect, when we observe things happening in a fast - moving frame, it looks like the laws of physics are violated, but when the proper transformations are made, it all comes out right in the end. Is this more or less correct?
Yes. Those particlues (muons I think) are stationary in their own frame, and Earth is what moves fast.Take the statement
There are fast particles that get created in the upper atmosphere (60000 m up) that have a lifespan long enough for light to travel about 600 meters before decaying. Almost none should reach the ground, but a vast percentage of them do because their decay is delayed by the time dilation from moving at about 99.5% of light. They age slow enough to reach a destination well beyond their life expectancy of about 2 microseconds. They could not do this if the dilation was but an illusion.
— noAxioms
"There are fast particles that get created in the upper atmosphere (60000 m up) "
Fast as measured in our frame
No, in its own. I have a halflife of 72 years in my own frame, and an arbitrarily large one in other frames, which is why I can get to places more distant than 72 light years away."that have a lifespan long enough"
A lifespan in our frame of reference
2.2μs half life multiplied by c. In its own frame I guess, since duration is otherwise ambiguous." for light to travel about 600 meters "
in which reference frame?
Yes, only in our frame. In its own frame, it doesn't travel at all, but Earth moves and hits the particle before it dies."before decaying. Almost none should reach the ground, but a vast percentage of them do because their decay is delayed"
When measured in our FoR
No other theory competes at this time. If you want, you can interpret the data as one 'correct' inertial frame, and none of the clocks or tape measures are accurate unless stationary in that frame. In that sense, time and space dilation would be an illusion born of not having accurate measuring tools, but then we would have no tools to measure actual time and space at all, so we're not really measuring anything accurately. That's a pretty useless interpretation.Could there be any other explanation for this? I accept it as is, but just wondering.
If the forming-Sun, at the time that the ecliptic disk outspread from it — Michael Ossipoff
The disk spreads out??
— noAxioms
I find nowhere in your descriptions where material moves outward.Yes.
There is no centrifugal force pushing anything out. All matter is accelerating inward, not outward. If matter is in low orbit, energy must by supplied to put it in a higher orbit. Where does that come from?Yes, the centrifugal force experienced by material at the solar equator overcomes gravity, and the material spreads out as a disk in the plane of the forming-Sun's equator.
My bold. Yes, radius is decreasing in each description. But then you claim it increases, that the disk is spreading out, not contracting. Your descriptions are contradictory all the way. I never claimed a change in angular momentum, which seems to be what your attempting to teach me.But no, the angular momentum needn't have increased during the gravitational contraction. The pre-existing angular momentum, and the conservation of that angular-momentum, meant that, as the rotational radius decreased, thereby decreasing the forming-Sun's moment-of-intertia, the angular velocity had to increase.
No, the sun spins faster as it contracts. None of this pushes the disk out. Saturn has a nice disk, the rings. It did not emit those rings. It simply is not capable any more than the sun could produce orbiting material.No increase in angular-momentum was needed to spin-out the ecliptic disk. The decreasing overall radius of rotation, of the forming-Sun, meant that a large increase of angular-velocity was needed in order to conserve angular momentum.
Only nonrotating matter, so no.Gravity tended to form a sphere.
Absolutely not. The angular velocity cannot increase if the radius is growing.The pre-existing angular-momentum, and the reduction in moment-of-inertia, inevitably (due to conservation of angular-momentum) resulted in a great increase in angular-velocity, spinning-out the ecliptic disk along the plane of the forming-Sun's equator.
Argument from authority, as was used in the reply to Bitter Crank. I'd accept it better with a link to this "accepted explanation". He pretty much quoted from the NASA site which is about as 'now accepted' as the explanations are going to get.That's not my idea. It's the now-accepted explanation for the formation of the ecliptic disk from which the planets were formed.
Gravitational potential plus kinetic energy is what I called mechanical energy, for lack of knowing a better term. The cloud always had it (even if gravitational is negative), but some of that energy is lost to friction in the contraction process, hence the heating up of all the places where matter is clumping. That energy is lost to entropy. You have not posited the source of the energy propelling the matter in the disk to higher orbits. The sun can spin all it wants and not transfer any of that energy to the orbiting stuff.Mechanical energy (gravitational potential energy) was of course being converted to heat of contraction, so, yes, mechanical energy was being lost.
While I might agree with you that evolution does not produce true beliefs, I didn't see where Michael Ossipoff said otherwise. There was no mention of truth nor belief in his post, and evolution selecting for fitness rather than truth is a far better reason to trust one's cognitive faculties. No, I don't trust my intuitions to be truthful for this reason. That much I recognize, if that's what you mean. But recognizing the lies is more difficult than one might expect. You seem to be arguing for one of them.If your cognitive faculties are a result of evolution by natural selection and random genetic mutation you don´t have any reason to trust your cognitive faculties. For evolution "aims" to survival and not to produce true beliefs. — nixu
Resutling in a rotation free and satellite-free system of one object, perhaps large enough to be a star, or perhaps a lonely dark planet with neither year, month, nor day. I wonder what religion they'd come up with.True, but in an infinite amount of time, it occurs an infinite number of times, and that's nothing to sneeze at, cloud or no cloud. — Hanover
It is statistically almost impossible that a random group of matter happens to have zero net rotational inertial. For instance, Andromeda is coming at us, but not exactly straight at us, and impossible point target. The amount off target represents an obscene angular momentum, enough to throw a great deal of the stars away when the two combine.Whence all this spinning? — Bitter Crank
Well, I was referring to the forming-Sun, at the time of the outspreading of the ecliptic disk, as "the Sun", even if its fusion hadn't ignited.by that time. — Michael Ossipoff
The disk spreads out?? Gravity is pulling it in, not out. You seem to envision the process as something like a ball of pizza dough spreading into a disk as it is spun in the air, and thus the planets forming as bits of dough get displaced further out.If the forming-Sun, at the time that the ecliptic disk outspread from it,
Well I'm one of those, since the interpretation does away with so many problematic things only at the cost of a thing-in-itself corresponding to 'me', which isn't much of a price to a non-religious sort that I am. That which I perceive as 'me', the thing for whose benefit I draw breath, seems to be just a carrot on a stick leading me on fit paths. Yea, I still follow the carrot, but at least I'm not suckered into buying an insurance policy for it.People will go to amazing lengths to avoid this conclusion, including the 'Everett speculation'. — Wayfarer
I went on a different direction, not basing existence on epistemology. The existing thing corresponding to "Jupiter" seems to be the naive realist thing that is the object of language, whether I know what it really is or not. But the thing-in-itself that we suppose corresponds to that name seems in fact not to have the sort of observer-independent existence we imagine. There is not still something real out there.With no one experiencing it, there is still something real out there, but it unknown what it is. — Rich
I hate to butt in on a comment not directed at me, especially a comment not directly related to the reincarnation subject, but this one hit me. I, pretty much a realist-monist of sorts, agree with this assessment. Sans language that seems to render common definition that this semi-persistent state of not-really-particles makes up what we both agree is a cup, the designation has no existence.The fact that you call it 'a cup' and that it performs that function is dependent on human designation, perception and convention. If you were a micro-organism-sized intelligence that lived in the water in the cup, it might be 'the ocean', as far as you're concerned. You imagine the cup 'being there', in the cupboard, when nobody's around looking at it, but that's still an image, an imaginary act, constituted by your human mind, which classifies objects according to their shape, function and so on and situates them in the imaginary 'empty space'. There is no intrinsic cup apart from that. — Wayfarer
Trying to figure out how you got that from what I posted.So you don't believe that the ecliptic disk was formed via conservation of angular momentum, when the initial cloud contracted? — Michael Ossipoff
I acknowledged your altered definition and still find the planets not coming from it. I called the Sun a central condensing pre-star. Not ignited, but it was what has now become our sun.On another subject, I don't dispute your definition of the Sun, as beginning with fusion-ignition. Definitions can be different, but not wrong. It isn't something to argue about, wouldn't you say?
You said the sun was "the already compactly-formed sphere that's already emitting some radiation", not the ecliptic disk. If you're equating the entire disk to the sun, then any landfill is already garbage being dumped into the sun, so the probe is no different than that.The formation of the ecliptic disk wasn't a throwinlg-out of planets. The planets later formed from the ecliptic disk.
If there is a point of the beginning of the what is the sun, it would seem to be the moment of ignition. The change is quite abrupt and it isn't a star if it doesn't happen. The opinion of apparently all the other posters on this thread is that the material that makes up the vast bulk of the planets was never part of this central condensing pre-star. If the central mass had enough angular momentum to throw out the planets, our solar-system would likely have sported a binary star as so many of them do.So you're defining 'the Sun" based on fusion-reactions, rather than from the already compactly-formed sphere that's already emitting some radiation (from compression-heating).
Fine. That's an individual matter of definition. — Michael Ossipoff
Yes, I did say that.NoAxioms didn't say that. — Michael Ossipoff
The sun does emit material, so I cannot deny that there is some sun material in each planet, but since most of that blows away (especially on the inner planets), I think I can say that nobody is going to agree with your assertion that they were formed directly from the sun's material. The sun does not emit iron and oxygen for instance, and Earth is more of those than anything else.The Sun was formed from a cloud of material.
Then the planets were later formed from the Sun.
Yes, the Sun was was the immediate origin of the planets. They were formed directly from the Sun's material.
The identity of the baby is so the government can give benefits. No identity, no benefits. The kid would die in a day or two without some form of identity. The larger numeric one from the government is for government benefits instead of interpersonal benefits.Any newborns--extremely gifted newborns with the ability to read--reading this? What the authorities are saying is that you, simply by being born, are a threat to other people's safety, a threat to the stability of the state, and a threat to those who are in power. How's that for the dignity that you supposedly have by being born human? — WISDOMfromPO-MO
Incomplete I'd say. You can say that clocks run slow in frames in which they are not stationary. That's almost the same thing. Sans frame, a clock has no velocity.Let's move on to mutual time dilation. It is often said that moving clocks run slow. This may be a misleading statement, or at the least, incomplete. — FreeEmotion
Sounds good. Frames don't move since they don't have a position, but they have velocity relative to each other and I think that's what you mean.What I think it means is that when transforming measurements between moving frames, we can no longer use Galilean transformations when the relative velocity (speed?) of the frames is comparable to the speed of light. This is because of the constancy of the speed of light within each frame, no matter which frame the origin of the light.
It's quite real. Not sure what you would consider an illusion, but none of it is fake and the clocks are not being inaccurate. It really is possible to get to a place 1000 light years away and not die of old age en-route or require cryonics. But alas, my car seems to be a bit underpowered for the task.Does it mean that in inertial frames moving relative to each other, that mutual time dilation occurs? Is it just an illusion?
Then the answer provided is wrong.The question only asked how to get to base the quickest. Maybe home base has a circular magnet that slows you down as you go through it. :) Or you can shoot the alien with the fifth projectile at lower energy. — Joseph
By being distinct from all the other passers-by that did nothing. If anybody would have helped, it would just be what people do, and not notably 'good'.Let's face it, the Good Samaritan was "good" because he was able to help some guy struggling in the gutter on the other side of the road. How else could he be "good"? — Jake Tarragon
This is one of those areas where the philosophy of mind matters.The point is choice-making is programmable. That nullifies the discriminating power of human ability to choose to make the distinction free will as opposed to no free will.
That effectively makes free will an impossible concept to even think of. ''Free will'' can't be defined and is meaningless 4 ÷ 0. — TheMadFool
You seem to be under the impression that I'm asserting something. I'm just putting out a set of premises that I think works. If you disagree, tell me where my definitions run into conflict.Will is neither free nor does it have control of outcome. One can only try to make the choice. There are all manner of constraints and influences that affect outcomes. One can only attempt to move in a particular direction. Two football lineman exhibit this type of tug-of-war.
Insofar as responsibility is concerned, that is a issue of human condition. Since outcomes are unpredictable, responsibility is purely subjective which is why we have courts to adjudicate. — Rich
Again, you are describing human will. I have no way of applying that elsewhere. If humans are special, then that's a premise, and you have to tell me why. If they're not, then the introspection is useless in determining what else has will.Will is a feeling that the body generates. That is how we know it and observe it. Sometimes its effects can be observed by others as one exerts themselves. It is strange that feelings are made subservient to words or other symbols. Will is directly experienced. — Rich
Only if you use inconsistent definitions. If going to line 10 is the right thing to do in this case, and there is no inhibition to the PC going there (such as there is no line 10), then this is an example of free will in my view.If x > 1 then 4/x else goto line 10
If choice is programmable then free will becomes nonsense. — TheMadFool
Not really asking how it makes you feel. That road leads to solipsism since even I don't have choice since I don't make you feel that way when I pick vanilla. You can presume I have similar feelings, but there is no way to apply the rule to anything nonhuman. I want a definition of will, not of human will.I feel will as a force being generated from within me which creates the impetus to move in a particular direction, together fulfilling the choice. It can be imagined as a directed wave. — Rich
In two worlds with the only difference being the butterfly flap or not, the weather in these two worlds after some months will bear no resemblance to each other (except for that storm in 430 days). One butterfly does not constitute a difference. Two do. 'Changes' is not part of it.The butterfly flapping its tiny wings represents the small changes in weather variables. — TheMadFool
Unless the butterfly is outside the light cone of some event, or in Schrodinger's box (yes, these exist but not ones that hold a butterfly), the butterfly affects that event. But many dynamic systems are not chaotic. Some small meteor slated to hit Earth in 2 years is going to do that no matter what the butterfly or the weather is like. The Earth's rotational orientation will not be significantly different in a century.It doesn't mean that a butterfly can actually affect the weather.
No, I may set the threshold but don't actually tell the thermostat when to turn on the heat. I simply design the thing to make its own choice based on a comparison between the temperature and the setting . I arrange it so it is capable of making that choice, but if the choice is mine, I would have no need of the thermostat, and there would just be a manual toggle on the wall.A machine doesn't make choices. The choices are made by the human that programs the machine. Just like a hammer doesn't make choices. The choices are being made by the human that is using it. Similarly, a piano don't make choices. The pianist is making the choices. Tools used by humans are not human. — Rich
Excellent way to approach it.Well, I'm working at this problem indirectly. Free will is central to morality, which in turn, necessitates the choice to do good rather than bad. — TheMadFool
You have not stated your premises for this assertion, but I'm guessing a dualistic set of premises, in which case you're right.Computers don't make choices. They are programmed by humans who do make choices when writing the programs. — Rich
Much better. The difference has no lower limit of triviality. One atom doing a radioactive decay or not is such a difference. The butterfly is an example, not just a metaphor.I think I understand now. Small differences in initial states have vastly different outcomes. For example, the temperature may differ by 0.000007 degrees but this tiny difference can mean the difference between fair weather and storms. The butterfly is simply a metaphor for this small difference in a variable. — TheMadFool
The weather will change, and there is no way, lack of eye blink included, to prevent that. So no, I don't agree with that statement.I see. So, you do agree that a blink of an eye can cause weather changes. — TheMadFool
Sustainability for one. Going for greater happiness is a lower priority than something that can last.What would distinguish this practical utopia from modern society? — Reformed Nihilist
An eye blink is a small difference from a not-blink. That difference (there is no change here) amplifies. and in the two divergent paths, the weather is totally different in a matter of months, and a different list of people have died from accidents. Accidental death is quite chaotic, but slow death not so much.But you said small changes can magnify as the causal chain moves forward in time. Isn't an eye-blink a small change? Can you absolutely rule out the possibility that it won't magnify its effects down the causal web? — TheMadFool
Wouldn't be fate if you could.So, can I change the fate of the universe by blinking my eye? — TheMadFool
Superstition would assert that the magic words get to choose the desired weather. Butterfly effect helps you not at all on that account. You are indeed wielding the tool incorrectly.Also, the Butterfly Effect is a scientific theory. I just want to explore its logical implications, one of which seems to allow for superstitions to be true. — TheMadFool
Those things have more effect on the rotation of Earth (nonchaotic and more predictable) and not so much the orbit, and all of them are negligible compared to tides. Not sure what you mean by polar shifts. Magnetic or physical? There's clear evidence only for the former.While the escape velocity is unlikely, the subject has been of some interest since the Newtonian 'wobble' effect along the axis caused by possible changes to the internal motions of the crust relative to earth' spin from events like earthquakes, environmental depletion and even nuclear testing that all impacts on polar shifts. — TimeLine
Orbital resonance is a gravitational interaction, and only a close passing object would alter the moon orbit more than (again) the tides. The moon is slated to eventually collide with Earth, but that is not a chaotic event. They can predict the time pretty accurately, and it turns out to be moot. The sun will swallow both first.If you think of something like orbital resonance, gravitational interactions and any possible deceleration of earth there could possibly bump us into a higher or lower orbit, or at the very least would have some lunar impact that would devastate the internal planetary dynamics.
