• Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    There is no winning option on the right. The culture will continue to change in the direction it always has. Like I said above, there are two options: progress, or slower progress.Kev
    Could you clarify what does 'progress' mean you?
    Probably, your basic premises are the existence of stable 'right' and 'left', that the primary mode of power is the totalizing domination of prevailing public opinion, and the culture has its traditional role in the symbolic order reproduction. (Please correct me if I misunderstood you). On the contrary, I think that we deal with the situation where 'progress' not just causes the intensification of power, but also constantly
    reconfigures political and cultural fields, changes the function of institutions, creates new tensions and modes of power, and pushes
    the society away from the state of equilibrium. It is impossible to single out just one dominating tendency.

    Generally, you are right. Yet, in the UK and the US there is no complete political consensus.
    — Number2018

    There isn't? What about on issues of the past?
    Kev
    You can look at Boris Johnson defence of Winston Churchill statues or the last Trump’s speech Mount Rushmore speech, he made his 'defence' of American heritage (and Mount Rushmore monuments) one of the main messages of his campaign.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?

    This has always been the case. Things either progress, or progress slowly; those are the options. Specific policies are irrelevant, the general constitution of the power structure is what progresses. .Kev
    What do you mean by "Specific policies are irrelevant, the general constitution of the power structure is what progresses"?
    Public opinion becomes more and more powerful, and more and more people try to get ahead of it for their own little piece of power. And there is no cost to the public that can be directly linked to having the wrong opinion, so there is no self-correction.Kev

    Generally, you are right. Yet, in the UK and the US there is no complete political consensus. Still.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    There is no winning option on the right. The culture will continue to change in the direction it always hasKev

    May be. In today's political environment, predictions do not matter. What matters is the instant alignment of active forces. To articulate the most powerful and clear message, to control the current agenda - right now.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    I think we’re past the culture wars. One side didn’t show up. Thus most institutions lean in a certain direction. Nowadays it’s closer to a cultural revolution than war.NOS4A2

    Good point!
    It is possible to frame the current situation differently.
    The war is not for culture, though. It's for power. One side doesn't want it, they just want to stop the power grab. They're too concerned with culture, because "politics is downstream of culture." Well, that depends on the power structure.Kev

    The culture, the culture war is just one dimension of the unfolding conflict. There are a few active agents,
    parties, or institutions that shape and articulate its meaning. May be, in general, they do not care about culture at all. But in this particular moment, some significant symbols can acquire the primary importance. A while ago, Trump probably was not interested in culture or history. Nevertheless, after the Mount Rushmore speech, he can make his 'defence' of American heritage (and Mount Rushmore monuments) the main message of his campaign. Therefore, the culture war may escalate.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    I think the “right” “Silicon Valley Libertarian” does the top pattern with regards to norms and the bottom pattern, to a lesser extent, with an elitist lean, with regards to facts.

    Meanwhile the “left” “Social Justice Warrior” does the top pattern with regards to facts and the bottom pattern, to a lesser extent, with a populist lean, with regards to norms.
    Pfhorrest

    I appreciate this level of formalization. Let say that one accepts your proposition about the philosophical foundations of being ‘right’ and being ‘left.’ Yet, how can you demonstrate that this divergence is the cause of the real culture war? People can peacefully agree or disagree on different philosophical principles, but the same people could irreconcilably wage the culture war.
    There could be ‘irrational,’ unarticulated actual reasons.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    I was hoping this thread would be more on the culture war between what I'd colloquially term the "Silicon Valley Libertarian" and the "Social Justice Warrior" stereotypes, reckoned "right" and "left" respectively, though inaccurately.Pfhorrest
    Do you think that these two groups of stereotypes and their supporters do initiate the current cultural conflict? If not, we need to find the divisive imperative. It is not clear if it is possible to single out the primary determinant. Can the ongoing debate about racial inequality function in such a manner? Does it leave room for neutrality or reticence in American society? Do people have to choose between opposite views on American history, the symbolic significance of the familiar cultural landscape, the acceptable limits of violence during protests, the legitimacy of certain political discourses, etc.? If yes, there is Hunter's culture war situation: " The actual diversity of attitude, opinion, and belief in the general population is not reflected in the kind of artificially polarized rhetoric of the special purpose groups … Plurality is reduced to duality; polyphony is quickly reduced to a crude, hackneyed, and discordant diaphone."
    both sides are philosophically wrong in one way about factual matters and philosophically wrong in the opposite way about normative matters,Pfhorrest
    From what philosophical position can you articulate your judgement?
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?

    Your points make sense: 1)Trump 2)elections 3)pandemic 4)economic depression 5)populism
    I would add a few more, but even this combination is explosive enough.

    what better time to pull down a statue of George Washington and set in on fire.ssu
    But likely it will be even worse. If you think this is the low point, you will be surprised how more low and stupid it can get.ssu
    Don't you think that pulling down statues of Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln would perfectly fit
    to the situation of a culture war? And, there would be the division of people into the two camps:
    in favor of and against. Still, it is not clear how pulling down these statues is caused by the above combination.
    You could add burning the American flag and destroying other symbols of the US -
    will the union survive after all?
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    Culture wars is a trap that we have fallen in for.ssu

    I agree. This is just one of possible ways to frame our situation. How would you define the unfolding
    event in the US? Yet, one could try to apply Hunter's definition of 'culture war': there are a few current developments, verifying his perspective.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    If you'd like to know where to start, read your Chomsky.fishfry
    I read Chomsky a while ago. Please correct me if I misunderstand or misinterpreted him.
    According to Chomsky, the interests of the ruling elite are masked by a particular ideology.
    The concept of ideology presupposes a specific frame of reference: there is 'real world,' distorted
    and falsified by the ideological system of inaccurate representations. This conceptual scheme was criticized by Althusser, who pointed out that ideology should be reformulated as the system, maintaining a necessarily imaginary relation of an individual to the 'real' world. Let say that I accept your evaluation of the current situation in the US, and I consider your examples as 100% real facts. (Actually, I could bring my own examples, supporting your perspective). But, in our environment, it does not matter anymore. Anyone can object to our sources of information and bring different ones, supporting their own narratives. Further, we will inevitably become a kind of marginal, isolated group. Our sources of information cannot compete with the dominant mainstream media platforms: they determine the current agenda and maintain the prevailing public opinion. When the media start supporting a different narrative, the current one can become irrelevant and eventually forgotten.
    Who remembers now judge Kavanaugh's nomination? The media could represent him guilty, and at that moment, so many people hysterically supported this narrative. Let me come back to https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/6106/fake-news/p1
    "Definitional question. In 2002 the NYT ran stories by Judith Miller alleging that Saddam Hussein was acquiring yellowcake uranium and aluminum tubes for the construction of WMDs Those articles, appearing as they did day after day after day in the Paper of Record (TM), helped turn the tide of public opinion in favor of invading Iraq, and gave cover to politicians (Hillary and Joe Biden to name two) to vote for Bush's war despite millions of liberals (who used to be against war, way back in the day) marching in the streets against it. That was by the way the last time we saw anything from the anti-war movement in this country. Something that troubles me."
    You made perfect points here. Nevertheless, once again, what the NYT did in 2002 is wholly forgotten today. Chomsky's conceptual framework cannot be applied to analyze the current crisis. Its fundamental flaw is the assumption that we deal with the 'real' world. Yet, we firstly deal with the medium, producing various effects (fake news).
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    It has happened before but revolutions do not come out as those who fight them hope because they go into them to destroy the existing power and do not have a plan for destroying power, so when the fighting is over, those who understand power take over, and at first people are glad for their leadership, then they realize it is not the leadership they want.Athena

    It is a good point! I just want to add that the successful destroying of certain 'old' forms of power would be impossible without their simultaneous replacement with 'new' powers. Otherwise, it is not
    about revolution, it is just a chaotic riot without any consequences: the 'old' organizations of power would reproduce themselves automatically.
    The American revolution began as an intellectual revolution and that needs to be repeated to get a good outcome to a revolution.Athena

    Do you understand the current situation in the US as the beginning of the next revolution?
    Any 'successful' revolution was led by an organized group that could articulate a clear ideological agenda and establish new forms of power and societal life. Do we deal with a similar situation now?
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    Chomsky supports BLM.[/quote
    I could not imagine that Chomsky is relevant to understand what is going on in the US
    right now. May be, we should go back to Althusser and even to earlier leftist theorists?
    EricH
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    Black Lives Matter, the organization, takes in huge amounts of money in contributions from corporations.fishfry

    Does it mean that corporations have the complete control over the current agenda and what can happen next? Likely, yes. But you cannot be completely sure.
    All of a sudden the New York Times wants to destroy Mt. Rushmore? Where'd that come from?fishfry

    I do not know. Do you mean that all this was planned a long ago?
    Powerful interests are funding the "spontaneous" protests.fishfry

    There were a few accounts that the "spontaneous" protests were completely organized.
    Yet, there are no proofs, and since 'the public opinion' is entirely shaped by the media, it actually does not matter. What matters is how the media forms the current agenda.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    Isn't this obvious?Banno

    It is not obvious at all. Look around you, and you will find it. There are a lot of ways to frame the ongoing events in the US.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    Yes, and the rich and powerful are winning. They always win. :sad:praxis

    Is that so simple? May be, this time 'a culture war' is different and rich and powerful will
    lose if the events will be out of their control.
  • Is there a culture war in the US right now?
    There's nothing grass roots about what's going on. It's top-down.fishfry

    Could you expand, please. I did not understand you.
  • Systemic racism in the US: Why is it happening and what can be done?
    nobody can predict the future. But any systemic solution to the systemic problems would have to involve some kind economic rearrangement and redistribution... intensification of political correctness is just more cosmetics that don't go to the heart of the problem. And I just don't see them voluntarily going against their (economic) interest.ChatteringMonkey
    I agree with you. There are different attempts to frame the current protest. One of them is that we indeed deal with a revolutionary situation that could lead to the fundamental systemic changes. In contrast to this narrative, the establishment has tried to be ahead of the events so far. It provides the protests with the media and the public opinion’ support. Yet, a few revolutions, followed by the drastic systemic changes, started from the elitist upheaval. The ongoing event can acquire its own dynamics and get out of any possible control.
  • Systemic racism in the US: Why is it happening and what can be done?
    only real threats to that system will prompt a real reaction.ChatteringMonkey
    So far, it is too early to make any predictions. Some people noted that one of the tangible results of the ongoing protests is the intensification of political correctness. All in all, it could function
    as an efficient vehicle of symbolic violence. As a result, the establishment may successfully manipulate the public opinion and suppress any serious discussion and critical discourse necessary for resolving systemic problems.
  • Systemic racism in the US: Why is it happening and what can be done?
    When the media focus and our focus is turned somewhere else and when in a few years similar issues rise again.ssu

    I agree with you.
    Changing a whole legal system is a daunting task. Doing something about systemic inequality is another.ssu

    It's not about the meaning of the protests, it's just what happens afterwards.ssu
    So what do you think of the current situation? Will be there the significant improvement of the systemic problems? What could make the current protest unique is the broad support of the mainstream media, the considerable part of the political elite, and big corporations. I do not remember any similar cases in the recent history. You can compare it with Hon-Kong. Or, the Yellow Vests Movement in France was brutally crushed by the government, completely backed by the media and the political establishment. The question is if the media and the elite intent to deal with
    the problems, or 'they will turn their focus somewhere else'.
    Yes, the OWS was cleared away in the middle of the night in November without any media present in a coordinated operation and then it disappeared after 2012. You can argue that it was different. Well there were similarities...ssu

    As far as I know, OWS's message was 'we are 99%'. That meant that they tried to establish
    a kind of the alternative democratic community, able to involve the whole society. What is the message of the current protest? What is the implicit meaning of 'Defund the Police'? Does it
    intent to demolish the existing institutions?
  • Systemic racism in the US: Why is it happening and what can be done?
    you might learn something from the past before thinking that this now everything is so totally differentssu
    What exactly can we learn from the past to understand the meaning of the current protest?
    We cannot rely on 1789, 1917, or 1968 events to acquire some reference for a better understanding. Even the Occupy movement of 2011 was completely different.
  • Systemic racism in the US: Why is it happening and what can be done?
    Perhaps more organized force is required for enduring change on the level rightly desired by the movement.fdrake

    How many years of merely symbolic protest must be endured? All it creates is minor collateral damage, leaving the conscience of every oppressor fundamentally unswayed.fdrake
    It is possible to radicalize your position as not sufficiently left.
    Most of the existing political forces, leaders, big corporations, and the media have embraced the notion of systemic racism. Likely, they are not going to bring the necessary change in the American state. And, they won’t tolerate the emergence of the independent political force.
  • Seattle’s Autonomous Zone
    I think we all know there's a difference between people who live on social media 24/7 and those who prefer to talk to others in person or read a newspaper or books.Outlander
    You are right. Yet, even ‘those who prefer to talk to others in person or read a newspaper or books’ would inevitably feel the pressure of the new styles of writing, reading, communicating, and socializing. Individuals that cannot or do not want to adapt themselves could be ostracized
    and isolated.
    You get to see the judgements, views, and opinions of billions of people you don't know and may not ever. What does that do for the concerned reader?Outlander
    I will continue my line of argumentation: let say that 'the concerned reader' stays away from being actively engaged in social media. However, social media is not just one more medium of communication. The social has been moved to the cyberspace. This transformation has reshaped our society's social fabric: it affects how we see each other, ourselves, and our world. Regarding 'the concerned reader,' somebody said that there are no readers anymore, there are just users.
    I've always found it odd how on Trump's twitter posts even the top comments rarely ever have more than a few thousand retweets. And only a few replies down you have very few comments and discussions.Outlander
    Trump is the innovator and front runner of social media. He expresses the instantaneous reactions and judgments of the mass of his base. They are not supposed to discuss and reflect - they enjoy a sense of community and membership. Further, there is no time for discussions: the mass should catch up with the speed of the media evens. Their production presupposes the specific regime of truth and relation to social reality – ‘fake news.’
    Do you count the early days of YouTube as 'social media' or would you say that's reserved for the social network/microblogging explosion?Outlander
    I think that YouTube is the one more platform of social media. One can communicate and express a variety of things, but there is also a selection and competition created by the mass of users. It also functions like the production of eco-chambers.
    All in all, social media is not about good or bad. Probably, they become one of the primary vehicles of reciprocal processes of individualization and socialization. It is not clear if they also function as a new way of social control.
  • Seattle’s Autonomous Zone
    Social media has redefined any definition of media. We see something good, bad, or sad, we can share it. In an instant. It truly is the people's house.Outlander
    It is precisely the point that I want to discuss again. We can instantaneously share our judgments, moral views, perspectives, emotions, feelings, and perceptions due to social media. The inner dimensions of our individual existence are momentarily transmitted to the most encompassing level of global social networking. Our continuous engagement animates the dynamic of individualization processes and compensates for the progressive loosening of the traditional social fabric. Social media creates a space where the wide-ragingly social resonates with the intensively individual.
  • Seattle’s Autonomous Zone
    I don't think you or I can ever name a period in history where society wasn't rapidly changing.Outlander
    I can't entirely agree. Speed and acceleration have been increasing compared to the Middle Ages when the whole generations did not experience (subjectively) any changes.
    Social media has redefined any definition of media. We see something good, bad, or sad, we can share it. In an instant. It truly is the people's house.Outlander
    It is right. But what are the changes? Probably, the content has become more instantaneous, turbulent, momentarily, and affective, carrying with it much less formalized, rational, and founded on knowledge meaning.
    Most media sources, large corporate ones or personal channels tend to lean toward one political persuasion or the other. It's more or less balancedOutlander
    I see it differently. As far as I know, in most western countries the dominating media platforms manifest
    the coordination in their approach to critical current issues: climate change, gender politics, human rights, etc.
    (I think that the US situation with Fox News vs. the rest of the media is exceptional, I am not sure about the UK and Australia). Moreover, often, the content of a particular political view is almost not relevant. The media can momentarily create a powerful image/message and drop it at any time. Now, who remembers the Russian Collusion, the impeachment of Trump, or even the Covid-19 pandemics?
    A political leader (Trump, Biden, Trudeau, etc.) can run an entirely different campaign in four years. As if he is not the same politician.
    Our historical memory has been contracted and compressed. We live in the intensive and rapidly changing today's media environment.
    I think each majority political view has its problems, rather extremes that can lead to bad outcomes. And some simply view one as 'more restrictive' or 'less wholesome'. It's a delicately balanced yin and yang I suppose.Outlander

    It is correct regarding the rational content of political views. However, ideological programs have lost their priority to the intensive dynamics of the media events. At the same time, social media amplify and intensify immediate interactive processes of the mass media.
  • Theories of Violence
    You seem to delve into some aspects of violence in certain settings and that's alright by me. What would be interesting is a theory that explains the cause of violent actions.TheMadFool
    You could read Weibel's essay mentioned in OP of this thread.
  • Theories of Violence
    Do you mind expanding on the underlined bit?TheMadFool

    Agamben, in "Homo Safer", has developed a theory of sovereign power based on dialectics of
    inclusion/exclusion. Starting from ancient Rome, juridical subjects were included in the judicial order
    while a sovereign kept the ultimate right over excluded 'bare life'. Later, this mode of power was realized within the Nazi concentrated camps. Agamben asserts that today power is realized through
    bio - politics, the control over life in various situations.
    For Deleuze and Guattari, the Nazi regime was primarily produced by the investments of the collective subconscious desire, beyond ideology or political programs. Therefore, violent and coercive modes of power become effects of more fundamental processes.
  • Theories of Violence
    I think we're going off topic. But it's a very tough subject that can't be avoided in a thread about violence.David Mo
    Can you formulate a theory of violence, one that explains the origin of, perpetuation of, and end to, violence with duality?TheMadFool
    Yes. All in all, violence (negatively understood) is not determined through theories and definitions.
    It is about the set of political decisions and social practices, approved by a broad communal support. In Germany, there was not public consensus of Final Solution, since it was never publicly discussed there. Yet, the majority of population approved the complex of gradual steps, depriving
    jews of their civil and political rights. For most Germans it was quite natural. Agamben as well as Deleuze and Guattari tried to explain how it was possible.
  • Seattle’s Autonomous Zone
    From what I’ve seen it’s pretty vacuous in terms of politics. It reminds me of the Occupy protests.NOS4A2
    There are important differences comparing with the Occupy protests of 2011. I think that the media coverage as well as the general public support has changed.
  • Seattle’s Autonomous Zone
    Probably. But to air on the side of safety. For many folk when it comes to things that don't immediately and blatantly affect them, "things don't matter until they do."

    Basically, they do. Some are just less relevant than others. That is to say can exist without major coverage.
    31 minutes ago
    Outlander

    You are right. I need to re-formulate my question again. Yet, don't you think that we leave in time
    of accelerating social changes? These changes are critically dependent on the simultaneous and intensive media coverage of a certain set of selected facts, producing the platform for the construction of public opinion and important political decisions. So, even some people can ignore
    the media coverage, they will be eventually effected by it.
  • Seattle’s Autonomous Zone
    Thank you, I fixed it.
  • Theories of Violence
    The problem of ‘how can power be desired?’, (‘how can the subjugated group support domination?’) has allowed to develop the conceptual framework, explaining fascism as well as the contemporary capitalist production of our subjectivities.
    — Number2018

    Sure. It's popularly known as the carrot and stick policy. If the carrot doesn't work to get the donkey to walk, the stick is used. The problem is that at the end you don't know if people are because of the carrot or because they are afraid of the stick. Within human psychology there is a reluctance to recognize that if you do something it is because you are a coward. Then you become a fanatic of the tyrant and hate those who draw attention to your cowardice and immorality. This is a classic of all cultures and submissions.
    The coward who is caught hitting the weakest one with the herd, instead of stopping, he will intensify the blows to show that he does it this way because he is very macho.
    David Mo

    It is correct in general. But it does not explain how fascism was possible. Beyond ideology, the certain leadership, the economic, political, and social crisis, the masses wanted fascism
    and desired their own repression. Therefore, in the end, the masses are responsible for the crimes of the Nazi regime.
  • Does systemic racism exist in the US?
    What Trump needs to do is double down on his MAGA platform, and he will. There will be zero Trump supporters who will change their vote due to what you see as a major change in ideology.Hanover

    We will see. So far, we witness the complete pause. Trump, as well as GOP leaders are completely
    silent for 9 days. Therefore, it is possible to assume that they are busy with rewriting of their regular
    rhetorics. However, most likely, you are right again: rhetorics, as well as ideological platforms
    are not important today.
  • Does systemic racism exist in the US?
    No predictions are really clear. It's all speculation, but I really can't see middle America finding anything acceptable about defunding the police. In fact, there is tremendous support for the police nationwide. It's just been silenced for the moment. I don't even think the African American leadership is totally comfortable with these attacks on police departments. Most big cities are Democratically controlled, meaning the mayors and police chiefs are typically Democrats and oftentimes minority. I'm not fully convinced that even inner city minority citizens want to see police withdrawal from their communities, as I've heard their complaints in the past were that it took too long in their communities for the police to arrive, if at all.Hanover
    The domination of systemic racism
    discourse makes Tramp's "Make America Great Again" rhetorics meaningless, so his campaign has to invent the different rhetorics asap.
  • Does systemic racism exist in the US?
    but what do we see as the predicted outcome of the current awakening to racial inequities? Is it that people will do as you suggest and throw their very being into its elimination, or will they march while the marches take place and then go back to business as usual, or will they hold their breath until all this passes, or will they recommit to protecting the institution that they never thought racist in the first place?

    My prediction is that they will not do as you think they should, but that it will likely be one of the other approaches
    Hanover
    You mentioned four possible future outcomes, and you rejected the first one as least probable, because
    Leaving aside the question of how bad and systemic the problem truly is, unless you are the one oppressed, it is unlikely you will spend the time trying to resolve the problem, whatever it is.Hanover
    Your first option may become much more probable if the momentum of the movement
    “defund the police” can accelerate and bring the crash of the police as well as various affiliated
    institutions. Likely, the whole movement is not just about the elimination of racial inequalities.
    When we look at Seattle Autonomous Zone, it is difficult to imagine that we witness the radical
    rupture, the “break with causality,” and the beginning of the revolution. So, all in all, you are right in your predictions. What will be the tangible broad social outcome of the current civil unrest? Will it break the framing of the one more large-scale media event? So far, as you mentioned, there is just one apparent result: the intensifying of political correctness. It is not clear if another decisive result will be Trump’s re-election. The domination of systemic racism
    discourse makes Tramp's "Make America Great Again" rhetorics meaningless, so his campaign has to invent different one asap.
  • Arendt and Butler On Political Action and Subjectivity
    If the people are constituted through a complex interplay of performance, image, acoustics, and the various technologies engaged in those productions, then “media” is not just reporting who the people claim to be, but media has entered to the very definition of the people.Number2018

    Baudrillard's perspective supports the thesis that the media is the function of power, and its primary purpose is to maintain the status quo. Dayan and Katz in the
    book "Media Events" continued this line of argumentation.
    Large-scale' media events' are formatted to make sure that they meet our
    preconceived expectations of our roles and the roles of the media.
    Spectacular and high-exposure media events serve a ritualistic role in helping to define mediated cultures. For example, the Olympics, political assassinations, terrorist events, and royal weddings are identified as significant enough to make the watching
    and reading of the event a significant cultural artifact in itself. Such events can
    be understood as cultural rituals whose representation in the media carries a message about how we should understand ourselves. Each ritual requires a particular mode
    of representation and interpretation, which in turn creates a shared identity for our community. For instance, the glorification of national athletes at the Olympic games
    is exactly what reminding us of our national identity and re-creates our nationalism.
    According to Dayan and Katz, in a mass-mediated world, the very ritual of
    consuming the media becomes a form of social integration. Dayan and Katz published their book in 1994. Then, there were tremendous changes due to the advent of the open digital space and social media networks. The media has intensively reported the critical events of the ongoing civil unrest, starting from George Floyd's death up to his funeral. It does not look like the media coverage has promoted the maintenance of dominant societal identities, while rendering any alternatives as deviant, or even seditious. It is possible to assume that the media's primary controlling function has shifted from the support of a set of identities or particular narratives to the consuming of media-products. Therefore, it becomes understandable how the media can transcend and transform any possible struggle, any potential or actual conflict, how it covers the entire field of all unfolding events, and why the particular content of any event becomes less important.
  • Theories of Violence
    It is the matter of the state of things.
    — Number2018
    Don't you think that this is actually part of the problem?
    Heiko
    Yes, I think so. If you read Weibel’s essay, mentioned in OP, you could find that there is the evolution of perspectives on violence, starting from Benjamin and Schmitt to Derrida and Agamben. The simple view on violence considers it as the direct and primary device of the state’s domination. On the contrary, their thought is based on the assumption of the negation of the negation. The primary domain of violence has gradually become hidden and indiscernible. Thus, for Agamben, the dialectics of inclusion/exclusion leads to conclude that “human life…included in the juridical order solely in the form of its exclusion (that is, of its capacity to be killed)” (Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer).
    Agamben goes as far as to propose that fascist concentration camps constitute the
    paradigmatic model for the contemporary political body. Yet, for sure, the Nazi concentration camp doesn’t comprise a privileged figure of reflection on violence. Nowadays, totalization or ham-fisted determination is not a result of centralized, discernible, and coercive modes of power. Even fascism, the most violent political regime, should be explained as an effect of founding productive processes. For Deleuze and Guattari, beyond ideology or repression, there is the more fundamental level of power that should be conceptualized in terms of desire: “the masses, at a certain point and under a certain set of conditions, wanted fascism, and it is this perversion of the desire of the masses that need to be accounted for.” The problem of ‘how can power be desired?’, (‘how can the subjugated group support domination?’) has allowed to develop the conceptual framework, explaining fascism as well as the contemporary capitalist production of our subjectivities. Our lives are not shaped by the model of bare life that submits to sovereign power. They are constituted by capital's grasp on our psyches, in particular through the control which it exercises over the media, advertising, opinion polls, the flow of deformable and transformable coded figures.
  • Does systemic racism exist in the US?

    Systemic racism obtains when a system(s) function (regardless of explicit rules) to favour certain racial groups over others. It doesn't require overt individual racists (though it may protect and even reward them) nor does it necessarily require any conscious acts of racism at all (and obversely you could have conscious acts of racism in a system where no systemic racism exists, only rather than being performative of the system, they would be antithetical to it). Systems are culturally contextual, they're embedded in cultures and how they function depends on their relationship to the culture they're in. So, often it's what the system allows rather than what the system demands that's important.Baden

    I am perplexed by the point of unconscious engagement in ‘systemic racism.’ Many people do not publicly exhibit or privately express any recognizable features of racist behavior or racist beliefs and consider themselves non-racist, tolerant, and multicultural. They do not perform any conscious acts of racism. Yet, some of them are regularly involved in professional activities that could be qualified as maintaining systemic racism according to the above definition (cops, journalists, politicians, etc.) Therefore, individuals may exercise acts of systemic racism unbeknownst to themselves, or even contrary to their intentions, if alignments of power or culture subtly orient their actions. Consequently, despite their personal views and qualities, these people may be called racists or systemic racists. Please correct me if I misunderstood or misinterpreted the quote.
  • Theories of Violence
    It is not a matter of enthusiasm. It is the matter of the state of things.
  • Theories of Violence
    Where exactly would the difference between the "positive" picture and the defining negatives be when we are talking about conscious processes? You can not think a "citizen" without a "state", but behaving like a citizen where there is no state might be possible. That is for the negation of the negation. But when we are talking about the "state" symbol there is the notion of "souvereignity" and we know the authority, although it is referred as a symbol and (hopefully or not) never realized.Heiko
    Thank you for the excellent point! Indeed, we could think that there is no violence when one behaves as a good citizen in the absence of the apparent state's exercise of coercive or violent ways of power. For Deleuze and Guattari, there is no citizen (or subject) before the synthesis of the unconscious. There is not a conscious I that produces, but a process of production of which the I is a kind of product. The aim of psychoanalysis is to aid the repression of the drives and strengthen the ego's adaptation to reality.
    On the contrary, according to Anti-Oedipus, such a 'reality' has no ontological status: it is merely an effect of oedipalized consciousness. The signifying structures that shape thought and an ordinary consciousness of an oedipal, average, or standard 'citizen' are effectively produced by machinic processes in society. This production is not directly violent. Yet, it effectively blocks and averts the development of alternate subjectivities and ways of thinking.
  • Theories of Violence
    I would like to return to your apprehension of symbolic violence:

    Symbolic violence.
    The negative prejudices and stereotypes that are reproduced by institutions are a central factor in institutional violence and a trigger for personal violence.

    Symbolic violence encourages the adoption of discriminatory or coercive positions in ideology, economics, gender relations, destruction of nature, etc. It is based on an extensive network of values assimilated from childhood and then reinforced by society's legal norms to inculcate in us an oppressive culture because it is uncritical and prepares us for passive and/or active submission to unfair structures. For example, public stereotypes about the immigrant or atheist can support the passivity of authorities in the face of labour exploitation or a legislation or practice that prevents access to public office based on religious beliefs.
    David Mo

    I think that you presented correct, but narrow and reduced conception of symbolic violence.
    Baurdieu concieved it as the way to impose not just a set of discriminatory or coersive positions.
    It is the set of practises, aimed to make one to accept a certain worldview, together with the set of presupposed values and beliefs. Symbolic violence does not necessarily works negatively. Individuals accept and absorb the norms, structures, and hierarchies of the social settings through the engagement in complex of non-violent and non-ideological dispositions.
  • Theories of Violence
    You give a soft idea of Foucault. As if he authorizes all means of domination that are not directly violent. I remind you that on discipline and punishment he wrote more than one book and on "pastoral power" he made a very harsh criticism in volume I of the History of Sexuality. For example: Under the pretext of ensuring the salvation of the sheep, the shepherd builds a subtle device of power, capable of unfolding even over the intimate solitude of the believer and leading him towards a new form of widespread servitude.David Mo
    I do not think that Foucault's aim was to authorize the means of domination.It looks like his intention was to make them discernible. He attacked the dominating academic framework, pointing out tohidden and ubiquitous forms of power. These strategies were much more subversive and effective than the direct and apparent criticism.

    simply forcing every teenager to stay locked up for several hours a day listening to uninteresting talk is violence. Even more so when he can be qualified as "unfit" or "very deficient" -or similar.David Mo

    You are right. Yet, I think that Foucault's view of discipline allows to consider seemingly non-violent
    methods of control - when a teenager finds a talk interesting or she is qualified as a good or a gifted
    student as ways of exercising power.

    You give a soft idea of Foucault.David Mo

    Starting from 'History of Madness' we see the evolution of Foucault's perspective on power:
    it becomes lighter, more ubiquitous, less attached to 'negative' objects or practices (directly
    violent and coercive), and more saturated within wide domains of social practice.

    You don't need to be very patient to see the state go berserk. We get images every day.David Mo

    I would like to pay your attention to the word IMAGES. I do not deny the presence of different forms
    violence in the contemporary society. I just want to prioritize. What kind of violence is prevaling?
    When the mass media shows a series of particular images for 24/7, so that a specific narrative and agenda should become dominating, one could consider symbolic violence as the leading one.