Sure, less complex organisms evolve at a faster rate. In fact, the rate of evolution is really controlled by two (main) factors:
1. How fast new generations come along:
Of course, the more generations and the more mutations; the more that evolution is occurring. This explains why insects evolve so quickly - and why they're chosen for experiments.
2. How much evolving is even needed:
If you take jungle insects and put them in a desert (assuming they don't die within a few generations), they will very quickly evolve, however, if you leave them in the jungle, you won't see as many drastic changes. The crocodile is often referred to as the perfect predator because it has remained almost the exact same since the dinosaurs. Many species have come and gone but the crocodile persists. This is simply because, again, the crocodile is the perfect predator, it has no need to evolve, so it doesn't (roughly).

how certain organisms came to be the way they currently are. — Susu

Yes, I love to think about Earth's amazing creatures. In fiction, we talk about other worlds and dimensions, and all the wonderful, mythical creatures that reside there. But I feel we too seldom appreciate the animals we have here. I mean we do. People love animals. But imagine if you came to Earth from another planet and saw a zebra, a giraffe, an anglerfish, a chameleon, or any of the countless other strange earthly inhabitants. It really makes you question how "mythical" a unicorn really is...

I'll also say, I'm really not qualified to talk about this evolution stuff, but it is really interesting.

I wouldn't say work is necessarily moral. It's just necessary for everyone to do.

In the case of the billionaire's son; people don't expect him to work because it's moral. People expect him to work because they have to work, and they feel its unfair for someone to never have to work. Not because working is a moral duty, but because He's never had to work a day in his life!

When you say, "It seems that a lot of people have believed that work is a moral good and hard work is even better." I think what you're talking about is just admiration. And generally, hard-working people are good people, no? The work itself isn't inherently good, but people who work hard may be. He's a good, hard-working man.

I think everyone has shortcomings in the same way that everyone has strengths. I don't know what you mean by calling these shortcomings "diseases" though. It seems like too strong of a word to me.
I agree though, most people think they really are something special, even in sort of a solipsist type of way, I am the life, the only life.
But again, you say "Be intelligent, self-conscious and aware. Anyone who does not have any of these three is in some way or another close to some kind of illness." I'm just not convinced it's an illness you're describing so much as a character flaw.
One thing I will say: I've always been confused on where we, as a people, draw the line for mental illness. In school, for example, if you have a certain condition such as ADHD, you are given extended time on tests. However, if you are just less intelligent, you aren't compensated. I am by no means saying people with ADHD are less intelligent, but I question how we decide who gets compensated for their innate flaws, or illnesses, and who doesn't. Chronic procrastinators are seen as lazy, whereas ADHDers are seen as disabled (in a small way), rather than just unattentive by their own will. It seems to come down to what is diagnosable...
what do you think?

I'm in high school right now, and I can tell you that almost none of my peers know what they want to do for a living - including me. I feel like I generally know what my native traits are, but I don't have enough life experience to know what "good work" is. I mean I don't know what I would find enjoyable as a job. And this is pressing because I feel a lot of stress to choose the right career path. It's difficult for me to see myself doing any one career for 40-50 years.
Frankly, I can't think of anything education can do for me in this respect. Kids will have to work a job outside of school, as most do, to at-all gauge what it's like to have a career. But in my - again very limited - experience of working, I don't feel I'm much closer to knowing what I want to be.

I guess what I'm trying to say is this: I know what I'm good at, and I have the ambition to do what I want; I just, despite this, don't know what it is I want.
Personally, I think what my peers and I need to make a decent career choice is more life experience, and I just don't know if public schools can offer that.