Comments

  • Malus Scientia
    I don't consider that relevantSpaceDweller

    Then you're irrelevant because it describes your position, not mine.

    Now, if you're interested into unlocking the meaning of "knowledge of good and evil" as much as I am then what we should focus on is, why knowledge of good and evil is bad for people, because if there is an answer to this then we'll know whether God is indeed good or not.SpaceDweller

    There's more than one way to skin a cat.
  • Neither science nor logic can disprove God?
    Physics deals with force and energy as well as matter, and these are non-physical, yet assumed by physicists to existMichael Zwingli

    You're selling I see. Unfortunately, I'm not buying.
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    David Chalmers: 'First-person experience is such that it cannot be fully described in third-person terms. Experience is inherently subjective, it has a quality of "something it is like to be...", and that quality is inherently irreducible to an objective description.'Wayfarer

    A coupla points:

    1. Yep, there's a what it is like to be conscious we can't ignore. This is inaccessible to another person. So, if I were a scientist researching consciousness, my research would ineluctably be incomplete.

    However, I don't agree with the characterization of this issue as the "hard" problem of consciousness. To me, that description would've made sense if and only if it's the case that there's something inexplicable, in physical terms, about consciousness. That, I'm afraid, isn't the case.

    If a scientist could find a way to observe the first-person subjective side of consciousness, the so-called "hard" problem of consciousness doesn't preclude a physical explanation.

    So, the "hard" problem of consciousness does not rule out physicalism. All it does is show us a limitation of scientific methods/techniques. So, it's not the case that nonphysicalism is true, it's just that physicalism can't prove itself. To then conclude that nonphysicalism is true or that there's something to it is an argumentum ad ignorantiam fallacy.

    2. What about empathy and the golden rule? It appears that a person can gain knowledge/insight into another person's state of mind. In other words, a third-person point of view of a first-person point of view.
  • Phenomenology and the Mind Body Question
    relearning how to see the worldTom Storm

    :up: I wonder how that differs from the what is common knowledge viz. exploring perspectives, points of view?

    Does phenomenology offer something immensely beneficial, exhilirating? Does it put on offer nirvana itself?

    My recollection of phenomenology, from an article I read about half a year ago, is that,

    1. Discard all (other) theories i.e. wipe the slate clean and give oneself a fresh start and experience the world as it appears to us. So, as an example, forget about the astronomical fact that the earth revolves around the sun and just look up at the sky - what do you see? The sun going around the earth. The world as it appears to us is gets all our attention, the limelight as it were. It's quite radical - phenomonelogy - for the simple reason that it goes against the grain. All this while appearance was treated as inferior, removed from the truth, to be penetrated as quickly and as forcefully as possible in order that we may get to the bottom of the mystery.

    2. Bring the description of reality, until now a poor substitute, up to the level of actual experience of reality itself. In other words, descriptions now must match reality in terms of how intense and rich the real deal is.

    For the mind-body question, it means go with, run with how the mind and the body appear to you - Do they seem distinct? Then they are distinct. :joke:
  • Kurt Gödel, Fallacy Of False Dichotomy & Trivalent Logic
    Update

    1. The Liar Paradox

    The Liar sentence: L = This sentence[1] is false.

    The liar argument:

    1. L is true (assume for reductio ad absurdum)
    2. If L is true then L is false (premise)
    3. L is false (1, 2 MP)
    4. L is true & L is false (1, 2 Conj)
    5. L is false (1 - 4 reductio ad absurdum)
    6. If L is false then L is true (premise)
    7. L is true (5, 6 MP)
    8. L is true & L is false (5, 7 Conj)
    9. L is true ( 5 - 8 reductio ad absurdum)
    10. L is true & L is false (5, 9 Conj) [The liar paradox]

    So far so good.

    The Liar sentence: This sentence[1] is false.

    What does L is false mean? It means ~L is true.

    ~L = This sentence[2] is false.

    The paradox (line 10) = L is true & L is false = L & ~L

    L & ~L = This sentence[1] is false & This sentence[2] is true.

    However, L & ~L, despite how it looks, is not a contradiction. For it to be a contradiction, This sentence[1] = This sentence[2] but they're not:

    This sentence[1] = This sentence[1] is false.

    This sentence[2] = This sentence[2] is true.

    This sentence[1] and This sentence[2] refer to two different sentences as shown above.

    2. Gödel's argument.

    Gödel sentence: G = This sentence[3] is unprovable.

    What is the negation of G? This sentence[4] is provable.

    If, in Gödel's proof, it's necessary that This sentence[3] = This sentence[4] (perhaps to arrive at a contradiction) then Gödel's proof fails because:

    This sentence[3] = This sentence[3] is unprovable

    This sentencea[4] = This sentence[4] is provable

    This sentence[3] and This sentence[4] are not the same sentence.
  • Neither science nor logic can disprove God?
    Why is it that neither science nor logic can disprove God?Shawn

    1. The nonscientfic relation between existence and physical:
    If X is physical then X exists.

    2. The scientific relation between existence and physical:
    X is physical if and only if X exists.

    As you can see,

    from 1, if X is nonphysical it doesn't follow that X doesn't exist (denying the antecedent/inverse fallacy). God, a nonphysical entity, can exist.

    from 2, if X is nonphysical then X doesn't exist. God, in science, doesn't exist.

    The problem: For science, the nonphysical = nonexistence. For religion the nonphysical nonexistence.

    God doesn't exist for science. If scientists believe God exists then they're using relation 1 (vide supra) between the physical and existence.

    Logic can disprove God if God entails the truth of certain propositions which can then be assessed for consistency with other known to be true propositions.
  • Physical Constants & Geometry
    So geometry then injects just enough physical reality into the mathematical abstraction to raise the problem?apokrisis

    There's something physical about irrationals in the sense that there's measurement (geometry) involved: length of a square's diagonal (), length of a circle's circumference and diameter (). However, I don't know how it works for physical constants though - are they too measured like we would a line or a curve on a piece of paper?

    Zeno's paradoxes were another route into the same issue. As an object of the mathematical imagination, the number line claims to be both continuous yet also infinitely divided. That is a useful quality for modelling/measuring the world, but what way is it realistic?apokrisis

    Zeno's paradoxes of motion uses ratios. The method of reiterated halving would mean both Achilles and the tortoise would've never ever found themselves on an irrational point along the track. Infinity though has something to do with irrational numbers - most formulae for irrational constants (e and are infinite series).

    I'm with Peirce and those who argue that reality is at root vagueapokrisis

    What's vague about irrational numbers? I thought they were distinct points on the number line (geometry). Now that reminds me of representing numbers using, as the authors in a book posited, 1. the set method and 2. the number line method.

    1. The set method: {€} is 1, {?, q} is 2, so and so forth
    2. The number line: Google

    The set method is not is not amenable to irrationals while the number line (geometry) is.

    Ah! I get why you brought up vagueness. The Greek method of computing was by approximating it, the final value being given as a range the lower and upper limits being rational numbers. Archimedes in fact proved that
  • The Essence Of Wittgenstein


    When I have a headache, I know I have a headache.
  • Kurt Gödel, Fallacy Of False Dichotomy & Trivalent Logic
    Nope, because the English sentence is arguably not a proposition in the sense desired, but Godel's G absolutely is, in that it makes a definite, well-defined statement about a definite, well-defined subject (namely itself), in definite, well-defined terms.tim wood

    The liar sentence's problem is precisely because of self-reference (namely itself) which the Gödel sentence also repeats/reenacts.
  • Malus Scientia
    Not necessarily assuming,
    If definition of God is "omnipotent, omniscient and all benevolent", then there is no reason to assume God would command contrary to that definition.
    SpaceDweller

    When we began, you said it was only obedience that mattered - the morality of what was being commanded of zero relevance. I objected.

    Then you set up a scenario in which you offered two choices: 1. always obey God or 2. always disobey God.

    I told you I would still keep my option to disobey God open.

    Your response was God is good (omnibenevolent).

    So, it's not just obedience is it that matters? The moral nature of God's commands also counts.

    You're begging the question because when I rejected your position that only obedience matters, God's goodness is an open question i.e. it needs to be proved and then the scenario you set up is so crafted as if God is good.
  • The Essence Of Wittgenstein
    There must be private experiences?
    — TheMadFool

    The fear of being empty, not unique, creates the idea there must be some "thing" beyond language which is mine, that I can know. Now it's not that there is nothing there, it's just that experience isn't known, it is expressed or denied (by me)' it's accepted or rejected by you. So to say "It was amazing" is to express our ineffable experience (however poorly). So there are personal experiences but they don't work the way Witt tried to imagine (as the skeptic would like them to).
    Antony Nickles

    Possible but not necessary.
  • Malus Scientia
    Why not using same perspective toward this problem but from different angle, imagine 2 extremes:
    1. Doing everything as God commands
    2. Doing everything the opposite, defy God in every aspect

    Which one of these 2 extremes would be natural?
    Complete anarchy, madness, pain and destruction vs opposite of that.
    SpaceDweller

    You're begging the question. You're assuming God's commands will always be good. I'm not making that assumption and hence reserve the right to defy Him.
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    There's a what it is like to be conscious - what it is like to think, smell, feel, taste, see, and hear - and this aspect of consciousness is known only to me. I can't put it out there, like I can my hand, for study/examination by another person. Thus, if I want to investigate consciousness from a scientific standpoint, I could only channel my efforts towards neurons, synapses, the brain, and so on but not that side to consciousness referred to by the expression "what it is like to be conscious". This is the hard problem of consciousness.

    However, what bothers me is this: The hard problem of consciousness actually does not refute physicalism since it doesn't prove consciousness is physically inexplicable. All it does is show existing scientific methods can't access the what it is like to be conscious facet of consciousness. It's like saying that a ladder (science) is too short to reach the roof (consciousness) and not that if we ever get our hands on a longer ladder (improved and more sophisticated science) we still won't be able to give a physical explanation for consciousness including the what it is like to be conscious of it.

    In short, the hard problem of consciousness is more about the limitations of our tools (science) than anything special about consciousness. Though the intention was to score a point for nonphysicalism, the hard problem of consciousness is simply a critique on physicalism.
  • Malus Scientia
    What you call controversial I call comprehensive or broader context, my pronouncements are abstraction of that broader context.

    The central topic here is the garden of Eden, don't you think knowing broader context is essential to unlock the garden of Eden? Isn't that reasonable?
    SpaceDweller

    Fine by me. To each his own I suppose but I wouldn't call disagreement comprehensive or broad with respect to knowing what happened in the Garden of Eden.

    commandment violation.SpaceDweller

    You might want to read Kant and this seems relevant :point:

    And then, also, there are those more than abstract — in fact, transcendental — orientations of the mind, such as goodness or truth or beauty in the abstract, which appear to underlie every employment of thought and will, and yet which correspond to no concrete objects within nature. And so on and so forth.
    — David Bently Hart

    Morality has an other-worldly feel to it! The laws of nature are not aligned with morality. In fact morality goes against the grain - why is being good liking walking uphill? Unnatural! Nonphysical! Kant might be relevant.

    Commit the most heinous crime imaginable and you will, at no point, violate the (physical) laws of nature. No wonder God!
    TheMadFool
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    Thanks for that gracious walkthrough of David Bentley Hart's essay. It was helpful. Really gave me that 10,000 foot view of the essay.
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    That's not what's going on. It's electrical storms going on on the lightning- and fractal-like neural network. This electric storm gives rise to consciousness. Electric charge being a concept not understood intrinsically by modern physics.GraveItty

    :up: You say it better than me but electrical storms remind me seizures/epilepsy.
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    @Wayfarer

    But, alas, his story does not hold together. Some of the problems posed by mental phenomena Dennett simply dismisses without adequate reason; others he ignores. Most, however, he attempts to prove are mere “user-illusions” generated by evolutionary history, even though this sometimes involves claims so preposterous as to verge on the deranged. — David Bentley Hart

    This user-illusion concept really interests me. From a physicalist perspective, true, what's really going on are nerves and synapses switching on/off (bioelectricity). However, here I am, try as hard as I might, I can't actually become conscious/aware of these events. All I get to "see" is the finished product - I see houses, people; I smell perfume, fart; I taste sugar, salt; and so on. It is like a standard desktop GUI furnished with relvant icons we can manipulate at will (most of the time). This however begs the question does it not? An indication of that is the word "illusion".
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    @Wayfarer

    eliminativism: Whatever cannot be reduced to the most basic physical explanations cannot really exist. — David Bentley Hart

    Reminds me of @Alexandre Harvey-Tremblay's theory of everything (he has a thread on it if you're interested). I asked him whether his theory had anything to say about free will and his response was to task me with expressing free will mathematically. If that couldn't be done, free will was nonsense. Consciousness is an illusion! :chin:
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    @Wayfarer

    This problem, moreover, points toward the far more capacious and crucial one of mental intentionality as such — the mind’s pure directedness (such that its thoughts are about things) — David Bentley Hart

    I couldn't grasp this so-called aboutness. What is it exactly? Thanks.
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    @Wayfarer

    And then, also, there are those more than abstract — in fact, transcendental — orientations of the mind, such as goodness or truth or beauty in the abstract, which appear to underlie every employment of thought and will, and yet which correspond to no concrete objects within nature. And so on and so forth. — David Bently Hart

    Morality has an other-worldly feel to it! The laws of nature are not aligned with morality. In fact morality goes against the grain - why is being good liking walking uphill? Unnatural! Nonphysical! Kant might be relevant.

    Commit the most heinous crime imaginable and you will, at no point, violate the (physical) laws of nature. No wonder God!
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    If you want to make claims about what Dewnnett says, then nothing will substitute adequately for Dennett's own words. That should be obvious, even to a foolJanus

    Good day Janus
  • The Essence Of Wittgenstein
    Wittgenstein himself was incoherent, from what I can tell, so he can't help you out.Olivier5

    So it seems, so it seems.
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    An immaterial mind would be as unnecessary
    — TheMadFool

    Unless it decides to take a course of action. Which material object created the computer you're writing this on?

    Reading your reply again, you've entirely missed the point, and the implied irony, of the passage you have quoted.
    Wayfarer

    Implied irony? Where?
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    From Dennett himself, Fool.Janus

    Too bad Wikipedia ain't good enough for you, Janus!
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    If you want to support that assertion then quote directly from Dennett.Janus

     So, as Dennett wryly notes, he is committed to the belief that we are all philosophical zombies (if you define the term "philosophical zombie" as functionally identical to a human being without any additional non-material aspects)—adding that his remark is very much open to misinterpretation. — Wikipedia
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness


    Not that this is very surprising. After five decades, it would be astonishing if Dennett were to change direction now. But, by the same token, his project should over that time have acquired not only more complexity, but greater sophistication. And yet it has not. For instance, he still thinks it a solvent critique of Cartesianism to say that interactions between bodies and minds would violate the laws of physics. Apart from involving a particularly doctrinaire view of the causal closure of the physical (the positively Laplacian fantasy that all physical events constitute an inviolable continuum of purely physical causes), this argument clumsily assumes that such an interaction would constitute simply another mechanical exchange of energy in addition to material forces. — David Bentley Hart

    I think Hart has misunderstood the problem of causation for mind-body dualism as first set forth by Elisabeth of Palatinate. It's not that only that the laws of conservation of energy would be violated but that physical theories are sufficient to explain phenomena, including the mental. An immaterial mind would be as unnecessary as God was to Laplace's theory as immortalized in his statement "I had no need for that hypothesis", a reply to Napoleon's query "where is God in your theory?"
  • Malus Scientia
    I don't treat disobedience per se a sin.

    Because we are talking about 1K+ pages that are subject to debate, framework of which I hopefully laid out above.SpaceDweller

    Then the matter is controversial enough to make your pronouncements very weak.
  • Malus Scientia
    From at least the time of Galileo, a division was introduced between what Wilfrid Sellars called the “manifest image” and the “scientific image” — between, that is, the phenomenal world we experience and that imperceptible order of purely material forces that composes its physical substrate. — The New Atlantis
  • The Essence Of Wittgenstein
    I can't help but think we've lost the thread here, because the point of PI is that the conclusion of the Tractatus was wrong. We can talk about all kinds of things (just not when we first require that the outcome be certain). Just because there are times when we feel like we can't put an experience into words does not mean that we must be silent. We can try again, we can bring someone along with us as far as we can (we are not alone); and those examples above were things we can actually say--something that expresses our "ineffable" experience. The fact we do not want to accept that as enough is because we want there to be some thing that is unique and special about us, but there very well may not be. You may not exist if you are a ghost of yourself, one of the herd, if everything you say is propaganda, quotation---you can be empty inside. This is the desperation of the person who wants to "strike himself on the breast and say: 'But surely another person can’t have this pain!' " (Witt, PI, #253) It is this fear that compels the idea that there must be a private experience in the sense Witt explored.Antony Nickles

    There must be private experiences?
  • Physical Constants & Geometry
    I believe that what is the case is that there is always an incommensurability between two dimensions. This is demonstrated by the irrationality of the square root of two, and of pi. What it indicates, is that as dimensions, is a faulty way of representing space. Space being represented by distinct dimensions is a convenient fiction.Metaphysician Undercover

    Nec caput nec pedes.
  • Solution to the hard problem of consciousness
    I actually addressed TheMadFool because he or she repeated that same strawman attributed to Dennett.Janus

    It isn't a strawman. Dennett went on record to say that consciousness is an illusion. I find that interesting by the way. It gets my juices flowing, not that I have anything to show for it.
  • Physical Constants & Geometry
    As a minor point, geometry and algebra are dual descriptions of nature as Michael Atiyah argues across a number of addresses.apokrisis

    Yes, it in't clear to me too what I'm trying to ask. It's just a vague notion. If the ancient Greeks were left doing only arithmetic they would've never encounterd irrationals - (,the length of the diagonal of a square & , the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter). From this I thought that irrational numbers are closely linkes to geometry.

    The rationale behind, the logic to, that is rather simple: Helium, the noble gas, was first discovered in the sun and not on planet earth. Scientists soon found out why - thermonuclear fusion in the sun. That is to say there's something sunny/sunnish/solar about Helium.

    It isn't too much of a stretch then to posit there's something geometric about the irrationals. Helium - Sunnish; Irrationals - Geometric.

    As a minor point, geometry and algebra are dual descriptions of nature as Michael Atiyah argues across a number of addresses.apokrisis

    The article in that link is above my paygrade. However, I do know some coordinate geometry (Descartes) but that, I soon realized, doesn't cut it because irrationals are incommensurable and some are transcendental. Take the equation of a straight line (y = 2x). No matter what you plug into that equation as the value of x, you will always miss out some points (incommensurable/noncomputable/transcendental numbers) i.e. the line will actually be discontinuous.

    Therefore, though geometry and arithemtic are brought together using algebra on the Cartesian plane, it's not a perfect match.

    So one way to arrive at a constant in a dynamic world is perfect symmetry. And that will produce a simple rational value. With quantum spin, the values are 1, 0 or -1. Or when it comes to the electromagnetic charge of quarks with their more complex rotational symmetry, rational fractions like 1/3 and 2/3.apokrisis

    Didn't know that! :up:

    So symmetry produces neat rational constants in your opinion? However, I maybe wrong of course, these values (spin and the other one whatever it is) don't show up as physical constants in Wikipedia. :chin:


    The rest of your post went over my head I'm afraid.
  • Kurt Gödel, Fallacy Of False Dichotomy & Trivalent Logic
    Update

    The Liar Paradox

    The liar sentence: This1 sentence is false.

    The negation of the liar sentence: This2 sentence is true.

    For there to be a paradox, This1 = This2 but they're, I discovered, not.

    This1 refers to :point: This1 sentence is false ( L ).

    This2 refers to :point: This2 sentence is true (~L).

    (Notice the difference? False (This1) and True (This2)

    Imagine the following:

    One person saying "I am black and I am not black" (contradiction).

    and

    Two people saying "I am black" and "I am not black" (no contradiction).

    ---

    Gödel's proof

    Gödel sentence = G = This3 sentence (G) is unprovable = G is unprovable.

    The negation of the Gödel sentence = ~G = This4 sentence is unprovable = G is provable.

    Gödel's argument requires that This3 = This4, he needs a contradiction.

    However,

    This3 refers to :point: This3 sentence is unprovable (G)

    This4 refers to :point: This4 sentence is provable (~G)

    Note here too a difference: Unprovable (This3) and Provable (This4).
  • The Essence Of Wittgenstein
    Why does it got to be coherent in the first place?Olivier5

    Don't ask me. I'm just following the herd.
  • The Essence Of Wittgenstein
    Our 'private worlds' are what people talk about all the time, what poetry and literature have been about for several thousands years. I will never understand expressions of stupor or bewilderment at the most familiar stuff of all: our own thoughts. How alienated from oneself can one pretend to be?Olivier5

    Self-deception is a real possibility. As we are to ourselves is either incoherent (private language argument) or incoherent (beetle-in-the-box).
  • To What Extent Does Philosophy Replace Religion For Explanations and Meaning?
    The great void is like God - incomprehensible, transcendental, beyond our grasp - and surprise, surprise, God's the last word so far as meaning is our main concern.