I don't know if i got these responded to in order. The response threading here is confusing me.

A fact is an individual instance of truth just as a choice is an individual instance of freedom. Knowledge is equivalent to epistemological warrant.

Everything you mention can be categorised either as empirical or logical. There really are only two ways of knowing.

Paradox simply doesn't exist in reality. It's a shortcoming of language. Every "thing" is a pattern with a purpose and the pattern is subservient to the purpose. Words that are self-referential or phrases that are self-refuting can't go anywhere - they have no purpose, therefore the pattern is meaningless. #paradoxsolved

There's no reason why logic works, it simply works. It's descriptive of the relationships between other concepts. Nothing is a priori. It's all based on our experience, individually, socially in the current moment, and historically as cultures evolve. You don't need to question logic. "Just works" takes you all the way to infinity, or until it stops working.

I'd say percentage of certainty and level of confidence are identical. In any case, it's a fuzzy number so to think of it as numbers isn't really important anyway. Level of certainty is the point. Things in the sensable, replicable world that keep being replicable we call truth/fact. When there is no evidence to the contrary, the tiniest shred of evidence is actionable. If you believe there is additional information available then the salience of the decision determines how much you delay the decision in favor of gathering additional information.

Yes, they do, but what that means to them isn't relevant to what it means to us. Things aren't a priori and we don't know how the animal thought process differs from our own. Presumably it's identical to a point, but that isn't relevant in discussing what things are To Us, for our purposes.

The purpose comes first. You want to recognise things to avoid danger and approach pleasure, by whatever definitions. That means you need pattern recognition (which is also, roughly speaking, the definition of intelligence and our ability to sense and work with higher-order patterns is what separates us from the animals.)

The thing doesn't exist "for all intents and purposes" until it has a purpose. :)

The first purpose is recognition, In the case of stars, we say "That pattern is easily recognisable and that's useful because it moves certain ways that help us navigate." Then we relate it to an animal or something to keep it memorable and help us communicate it. That's a cultural thing more or less. Anyway, the second purpose is danger validation, which also happens pre-consciously. Only if something is dangerous or if it then passes the next set of subconscious filters which is interest validation toward other purposes, do we notice it consciously. Purpose/meaning is a human invention itself for human purposes. It describes wants of every kind whether practical or otherwise. It just happens that we've been figuring out how to do it for millions of years so we're really good at it. Nothing makes a pattern a thing but our purpose. It's not a thing otherwise - it's undifferentiated stuff, even though it's physically identical either way.

An attribute is a lower order thing used to compose higher order things.. A thing is a pattern with a purpose.

The stuff that the attributes apply to is part of the pattern as much as the attributes, or to put it another way, the attribute of encompassing a certain area of space is an attribute the same as any other. In other words, The thing includes all that. The pattern is equally in the physical world and in our brains at the same time. We have a representation of it guided by our desires.

The least a pattern can be is aesthetically pleasing. That's enough of a purpose to recognise it, but by the time you're aware, it's already had the purpose of danger potential applied to it. Purpose begins in the subconscious. You only become aware of a well-vetted sub-set of things that your nervous system experiences.

Reality, like my formulation of metaphysics, is infinitely simple and infinitely complex. It can be expressed in a few words but could be studied for a lifetime. I like to think of it as the infinitely recursive meta-mobius of existence. :)

Purpose as in recognition, danger avoidance, interest (pass to consciousness), and so forth, in order of complexity - any human desire or purpose, etc.

Simpler to stick with the human context for this, otherwise it's a bog. I'd say you "observe things into being". All things are a pattern with a purpose and the resolution of the purpose determines the resolution of the pattern. In other words, The stuff is there, but ti becomes things when we contextualise it into our phenomenology. As for logic, it "just works", and that's as good as you can ask a system to be.

I'd call that part of "Spiritual Math" (tiny.cc/ontology)

"deconstructs to"

Determinate actuality exists only within the experienced world - to us. We have every reason to believe it exists prior to and beyond us. Empirical probability will get us as far as what we experience. Logical necessity can carry us the rest of the way.

I'm sorry you didn't understand but everything you mention is perfectly accounted for. I know there are better ways to explore the terminology but "truth" v "Truth" or "reality" v "Reality" is the best way I've found to express it. A fact is a piece of truth just as a choice is a piece of freedom. There is no difference otherwise.