Comments

  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Perfectly clear that you have stated nothing about 10:02. For all we know it turns into a pumpkin.fishfry

    As per P1, the lamp cannot spontaneously and without cause turn into a pumpkin, and there cannot be a god or wizard or gremlin magically turning the lamp into a plate of spaghetti.

    And then as per P2, P3, and P4, pushing the button can never cause the lamp to vanish in a puff of smoke.

    So the lamp can never turn into a pumpkin. It can never turn into a plate of spaghetti. It can never vanish in a puff of smoke. It can only ever be either off or on.

    Before we even consider a supertask, do you at least understand that if the button is pushed to turn the lamp on (and then not pushed again) then the lamp stays on?

    Do you at least accept these?

    C4. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 then the lamp is on at 12:00
    C5. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 and 11:30 then the lamp is off at 12:00

    Can't you see why I'm demanding that you write out, in one place, your entire description of the problem. That way you would be able to catch yourself making stuff up as you go.fishfry

    I did so. It's here.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Quite so. But how does it help when we are thinking about an infinite sequence? As I understand it, the point is that the sequence cannot define it's own limit.Ludwig V

    That's precisely the problem. Both of these things are true:

    1. The lamp can never spontaneously and without cause be on
    2. If the supertask is performed, and if the lamp is on after the performance of the supertask, then the lamp being on after the performance of the supertask is spontaneous and without cause.

    Therefore we must accept that the supertask cannot be performed.

    And even if we were to grant an alternate account that allows for the lamp to spontaneously and without cause be on, doing so does not answer Thomson's question. He wants to know what the performance of the supertask causes to happen to the lamp. Having some subsequent, independent, spontaneous, acausal event after the performance of the supertask does not tell us what the performance of the supertask causes to happen to the lamp. It's a red herring.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    And the phrase "completed sequence of tasks" is self-contradictory.Ludwig V

    Did you mean that the phrase "completed infinite sequence of tasks" is self-contradictory? If so then yes.

    So what do we need your argument for?Ludwig V

    To prove it. Those like Benacerraf and fishfry either claim that it isn't self-contradictory or that it hasn't been proven to be self-contradictory.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    You know perfectly well that's self-contradictory, so necessarily false.Ludwig V

    Yes, this is how refutations by contadiction work.

    I'll quote Thomson for you:

    After I have completed the whole infinite sequence of jabs, i.e. at the end of the two minutes, is the lamp on or off? It seems impossible to answer this question. It cannot be on, because I did not ever turn it on without at once turning it off. It cannot be off, because I did in the first place turn it on, and thereafter I never turned it off without at once turning it on. But the lamp must be either on or off. This is a contradiction.

    This is what proves that "super-tasks are not possible of performance". Any completed sequence of tasks is necessarily finite.
  • Gödel's ontological proof of God
    Consider this:

    1. ∃xF(x) → ∃x∀y(F(y) ↔ (x = y))

    If we take F(x) to mean something like "x is the only unicorn" then (1) is true.

    Now consider these:

    2. ◇∃x(F(x) ∧ A(x))
    3. ◇∃x(F(x) ∧ ¬A(x))

    If take A(x) to mean something like "x is male" then both (2) and (3) are true.

    Now consider these:

    4. ◇□∃x(F(x) ∧ A(x))
    5. ◇□∃x(F(x) ∧ ¬A(x))

    Under S5, ◇□p ⊢ □p, and so these entail:

    6. □∃x(F(x) ∧ A(x))
    7. □∃x(F(x) ∧ ¬A(x))

    (6) and (7) cannot both be true, and so therefore (2) does not entail (4) and (3) does not entail (5):

    8. ◇∃xP(x) ⊬ ◇□∃xP(x).

    This is where modal ontological arguments commit a sleight of hand. To claim that it is possible that God1 exists, where necessary existence is one of God1's properties, is to claim that it is possibly necessary that God2 exists, where necessary existence is not one of God2's properties.

    The claim that it is possibly necessary that God2 exists isn't true a priori, and so the claim that it is possible that God1 exists isn't true a priori. As it stands it begs the question.

    Or we have to reject S5, but if we reject S5 then modal ontological arguments are invalid because “possibly necessary” wouldn’t entail “necessary”.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    You can think about us doing that, but you can't limit our thinking to that context. That's where the problems start.Ludwig V

    The lamp is off at 10:00. I push the button at 10:01, turning the lamp on. Is the lamp on or off at 10:02?

    The correct answer is "on".

    You don't get to invent your own premises and stipulate that some magical gremlin turns the lamp into a plate of spaghetti at 10:02. In doing so you are no longer addressing the thought experiment that I have presented.

    Us doing this is not an empirical possibilityLudwig V

    Neither is pushing the button 10100100 times within one minute, but we are still able to reason as if it were possible and deduce that the lamp would be off when we finish. That's just how thought experiments work.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    This is consistent with your premises:

    The lamp is off at 11:00. The button is pushed at 12:00 and the lamp goes on.
    TonesInDeepFreeze

    Yes, this is where we have C4 and C5:

    C4. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 then the lamp is on at 12:00
    C5. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 and 11:30 then the lamp is off at 12:00

    It is only when we change from having pushed the button a finite number of times to having pushed the button an infinite number of times that we are met with a contradiction:

    C6. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00, 11:30, 11:45, and so on ad infinitum, then the lamp is neither on nor off at 12:00

    For every it is possible to have pushed the button times (and every is finite), but it is not possible to have pushed the button times.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    That was a complete description. There are no hidden assumptions.

    P1-P4 are our premises. C1-C3 follow. And then C4-C6 follow.

    P1 is implicit in Thomson's argument. Using the principle of charity you should infer it. As neither you nor Benacerraf have done so I have had to make it explicit.

    As a comparison, consider the following:

    The lamp is off at 10:00. The button is pushed 10100100 times between 10:00 and 10:01. Is the lamp on or off at 10:02?

    Any reasonable person should infer that nothing else happens between 10:01 and 10:02. Even though this is a physically impossible imaginary lamp, and even though I haven't told you what happens at 10:02, it is poor reasoning to respond to the question by claiming that the lamp can turn into a plate of spaghetti. The correct answer is that because 10100100 is an even number, the lamp will be off at 10:02.

    There is no Supreme Button Pusher arbitrarily willing the lamp to be on or turning it into a pumpkin. There is only us pushing the button once, twice, or an infinite number of times, where pushing it when the lamp is off turns the lamp on and pushing it when the lamp is on turns the lamp off.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    C1 is a premise.TonesInDeepFreeze

    It’s not, it’s a valid inference from the premises.

    As per P4, the lamp starts off. As per P2, pushing the button will turn it on. As per P3, pushing the button again will then turn it off. As per P2, pushing the button again will then turn it on. And so on ad infinitum. And as per P1 there's no third party magic or God or gremlin that can cause the lamp to vanish in a puff of smoke or turn into a plate of spaghetti. So the lamp can only ever be either off or on. There's no mechanism by which the lamp can be anything else.

    It seems to me that the premises don't preclude that the button can be pushed at 12:00 without there be an immediate predecessor state.TonesInDeepFreeze

    Firstly, as per the antecedent of C6, the button is not pushed at 12:00. Thomson is addressing what happens if the supertask is performed, not what happens if the supertask and some independent subsequent task is performed.

    Secondly, pushing the button at 12:00 will only turn the lamp on if the lamp is off when the button is pushed. So to say that the button is pushed at 12:00 to turn the lamp on is to say that if the button is not pushed at 12:00 then the lamp would be off at 12:00. But that's not possible because of C3.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    You are not including the premise "The lamp can only be on if immediately preceding it was off. And the lamp an be off only if immediately preceding it was on"?TonesInDeepFreeze

    No, I've linked you to the argument. You can read the premises there.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    You're reiterating a premise that we are free to reject. Just reiterating it like that is begging the question in this context.TonesInDeepFreeze

    It's not a premise. It's a conclusion derived from our premises. See the argument above.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    So we can reject (1) and be left with a consistent set of two premises.TonesInDeepFreeze

    To reject (1) is to claim that the lamp can spontaneously and without cause be on at 12:00. This is impossible. The lamp can only be on at 12:00 if the button was pushed when the lamp was off to turn it on.

    We must reject (3), and so reject the possibility of the supertask.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox


    I don't understand your argument, or at least I don't think you understand my argument. Before we even address the infinite divisibility of time, the full argument related to Thomson's lamp is presented here.

    Do you disagree with anything said there?
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox


    More like:

    P1. The lamp being off must always precede it being on.
    C1. Therefore, the lamp cannot be modelled over time by the infinite sequence off, on, off, ...; on.

    P2. If time is infinitely divisible then the lamp can be modelled over time by the infinite sequence off, on, off, ...; on.
    C2. Therefore, time is not infinitely divisible.

    Although on this latter point perhaps this argument is more compelling.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    If we agree that (1) (2) (3) are together impossible, then we can infer anything from the assumption that they are possible.TonesInDeepFreeze

    If you're referring to the principle of explosion, then sure.

    The point though is that Thomson shows that the lamp can neither be on nor off after having performed the supertask, which is a contradiction, and so that the supertask is impossible in principle to perform.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Then, we may consider that the problem itself is impossible in the sense that it requires:

    (1) a state requires an immediate predecessor state

    (2) there is a state at 12:00

    (3) there is no predecessor state to the state at 12:00
    TonesInDeepFreeze

    Yes, that's the basic argument I've been making. The lamp being off must always precede it being on. Therefore, the lamp cannot be modelled over time by the infinite sequence off, on, off, ...; on.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    But there is no immediate predecessor state to the state at 12:00, so I find it difficult to conceive also requiring that the state at 12:00 is determined by an immediate predecessor state that does not exist.TonesInDeepFreeze

    You're putting the cart before the horse.

    Before we even consider if and when we push the button it is established that the lamp can only ever be on if the button is pushed when the lamp is off to turn it on. The lamp cannot spontaneously and without cause be on.

    Our problem is that if (a) a supertask is performed and if (b) the lamp is on after we stop pushing the button then (c) the lamp is spontaneously and without cause on.

    @fishfry and Benacerraf fail to acknowledge that (c) is impossible, proving that (a) and (b) are incompatible.

    If (a) is true then (b) is false. If (b) is true then (a) is false. The same reasoning holds when we claim that the lamp is off after we stop pushing the button.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    I'd find it helpful if you would write down a complete description of your version of the problem in one place, rather than pointing me to P1 here and C3 there. Just write down a complete description of the problem for my reference please.fishfry

    These are our premises before we even consider if and when we push the button:

    P1. Nothing happens to the lamp except what is caused to happen to it by pushing the button
    P2. If the lamp is off and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned on
    P3. If the lamp is on and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned off
    P4. The lamp is off at 10:00

    From these we can then deduce:

    C1. The lamp is either on or off at all tn >= 10:00
    C2. The lamp is on at some tn > 10:00 iff the button was pushed at some ti > 10:00 and <= tn to turn it on and not then pushed at some tj > ti and <= tn to turn it off
    C3. If the lamp is on at some tn > 10:00 then the lamp is off at some tm > tn iff the button was pushed at some ti > tn and <= tm to turn it off and not then pushed at some tj > ti and <= tm to turn it on

    From these we can then deduce:

    C4. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 then the lamp is on at 12:00
    C5. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 and 11:30 then the lamp is off at 12:00
    C6. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00, 11:30, 11:45, and so on ad infinitum, then the lamp is neither on nor off at 12:00 [contradiction]

    Benacerraf's "solution" – to arbitrarily stipulate that the lamp is on/off at 12:00 – is inconsistent with C2 and C3. Even our hypothetical lamp cannot spontaneously and without cause be on.

    His "solution" doesn't even answer the question, which asks what happens to the lamp if we push its button an infinite number of times. We want to understand the causal consequence of having performed the supertask. Having the lamp spontaneously and without cause be on after having performed the supertask does not tell us what having performed the supertask entails.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    It's just that the rules don't apply at 12:00.Ludwig V

    Yes they do. P1-P3 are always true. C1-C3 follow from P1-P4 and explicitly apply at all times >= 10:00.

    The fact that the conjunction of these premises with the performance of a supertask entails a contradiction is proof that the supertask is impossible, not proof that we can dispense with the premises at 12:00.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox


    The lamp is either on or off at t1.

    But if the button is pushed at t1/2, t3/4, t7/8, and so on ad infinitum, then the lamp is neither on nor off at t1. This is the contradiction.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox


    I can't preempt someone's disagreement. If someone wants to argue that my conclusion is false then they need to tell me which step in the argument they disagree with, and why. Only then can I respond.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    I have no idea what you're talking about.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Am I contradicting you?Ludwig V

    You were when you said this:

    Benacerraf argues that neither outcome is inconsistent with the rules of the problem,
    — fishfry

    That seems to be true, so Benacerraf is right.
    Ludwig V

    Benacerraf is not right. His stipulation that the lamp is on (or off) at t1 is inconsistent with the premises of the problem.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    So what are you arguing about?Ludwig V

    I have already said. I am arguing that the supertask is metaphysically impossible.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Is is not the case that "logically impossible" implies "metaphysically impossible"?Ludwig V

    Yes.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    So what are you arguing about?Ludwig V

    That the supertask is metaphysically impossible.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    So we can agree that the consequent is false.Ludwig V

    Yes. And therefore the antecedent is necessarily false. The supertask is metaphysically impossible.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Clearly not by you. Could've easily included it. So why didn't you?Outlander

    Yes by me. I didn't include them because they're implied. But if you insist on making it explicit then I will.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    You missed out "The lamp is either on or off at all times."Ludwig V

    The laws of noncontradiction and excluded middle are implied.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    That seems to be true, so Benacerraf is right.Ludwig V

    It's not true, and so he's not right.

    These are our premises before we even consider if and when we push the button:

    P1. Nothing happens to the lamp except what is caused to happen to it by pushing the button
    P2. If the lamp is off and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned on
    P3. If the lamp is on and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned off
    P4. The lamp is off at 10:00

    From these we can then deduce:

    C1. The lamp is either on or off at all tn >= 10:00
    C2. The lamp is on at some tn > 10:00 iff the button was pushed at some ti > 10:00 and <= tn to turn it on and not then pushed at some tj > ti and <= tn to turn it off
    C3. If the lamp is on at some tn > 10:00 then the lamp is off at some tm > tn iff the button was pushed at some ti > tn and <= tm to turn it off and not then pushed at some tj > ti and <= tm to turn it on

    From these we can then deduce:

    C4. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 then the lamp is on at 12:00
    C5. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00 and 11:30 then the lamp is off at 12:00
    C6. If the button is only ever pushed at 11:00, 11:30, 11:45, and so on ad infinitum, then the lamp is neither on nor off at 12:00 [contradiction]

    Benacerraf's "solution" is inconsistent with C2 and C3.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    I don't know if a button is pushed or not at the terminal time. Who says it's not?fishfry

    C3 says it's not. If the button is only ever pushed at 23:00, 23:30, 23:45, and so on ad infinitum, then ipso facto the button is not pushed at midnight.

    The terminal state is arbitrary.fishfry

    Your arbitrary stipulation that the lamp is on or off at midnight is inconsistent with P1-P4.

    The lamp can only ever be on iff the button is pushed when the lamp is off to turn it on. The lamp can only ever be off iff either it is never turned on or the button is pushed when the lamp is on to turn it off. Midnight is no exception.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox


    I address it all here. P1 is an implicit premise in Thomson's argument. He is asking "what happens to a lamp if we push its button an infinite number of times?", not "what happens to a lamp if we push its button an infinite number of times and then some arbitrary thing happens to it?".

    If your only way to make sense of a supertask is by introducing God or magic to fix the problem at the end then you haven't made sense of a supertask at all. You might as well try to resolve something like the grandfather paradox by doing the same. Time travel into the past isn't physically possible but granting its possibility for the sake of argument doesn't then entail that anything goes, but that seems to be your approach to this issue.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Why don't you just run the code and see?Ludwig V

    Because in reality a computer cannot perform two consecutive operations within 10-44 seconds.

    But we don't need to run the code. We can understand the logic of it and so know that there is no consistent answer. It cannot be true, cannot be false, and cannot be anything other than true or false.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    But since you've put the argument in a list, I'd make explicit all the premises.TonesInDeepFreeze

    Sure.

    P1. Nothing happens to the lamp except what is caused to happen to it by pushing the button
    P2. If the lamp is off and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned on
    P3. If the lamp is on and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned off
    P4. The lamp is off at 22:00
    P5. The lamp is either on or off at midnight

    C1. If the button is only ever pushed at 23:00 then the lamp is on at midnight
    C2. If the button is only ever pushed at 23:00 and 23:30 then the lamp is off at midnight
    C3. If the button is only ever pushed at 23:00, 23:30, 23:45, and so on ad infinitum, then the lamp is ? at midnight

    It is essential to note that in each case we are being asked about the causal consequence of having pushed the button one or more times.

    No substitution for "?" in the consequent of C3 is either derivable from or consistent with the premises and the antecedent of C3. Therefore we must accept that it is impossible in principle to have performed the supertask.

    The following pseudocode provides a demonstration of C3 and is the correct way to interpret the logic of Thomson's lamp:

    var isLampOn = false
    
    function pushButton()
    {
      isLampOn = !isLampOn
    }
    
    var i = 120
    
    while (true) {
    
      wait i *= 0.5 // seconds
      
      pushButton()
    
    }
    
    echo isLampOn
    

    We are being asked what value is output by the line echo isLampOn (which allegedly will run after two minutes). The problem is that it cannot be true and cannot be false but cannot be anything other than true or false.

    Benacerraf's solution is akin to injecting some additional code after while (true) { ... }, assigning some arbitrary value to isLampOn, but in doing so he is no longer addressing the problem as posed.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Lamps that switch state in arbitrarily small intervals of time?fishfry

    This is the assumption we allow for to examine the possibility of supertasks.

    But it is still the case that the lamp cannot arbitrarily be on (whether at midnight or any other time). It can only be turned on by pushing a button when it is off. You continually ignore this fact when you talk about the mathematical value ω.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox


    I understand how infinite sequences and limits work, as did Thomson. That is why I understand that an infinite sequence of button pushes before midnight is inconsistent with the lamp being either on or off at midnight.

    The problem is that you seem to fail to acknowledge how lamps work.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    If "nothing other than pushing the button turns the lamp on or off," then at midnight, the button pusher pushes the button and turns the lamp on or off, per your premise.fishfry

    He doesn't push the button at midnight. He only pushes it at 23:00, 23:30, 23:45, and so on. This is an explicit premise of the problem.

    Also, pushing the button will only turn the lamp on if it was off and so to say that the button was pushed at midnight to turn it on is to say that the lamp was left off after having performed the supertask, which is false.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    With the lamp, there is no possible way to assign a terminating value that makes any particular sense. Instead, absolutely any answer will do. On, Off, or as I facetiously said earlier, a plate of spaghetti; to emphasize the arbitrariness of the choice.fishfry

    The first sentence is true and is the proof that "supertasks are senseless" (as Thomson says).

    The second sentence is false. As mentioned several times, the implicit premises are that the lamp continues to exist (as a lamp) at midnight and that nothing other than pushing the button can turn the lamp on or off.

    We are being asked about the causal consequence of having performed a supertask. Your introduction of magic or God or some other entity or event at the end is a red herring.

    This is abundantly clear with the pseudocode I offered a month ago:

    var isLampOn = false
    
    function pushButton()
    {
      isLampOn = !isLampOn
    }
    
    var i = 120
    
    while (true) {
    
      wait i *= 0.5
      
      pushButton()
    
    }
    
    echo isLampOn
    

    The logic of this does not allow for echo isLampOn to output true or false or 'a plate of spaghetti'.

    Your "solution" is to inject some additional code after while (true) { ... }, assigning some arbitrary value to isLampOn, but in doing so you are no longer addressing the problem as posed.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    Not just that it was off and then turned on, but rather that it was off at time t1 and on at time t2. That is, that it's not just a matter of the lamp having been off previously but rather that there is an off state that is an immediate predecessor of the on state and that that extends to 12:00 too so that for the lamp to be on at 12:00 there must be an immediate predecessor state in which the lamp was off, mutatis mutandis for the lamp being off at 12:00. Thomson mentions this. It's a premise that needs to be stated.TonesInDeepFreeze

    I also revised my post after posting it.

    The three implicit premises are:

    1) The lamp exists at 12:00 and as per the laws of excluded middle and noncontradiction is either on or off.

    2) If the lamp is off and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned on and if the lamp is on and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned off.

    3) Nothing other than pushing the button can affect the lamp.

    It therefore follows that if the lamp is on then it is on only because it was off and the button was pushed to turn it on. It makes no sense for a lamp to be on without having been turned on, and in this specific case it can only be turned on by pushing a button when it is off.

    Therefore if the lamp is on at midnight then it is on only because it was off and the button was pushed to turn it on. This is impossible if the infinite sequence 11:00, 11:30, 11:45, ... models the times that the button is pushed.

    (1) The first task is impossible to be performed. The second task is impossible to be performed. The third task is impossible to be performed ...

    Quantified:

    For all tasks, there is not a performance of any of them.

    I think that is not what you mean.

    (2) It is not possible for there to be a single performance of all the tasks.

    Quantified:

    There is not a performance that performs all the tasks.

    I surmise that is what you mean.

    I wouldn't write "it is impossible for the first task to be performed at 11:00, the second at 11:30, the third at 11:45, and so on" because it can be understood in sense (1).

    It is not possible for the first dancer to do a flip today, for the second dancer to do a flip tomorrow, and so on.

    I would take that to mean that none of the dancers can do a flip on their appointed day.
    TonesInDeepFreeze

    I am saying that it is impossible in principle for the infinite sequence 11:00, 11:30, 11:45, ... to model the times that the button is pushed.
  • Infinite Staircase Paradox
    As I mentioned, that is a premise that you don't include in your own argument. As I mentioned:

    "his argument includes the premise that there is a state at 12:00 and that that state must be determined by an immediate predecessor state but that there is no immediate predecessor state."

    I can't imagine anyone denying that there is no immediate predecessor state, but some partisans who don't accept the argument deny that the state at 12:00 must be determined by an immediate predecessor state. So you must include the premise that the state at 12:00 must be determined by an immediate predecessor state
    TonesInDeepFreeze

    The lamp exists at 12:00 and as per the laws of excluded middle and noncontradiction is either on or off.

    Given the way lamps work, or at least the lamp in this example, if the lamp is off and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned on and if the lamp is on and the button is pushed then the lamp is turned off.

    Nothing other than pushing the button can affect the lamp.

    Scenario 1
    The lamp is off at 10:00 and the button is only pushed at 11:00. Therefore the lamp is on at 12:00.

    Scenario 2
    The lamp is off at 10:00 and the button is only pushed at 11:00 and 11:30. Therefore the lamp is off at 12:00.

    Scenario 3
    The lamp is off at 10:00 and the button is only pushed at 11:00, 11:30, 11:45, and so on. Therefore the lamp is ? at 12:00.

    No substitution for "?" is either derivable or consistent. Therefore the button-pushing procedure in scenario 3 is proven impossible in principle.

    It's not a matter of continuousness but rather of density.TonesInDeepFreeze

    I don't know what this means.

    If you don't mean "Therefore, it is impossible for the first task to be performed at 11:00, the second at 11:30, the third at 11:45, and so on" then it should be considered scratched.TonesInDeepFreeze

    I do mean that.