I do realise that you are not singling my topic out. If anything, I don't want my thread to be filled with the tedious, so mine is going to be given a new title to make it slanted towards the more esoteric. That is more the area which I read in anyway.

The book which I have been reading has articles by Elaine Pagels. I find the tradition of Gnosticism and the Grail legend interesting, especially as I am interested in esoteric philosophy. That is more my interest really rather than the fors and against of religion. As there are now threads looking at that, I think that I am going to change my title to reflect the esoteric! That was my own angle, and I now have an excuse to follow the path of the more esoteric ideas.

The Catholic Church has a large shadow of repressed sexuality. Even at age 12, when I chose to go to a Catholic school because I didn't agree with the idea of evolution at the time, I noticed so much sexualisation in the Catholic one than the other non religious one. It was like the repressed sexuality throughout history was leaking out everywhere.

The only problem is that I created a thread on Christianity yesterday when there didn't appear to be any active ones. Now, there are 4 on the front page. It doesn't matter really but it probably ends up with a lot of broken up discussions. Christianity is probably a large topic, so it may be that several are needed, although there are likely to be a lot of crossovers within the various ones. But, it makes a change from the threads discussing the more abstract issues of the existence of God.

My understanding of theological scholarship is that the writings of the NT were written much after the time of Jesus. So much is the perspective of Paul which influenced the development of the Church and the canon, especially in opposition to the Gnostics.

It does seem that the issue of sexuality is such an important theme in the battle for and against Christianity, which is often not acknowledged enough. Gay people often have a hard time in Catholicism in particular, as well as the topics of abortion and even contraception. There is a general puritanical slant which even forbade masturbation as sinful. This probably applies to many religions as well. Islam is particularly opposed to gay people and is also connected to the subordination of women. The political aspects of religious ideas is essential in thinking about it critically, and a lot of ideas thrive on the emotions of fear and guilt.

I am interested in both the demystification of religion as a system of ethics and in the history of ideas. To a large extent, the disentanglement of philosophy for ethics occurred in the movement of humanism.

The underlying belief system of Christianity has taken place through methods and writings from the enlightenment and science, as well as approaches in philosophy, including analytic philosophy and postmodern. I guess that while I see these as being important I am also interested in the developments within history, as well as the underlying approach of comparative religion. I am actually interested in the philosophy of religion, but more from an angle of the esoteric. Here, I have to admit some underlying sympathy with idealism, but balanced against mythical narratives.

I am not saying that I swing to a 'hardcore' idealism, but have a general leaning towards the nature of 'symbolic truths'. From my current reading, I see the history of Christian ideas being partly related to historical gender wars, and other political issues, especially in the way Christianity wiped out paganism. Of course, a literal paganism may be problematic as well, as opposed to a more symbolic approach, such as the way most writers on shamanism juxtapose imagination and the symbolic understanding of 'otherworlds'.

It does seem that there is so much out there which challenges the mainstream accounts of it. I guess that the various disagreements when I read different writers often leaves me rather confused at times. I am sure that this does apply to other religious teachings, such as Islam and Judaism. Often, I unsure to what extent it comes down to actual 'lies' or simply different interpretations, just like the way in which each person on this forum thinks from a different point of view. There may be a whole spectrum of this based partly on wishful thinking and social contexts in which one exists and has learned specific ideas.

I just began reading the thread today and smiled when I found one of the previous threads of mine on thinking about the philosophy of the Bible. It is about 2 years ago, and brought back memories of interaction on the site a couple of years ago. It seems such a long time ago and it is almost an entirely different place. It also reminded me of interaction with Amen3017 and the Madfool.

It also led me to wonder how much my thinking has changed or hasn't changed since that time. I am more into thinking more about ideas of Christianity outside the mainstream and that which is not included in the Bible. I am not saying that I was really mainstream then, but I do like to read between the gaps in the history of knowledge. I guess when we read our own and those of others on previous threads it is important in tracing one's philosophy journey. At this point, on this topic, and so many others, I am aware of so much potential worthwhile reading. Hopefully, this reading is a basis for shifts in thinking, along with ongoing reflection.

Okay, I am probably asking a lot, but my rationale is that philosophy of religion often focuses on the existence of God. This is important, but it may sidestep some of the more intricate aspects of belief, especially in relation to Christianity. From my point of view, the historical aspects of Christian teachings, which emerged in the Judaeo-Christian tradition are as pertinent, if not more than the logistics of the idea of God's existence.

Some of this may come down to scholarship, but it is likely that there are gaps here, which may reflect biases in theology, as well as the political aspects of the development of the Christian Church. This may say alot in itself, but it does make it hard to put the missing jigsaw pieces together coherently.

The difference between intuition and other means of knowledge may be hard to pin down to philosophical methods and rigour. That is because it different from rationality, which is the essential approach of philosophy, especially logic.

However, logic may be limited and the nature of judgement purely on the basis of rationality may not work entirely in the context of human understanding, which is more synthetic. As human beings, experiencing and navigating experiences there is the sensory, emotional and logical and intuition as 'inner knowledge' as a means of subjective processing of the external aspects and the objective in a meaningful way. The reliability of intuition may be how if acts as an intermediary between sensory and rational aspects, also in relation to personal emotions.

It does seem that most theories are not able to capture the nature of awareness itself, which is so complex an aspect of experience itself. The idea of 'witness' consciousness was suggested by Ken Wilber, and this can be seen as a third factor within the mind and body relationship. This nature of awareness, which goes back to Descartes' 'I', is dependent on reflection based synthesis, with language giving rise to narrative identity, including the significance of memories and ideas of potential future self as seen in the moment.

The experience of the body as object is important too. It probably takes some time before a person establishes being able to see one's body in this way. The idea of the sense of separation from the mother is meant to be an important marker. The experience of being able to see onesealf in the mirror may be a crucial point too because it enables looking at oneself in a detached way, like being able to view oneself from the outside rather than simply in the internal world of embodied experience.

The idea of self being related to embodiment is especially true and that is where the mind/body problem seems to err with some viewing mind as a 'ghost in the machine. This kind of perspective may have fading with the knowledge of neuroscience and quantum theory making the idea of mind or self as an entity appear as rather ridiculous.

The idea of the updating of self is interesting because it may not that this is not done on a conscious basis mostly. The whole dimension of social experiences, as well as the body itself may affect people so much, with there being a narcissistic element to social life. It may be difficult not to be affected by others' perceptions of oneself at all. The core basis of self may begin in early childhood, as the object-relations theorists, such as Winnicott suggest, but it goes on and on. The maintenance of a balanced sense of self, as opposed to a fragmented one in many psychiatric disorders and psychological issues is central to wellbeing.

Cassirer's perspective seems useful. Sometimes, in philosophy it seems as if the relationship between self is almost seen as an isolated cell of conscious experience whereas in actual experience it is at the centre. I remember reading GH Mead when studying sociology. I have always seen sociology as well as social psychology as essential to understanding life.

What you describe reminds me of Aldous Huxley's, 'The Doors of Perception' in which the person in a mescaline-induced state of consciousness is mesmerised and overwhelmed by aesthetic experiences. Huxley's thinking also draws upon Henri Bergson's idea of perception as a filter. If we were able to perceive all the potential stimuli on a sensory level it would be overwhelming. So, the brain filters it down in order to enable functionality on a biological level.

If anything the way human beings are expected to perform in education and especially in work, may have gone too far, in leaving out art and aesthetics. It is something which I struggle with (without being on mescaline) because I do approach life from more of an arts based perspective and find it hard to switch off from aesthetic appreciation in order to simply 'perform' at times. So, I am sometimes criticised for being a daydreamer and unable to multitask in a a time when people are being expected to perform more and more like automated robots.

However, I realise that what you are saying in your outpost is a little different because you are seeing beauty as made, including on the internet. It can be like this for people working in a free way like web site designers, or even when we are writing on this forum. However, when it is about being overseen by managers in organisations with performance goals att and aesthetics is often cast aside. The life of dopamine pleasure is strictly in one's private life and time.

I am not sure if you think that my reply makes sense, although I am unsure about what you are are trying to say in your outpost or reply to me.

Semantics aside, it does seem that enjoyment of music in its contractidory and influential happens. I love Led Zeppelin's 'Stairway to Heaven' and most "dark' music. Sometimes, the experience of the darkest, including Metallica, emo and goth, seems to give a potential for the transmutation of suffering itself, including the darkest of mental states.

The dark and the light in music is the yin and yang of experience. It involves the innermost aspects of existential philosophy. One critical aspect of this may be the lifestyles of the rock stars, and to what extent are they role models? Beyond this, the content of the music may say a lot about authenticity in the existential sense.

Some of the themes deal with the hardest aspects of human life and also reflect human lifestyles. With one foot in Catholic guilt, my own experience of lived philosophy also was connected with the values of sex, drugs and rock'n'roll. The music says so much about protest and subversion, like a reflection of postmodern decadence and a post-apocalyptic grasping for meaning in the wastelands and collapse of a broken world.

I remember when I was going to Christian youth events there was so much talk of rock music being the 'devil's music. There were people speaking about how songs played backwards had certain 'demonic' messages. In particular, if you played Led Zepellin's 'Stairway to Heaven' backwards there was a scream of 'Satan is God'.

At the time, I can recall being really worried as it conjured up so much fear. It involved so much fear of Satanism and often seemed like people were looking for Satan. Also, it may have been based on a gimmick, with bands having 666 in titles and certain letters being spelt backwards. However, I can remember a lot of people going as far as destroying certain music as though it was 'evil'. It went quite far, with even groups like Status Quo and The Beatles being viewed as 'Satanic'.

The topic goes into discussion about toilets and the trans issues. As a couple of people have pointed out already, gender neutral toilets are a possibility. Such facilities already exist in places like coffee shops, and make no binary distinctions based on genitals, appearance or chromosomes.

The question of what is a woman goes back to comments by JK Rowling and culture wars. After many successful attempts to bring acceptance of trans issues and people who don't fit into the binary, there is a current backlash. It seems to often revolve around the right of cisgender to suggest that people, mainly women, are likely to be offended, especially by people who began as male, biologically, in women's spaces.

This idea is not new because it was raised historically by lesbian feminists but it is now perpetuated by the media. It rests on an assumption that men can rape women and that a pre-op male to female could rape a female potentially. It is sometimes backed up by concerns about transwomen who have committed sexual offences, which portrays a negative stereotype of a transwoman rather like the film, 'Silence of the Lambs.'

With the current focus on 'what is a woman' in the media there is a question how far it will go in ushering in a backlash. I read recently than in South Korea there is an introduction of legislation to allow police to inspect the genitalia of transgender people in toilets by a member of the police of the person's assigned gender. There is also a lot of hostility to LGBTIQ throughout the world, so any genuine philosophy discussion needs.

The attempt to ask what is a woman, which is sexist without the equivalent one of what is a man, can become shallow if it is simply about trying to reinforce the binary. It is this strict binary division which may drive people to 'fit in' as opposed to a more critical and fluid understanding of gender stereotypes about behaviour and bodies.

The nature of consciousness may be different during sleep as opposed to absent. In particular, states of REM dreaming consciousness is present. During dreams people are aware of their own individual identity, with the narratives of experience being altered. There are degrees of depths of unconsciousness, which may show that consciousness is a spectrum, with presence and attention to outer reality being only the tip of the iceberg of awareness.

This is in accordance with Henri Bergson's suggestion of the brain as being a filter of perception. The states of awareness of waking reality, as experienced during awareness may not be the only dimensions of consciousness. The waking states, as emphasised by the philosophy of realism are a basic starting point for negotiation of experience but consciousness may not be as straightforward.

The performance aspect of gender is where biology and culture meet. It often results in an exaggeration of biological differences. It varies throughout history and geographical locations.

Currently, the media play a critical role, especially in ideals about the body and its aesthetics. It is a even a source of gender dysphoria as people are bombarded by images, including before and after images of transgender.

Stereotypes exaggerate biological differences and a clear binary divisions. It is possible to see gender in a less rigid way as a possible continuum, which was expressed in the idea of androgyny which has existed throughout human culture, long before the rise of the medical diagnosis of transsexualism and the movement of transgender and its politics.

I think you are mistaken to see transgender people as 'impersonators', meaning 'fake'. That is because as Judith Butler argued gender is performance. When it comes down to it the most definitive basis of sex is related to reproductive roles. As far as chromosomes are concerned most people make presumptions about what their chromosomes are, because unless there is a particular reason for it chromosomes are not tested. Even with genitals people make assumptions about what genitals a person has and in some cases they may be wrong.

In speaking of the cases which point to disasters like if a transwoman rapes in a female only environment it is wrong to make generalisations. The majority of people who are transgender wish to simply live their own lives. Some blend in better than others in their chosen gender which may be more about ability to 'pass'. This may be about fortune than anything else and to focus on those who don't blend in is to reinforce stereotypes about bodies.

When people point to incongruencies about appearance it does not help, as if poking fun and stigmatisation of 'abnormality'. That is because it is those stereotypical ideals which may lead people to feel that they need to change their bodies in order to express their gender identity which does not always match biological gender.

Okay, I will offer a couple of questions:
1. To what extent is humanity on the verge of totalitarianism?
2. Is AI too heavily invested in as a solution for many problems and overvalued in philosophy circles?

Does that mean that Noam Chomsky will only reply to questions which have been raised so far on this particular thread? I was coming from the angle that he would have more of a live presence like David Pearce did.

I may be expecting too much from such an important figure, so it is useful for know whether he will only look at what has been raised on the thread as I am wondering whether it will be closed, and whether a new one will be started for when he engages on the site. I was hoping that the thread here would be a starting point and that questions could emerge in relation to points which he makes.

I like weather that I can forget about, rather than weather which becomes a source of stress. At the moment, in England, it is almost June and there has been no heatwave so far. This is great because there is so much expectation of intense heat. There have been sunny days but with a wind, on account of the solar storms. At least, it feels balanced and even if I am not groaning because the English are renouned for always talking and grumbling about the weather.

I agree that theory of mind is an issue for everyone. The reason why I found it an interesting area for thinking about in the literature on autism was because it was the underlying philosophy meeting point. Also, people have such varying social skills in both empathy and in reading other people's communication clearly. It may involve aspects of reasoning and social learning.

Sorry if you think I am getting off the point. One thing which I wonder about is the understanding of autism from a philosophy point of view. When I was reading literature on autism one particular aspect which I came across was how 'theory of mind' plays an important role, with autism often involving a lack of understanding of other minds. This is seen to be an important area in working with autism. As this is a philosophy site, I am wondering whether that is useful for discussion. It is also because I am aware from previous interaction with you that you have an interest in soliptism as a philosophy. I don't know to what extent that is something which you wish to think about in relation to the issue of autism.

I am not sure to what extent, or what people, argue that it doesn't need a 'cure'. To some extent, the approach in the post above my own may be more about the medical or psychological model having limitations. There are some who probably don't take autism seriously, except in the most severe cases that is probably a bad attitude, like the way in which many psychological issues are pushed aside.

The experience individuals have individually probably vary according to the social context in which a person is living because, as with many issues, there are varying degrees of knowledge. That may include the general population and even amongst medical professionals. Even though there is a growing awareness there are plenty of people who are not familiar with the autistic spectrum and it may be partly about whether one is fortunate enough to know people who have much knowledge or familiarity with autistic people.

I partly query the concept of 'cure' alongside the post above. However, at the same time understand that people who are seen to being on the autistic spectrum experience 'problems' which need to be addressed, possibly from many different angles.

I have worked with people on the autistic spectrum in mental health settings and have seen various approaches, sometimes being used in a combined way. Some aspects may be from the biological model and some from more psychosocial interventions. Of course, there are varying degrees of autism and most of the people who I worked with were having specific problems, including psychosis or difficulties which made it difficult to function on a day to day basis. These people needed psychiatric medication for these issues. However, some of them partook in therapies, including CBT and art therapy, as well as psychology input for social skills.

Part of the issue in thinking about a 'cure' or effective form of intervention involves the consideration of what causes autism. There are some biological theories and some which are more psychosocial and it may be a mixture of factors. As everyone who is autistic is unique there may need to be individually tailored approaches. Some people with less severe autism may have gone unnoticed in the past but there has been a gradual awareness of the spectrum as a whole which means that there is growing research, but the issue may be about accessing the best possible support.

Did you manage to get the 'Cannabis Satva', combined with passiflora over the counter or did you have to buy it online. I even find it hard to get Passiflora in health shops.

The inclusion of Passiflora is interesting because it has mild hallucinogenic properties. On one occasion, I think that I really noticed this. Although I am inclined to borderline sleep experiences, I had an intense experience of seeing white light a couple of years ago. It was a positive experience rather than a negative one.

If you only took one tablet of CBD it would be unlikely to do very much because most antidepressants take about 2 weeks to work. I took a fairly low strength and it may have taken a much higher dose to be effective, but CBD capsules are very expensive. Also, I have read that they are possibly bad for the liver. At this stage, there may be not enough evidence based research.

Before I was on a regular antidepressants I used to try a lot of over the counter medications and it was hit and miss. I did try St John's Wort and found they did make me feel less depressed but they gave me insomnia. They can give sunlight sensitivity and are dangerous to mix with some other medications, especially antidepressants.

Despite being on antidepressants I still have difficulty sleeping and it was for that reason that I tried CBD. I do often use over the counter sleeping tablets and I have found the herb passiflora which I have found worked quite well.

There was a brief time in Camden where you could get some cannabis products which were quite powerful in some cafes. I once had some cannabis cake and was tripping for several hours. But, shortly afterwards the cafe was shut down. I did take some legal highs from headshots before they were made illegal. I didn't have any problems with what I took but I think there were some really dodgy ones around because I knew a couple of people who got really sick, including someone who ended up in an intensive care unit after smoking some smokeable incense. I have heard of a recent craze of inhaling gas from gas balloons which sounds potentially dangerous.

It may be simpler if cannabis was legalized, especially as there may be more quality control rather than people having to go to dealers. One of the reasons why it may not happen is because there is all the concern about drug induced psychosis and dual diagnosis. Different people get such different effects. When I used to smoke it I did not get psychotic but I did see a lot of visual imagery on the borderline of sleep, especially if I was listening to music. I liked this though because the imagery was a source of inspiration for art work.

I tried some CBD capsules and didn't notice any effects at all. However, mine came from a health shop. It is possible that some have practically no CBD at all. That is what makes it a potential hype.

I have read that there is current research on microdosing on cannabis and other psychedelics for depression. I wouldn't mind taking part in a clinical trial but I would probably need to discuss this with my GP, who would probably say, 'No'.

[reply="Changeling;805226"
I definitely like Underworld, as well as psychedelic dance music, like Orbital and the Ozric Tentacles. I also recommend Daft Punk, especially their last album, 'Random Access Memories'.

It may be that it is hard to find ideas which do not occur in relation to ideas that have gone before. There is the question of how Infinite are aspects of thoughts, images and concepts, to make them so exclusive as to have never been tapped into by any other minds. Thoughts and ideas may evolve, be recycled and occur in crossovers of conceptual thinking. The basic mythical structures may remain and be brought forth in new innovations.

The ongoing aspects of innovation may be essential to creativity and philosophical possibilities. Without this there may be a crisis of culture, equivalent to that of ecology and climate change. The loss of potential original ideas may signify what the postmodernists describe as the 'end of history', as history is not just facts but the underlying framework of interpretation, which is an ongoing conceptual and mythical narrative in the making.

That's fantastic as he is such an important thinker. I haven't written on the forum for a while as I have a broken elbow but I hope to be able to interact with Chomsky.

I am not convinced that the distinction between the fields of thought are simple because while people do have contradictions, there may be overlaps. For example, I see a link between the ideas of determinism, Dennett's 'consciousness as an illusion' and a rejection of the importance of 'inner reality'. That is because such ideas may lead to an emphasis on the external world and people being seen almost as machines or robots. Also, such a viewpoint is compatible with some kinds of neo-totalitarianism, with the possibility of people competing for performance.

Even within physics there are different perspectives on religion and on politics. The aspects of the political within science may come down to competing political angles amongst scientists and of funding of projects at higher levels of power structures.

I am not sure that I really experienced much of a sense of 'grace' when I lived a 'religious life'. I used to go to Christian Union as a student and feel so 'different' from most of those around me. I was a bit taken aback by the way in which people were so opposed to other religious perspectives outside of Christianity and it does sound as you saw parallel ideas of other notions of God. I guess that I just didn't end up 'losing my religion' (great song by REM) in such a clear cut way. I have had many shifts and still experience them, but with more of an interest in comparative religion, but also with the whole area of interaction between spirituality and religion. Philosophy seems to fit into that as a foundation for rational examination of ideas and arguments.

The Sophists definitely saw winning arguments as essential. So, I sometimes think about that when reading some threads on this site, and I am sure that is how it is in many circles of philosophy.

I see what you mean about areas such as metaphysics, logic and epistemology not being political intrinsically. Nevertheless, such ideas may be used politically, especially with metaphysical ideas such as belief in God and life after death being used for political ends. However, it may be that genuine philosophy exploration is able to go beyond underlying political agendas and values.

As far as the interaction between philosophy and experience it may be complicated because although knowledge is not based on experience it may affect interpretation. For example, it was difficult experiences, including 2 friends committing suicide, which led me to question and question religion in a way which I had never done before. Of course, it is possible that I was getting to the point of questioning anyway and that experience simply speeded this up. I know that you got to the point of questioning while you were still at school when you gave up 'God' for lent. But, was the decision based simply on the basis of the rationality alone, or irrationally of the idea of God?

I guess that the use of the term and approach to it is so variable, ranging from the academic to the popular. In the tradition of Plato it may have been more about self-knowledge. That is not to say that many who approach disregard self-knowledge and the understanding of the nature of reality. However, the outer aspects of philosophy may be more about the ability to persuade and to offer credible and valid arguments. In that sense, philosophy can become almost a competition of power.

This may not be all that plurality involves but it does involve the politics of philosophy. That is in addition to the many possibilities of constructing worldviews, and all the many different angles and rational constructed arguments.

I am glad that you recognise the way in which construction of views is based on social and political factors. This probably occurs in many unconscious ways, with people having different ways of realising or acknowledging such biases and various prejudices which may come into play.

The cultural climate varies historically and geographically. It is also linked to the role of academic institutions, such as the general changes in allegiance to worldviews. In the light of science, postmodernism and other influences like existentialism and science, there may be a void. It may be that it is here that so much is seen as fictive, as a background for the emergence of 'post-truth'.

I am not sure that it matters entirely whether the term pluralism or relativism are used because it is about competing perspectives. Thinking about it more, the way I see it is that truth, reason or understanding are based on experience. This does depend on knowledge but there is a political dimension to this. Within social science and cultural studies there is recognition of intersectionality which involves social and categories as aspects of this, which affect perception of this. Of course, each person is a unique person in an ongoing process of structuring a philosophy outlook but intersectionality is likely to have some bearing on this.