Predicational judgement is one kind of conceptual discernment, and the perception one uses to draw shapes without making use of prior knowledge of objects like trees and tables is another kind of conceptual discernment. — Joshs

But what is the difference?

I don’t see the application of discernment as optional. Since all perception is conceptually driven, expectations guide even the simplest sort of visual perception, ‘filling in’ for and enriching the paucity of data one receives from the visual field. — Joshs

So again, how is this not predication? If you have expectations, you expect that x is y, or some variant of that.

It’s an interesting point, but a thing and its behaviors are one and the same. It’s impossible to take your eye off one in order to observe the other. There does appear to be a sort of being/behavior dualism, perhaps the result of splitting the two into subject/predicate for the purpose of language.
5h — NOS4A2

You're saying language divides objects from their behavior, but this produces a misconception. So if we used language to describe what's really going on, would we be spouting nonsense?

Let's try. Describe how you drank coffee, but do so in a way that I won't become delusional. Is it that:

I am the drinking of the coffee.
The driving of the car drove me to work.
The sitting at the desk typing stupid shit in my phone, typed stupid shit on my phone.
The loving of philosophy has loved the philosophy. This is awesome.

I draw and paint also, so I understand what you’re saying about the shift in stance that is required to ‘paint what we see’ rather than our linguistic concepts. But I beleive that all perception is conceptual, so when I am trying to ‘survey my visual field without judgement about what the objects are’, I am still using a kind of conceptual judgement. — Joshs

How is conceptual judgment different from predication? You said predication was tacked onto perception, but it sounds like you've got them happening simultaneously.

BTW, I know that any description of the visual field will be organized by ideas. My point was that the visual field itself is not driving conclusions about identification. That involves the application of discernment. Call it proto-predication.

My point was that , while figures must emerge from some sort of ground, we wouldn’t be able to see anything at all if either the figure or its ground remained purely unchanging. For instance, our pupils must oscillate continually in order to perceive a constant visual image. As soon as the eye is immobilized the visual field vanishes. Perception seeks to construct relative stabilities, not pure unchaningness. — Joshs

That may be, but as you drive down the road, you're not usually aware that the road is actually moving 1000 miles per hour as the earth turns. That would be something you'd realize via your intellect. It's a pretty sophisticated thought.

But prior to the use of predication, perception handles recognition and likeness. — Joshs

Just to make sure we're on the same page, I'd like to relate a story:

I draw and paint, so I'm used to surveying my visual field without judgement about what the objects are. Those judgments interfere because it's like my brain already knows what a tree looks like, and it wants my hand to draw that stock image instead of what's actually in front of me. I divorce identity from perception and all I see is shapes, light and dark, a cascade of colors.

Once while doing this, it occurred to me to wonder what in my visual field tells me that this is a tree. It was one of the biggest philosophical moments of my life when I realized the answer was: nothing. There is nothing in those sights and sounds that says: "tree." I realized that tree is an organizing idea. It's not something I learned about through sense data. The idea of the tree is like an invisible nucleus with orbiting properties. This is all phenomenology. I'm not explaining how the world really is, but just how I experience it. So all I can say is that I don't recognize, detect likeness, etc. through sensation, but maybe you do? Or did I misunderstand what you meant by "perception"?

I think what you're saying is that we choose a frame of reference and declare a certain spot to be unchanging (like the horizon). I agree that we do this reflexively, but the awareness that fiat is involved is purely intellectual. There's nothing in perception that lets us know that the horizon isn't really stationary.

Is it really the preservation of pure identity over time that we need in order to benefit from a concept of truth, or is it inferential compatibility, the understandability of something on the basis of recognizability, likeness and harmony with respect to something else? — Joshs

Predication handles recognition, likeness, etc. The way predication works is that the potentially transient properties of an object are specified. The object has to be held as unchanging relative to the properties.

For instance when I say the wax has melted, the wax has to be temporally stable. If it's not, then the wax has ceased to exist. Therefore it can't have melted.

Does this question really need an answer? — Apustimelogist

YES DAMMIT! Just kidding. It probably doesn't need an answer.

One of the side issues with seeing entities as aggregates is the way we pick out what it is that "contains' the parts. It could be:

1. innate (since we know navigation capability is innate to some extent, maybe the ability to divide the world up in a certain way is also innate).

2. Socially mediated (for some things maybe)

3. Because Plato was right and we're perceiving particular manifestations of Forms :grimace: )


Other possibilities? @apokrisis is right that this is a thesis, antithesis, synthesis situation.

that is problematic. Again, what might it be for a mind to grasp a number, apart from being able to count to it, add it, or halve it? — Banno

Numbers have significance apart from counting, for instance there are four gospels in the Bible because there were four elements. Four is a symbol of the earth because there are four directions. Most people in my world know what 666 means, and so in.

This doesn't diminish your point, that numbers are used, just that counting isn't all they're used for.

The coherence and unity of the assemblage do not stem from an underlying, intelligible principle but from the regularity in the dispersion of the system of discursive elements themselves. — Number2018

I think that coherence comes first from emotions. You don't grieve the death of an assemblage. It's that unique person you miss.

Yes, it is interesting. Deleuze developed the concept of an open whole. It refers to a dynamic and ever-evolving whole, where the parts are interconnected in a "rhizomatic" manner. The free and continuous interaction of various processes drives the unfolding of their relationships. This approach eliminates the need for an external, transcendent organizing principle, suggesting that the system's organization emerges from within. — Number2018

That's cool. For the mind, the organizing principle is meaning: the need to find it.

There's an interesting idea that the relationship between the parts and whole can be an unfolding evolution, like the way each of the words in this sentence takes on meaning relative to the purpose of the whole, but the sentence rolls on without restrictions beyond the imperative to make some kind of sense, and even the author may not know how it ends until it does. Sentences that are used to try to convey this idea are usually long and drawn out. :grin:

A pre-given whole necessarily subjects all agents and relationships to the effects of its unity. — Number2018

What are the effects of its unity?

Maybe it's just us then.

Now, the deflationist might say: "hey, no worries, we just pragmatically decide where different substances start and end." Now, this might very well be what you do in some cases, based on practical concerns, but this seems pretty weak as a philosophy (not to mention totally at odds with common sense and how science, with all its focus on classifications, is actually done) . For one, it leaves you with no grounds for deciding how the sciences should be organized, because now there is no per se predication and no essential identities. — Count Timothy von Icarus

But this is about how we choose to see the world, right? That's more apparent when we look at the moral dimensions of it. Do we want to identify people by their behavior? Joe is a drug addict. That's all there is to him. That's a common way of seeing people, but it's dehumanizing, which is a reminder that a person is a well of potential.

Well, you can talk about the "behavior" of the species' genes in response to various tests, etc. However, note that such a view will tend to dissolve any notion of species in the first place. — Count Timothy von Icarus

Right. I was trying to explain that behavior reflects the way a thing interacts with it's environment. For that reason, it's not good to fuse thing and behavior. It's potentially unhelpful anyway.

But precisely because there can, in some very real sense, be no counterargument to functionalism, no counterexample, there ought to be a niggling doubt, such as I have nursed for a long time. Ralph and Sam, striding through philosophy with their functionalist hammers for years, and one day Ralph says, "Hey Sam. You ever notice that the world is full of nails? That there's nothing but nails? That's funny, isn't it?" — Srap Tasmaner

Say the scientist is talking about convergent evolution where mammals and fish have evolved the same phenotype in response the same conditions (like dolphins and sharks). She needs to be able to easily distinguish mammals from fish in some way other than behavior. The easiest way to distinguish them would be by genetic lineage, which is already handled in the scientific names for the animals. This is not a counter argument. It's just an example of why we don't generally categorize animals by behavior.

We live in a dynamic time. It is not my original thought but I think that rates of change between generations are different for different people in different circumstances. — Paine

Yep

would think so. I remember my grandmother saying that culture no longer made sense to her—she was a fundamentalist Christian born in the 1890s. The moon landing and the hippie movement shook her reality. In the 1980s, my father made a similar observation during the time of glasnost — Tom Storm

Exactly. She must have lived every day feeling like she didn't recognize the world.

Now, I find myself telling young colleagues that I no longer have a clear understanding of where I stand on culture or politics, and I hope they can make sense of it all. I suspect this feeling of disconnection is one of the defining phenomena of modernity. — Tom Storm

I feel the same way. I'm just not engaged with it. I just can't make sense of it.

So true!

If someone were to craft such an argument, that person should be regarded as being very intelligent, and noble. That person should be awarded the logical equivalent to the Fields medal. It would be one of humanity's most resounding moral victories over ignorance and superstition. Something like that would have enormous value. It would be at the level of Beethoven's Ode to Joy. — Arcane Sandwich

But the force of that argument would be logic. The point of the evil demon argument is that it's possible to doubt logic.

all I can say is that it would bring me much mental comfort, if I could just see an elegant argument, preferably in ordinary language, that shows how it would be impossible (in the modal sense) for demons to exist. — Arcane Sandwich

You'd have to show that it's a contradiction. I don't think it is.

Do you want the honest answer, or some bullshit? — Arcane Sandwich

Honesty is fine.

See, this is what I'm saying. We need the modal equivalent to Moore's hand argument in order to refute claims like that. "Maybe such and such ..." Well it depends on what such and such is, in each case. Maybe I was tricked by a demon? No, demons don't exist. Why not? Here's a hand, mate, ask a scientist.

Does that do anything for you, or should I excuse myself on the way out? — Arcane Sandwich

I don't need more certainty than what comes naturally. I'm fine with the possibility that I've been tricked by a demon. Why do you need to conquer that doubt?

As if one might have a large language model without a large language. — Banno

Maybe you were tricked by a demon.

What do you mean by that, frank? I mean, in relation to the topic of Mathematical Platonism, formalism, and ontology? I don't get it. Can you explain it to me like I'm simple-minded? — Arcane Sandwich

I just meant physicists and philosophers can claim whatever they like. The idea of rights isn't needed.

There are no restrictions on what a person can claim unless it's a religious environment and people are executed for saying the wrong thing.

This is just an example of how people will desperately cling to the politician promising better times as they had before and turn away from the ones trying to make a realist effort on how to something when the change is permanent. — ssu

True.

All there is, is behavior. — Srap Tasmaner

You started with the concept of a duck though.

He actually used the very word "scientism" in a positive, unabashed, unapologetic way. And that, quite frankly, is awe-inspiring. — Arcane Sandwich

Was he gainfully employed?

Oh. When I asked if the problem driving contemporary populism was systemic, I was asking if it's actually a problem with democracy.

That's one of my disagreements with Bunge, he saw nothing but trash in Kripke's works. — Arcane Sandwich

Bunge doesn't sound like the brightest bulb in the pack.

Right. Your table is a rigid designator.

If you place any credence in critical theory, then all problems are systemic — Pantagruel

Does that mean the only solution to any problem is revolution?

Engels argues as much, when he talks about the ability to completely optimize economic realities, if only we can produce with consciousness as human beings "not as dispersed atoms without consciousness of your species." Whereby you transcend the problems of all "artificial and untenable antitheses." (from his Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy) — Pantagruel

Napoleon said organize by function if you want to kick ass. Competing priorities?

Laclau’s project is an attempt to rethink contemporary spontaneous political movements and collective action. — Number2018

I think what he says does apply to what happened in the Southeast in the late 1890s. Collective dissatisfaction in the South finally gave way to Jim Crow laws, which were supposed to reestablish some lost glory from the past.

I don't know how to assess MAGA. I feel like I'm too close to it. It's easier to construct a narrative when it's something that happened in the past.

There isn't actually any reason why mainstream parties could respond to the what people who vote for populists ask — ssu

Trump promised a return to the 1960s when there was job security. The US has since deindustrialized, so there's no way to go back.

Sure. So populism is essentially a symptom of the deficiencies of the existing system of governance. — Pantagruel

Is the problem systemic? Or is it just a particular set of circumstances? I lean toward blaming neoliberalism and its built in neglect of the well being of Main St. I feel like that's probably simplistic though.

So the underlying concrete problem is addressed by a coalition of billionaires who don't like to pay their workers. Does this make populism a corruption of reason? Or is Maga not a genuine form of populism? — Pantagruel

My point was that populism is what happens when there are no solutions and the unrest is just spinning it's wheels.

What is the underlying "rationally and contextually situated request" — Pantagruel

Mostly reliable employment I think.

The original Populists were late 19th century Southern politicians who responded to the widespread plea from small farmers for price fixing to stabilize their positions. Some of the Populist politicians let it be known they had no intention of asking Washington for that. They were just using the unrest to secure their power. Events like this fed a sense of hopelessness which led to race baiting and the infamous Southern demagogues.

I think populism is a two edged sword. It's just democracy in action in some ways. It's people letting their voices be heard. The problem is there are no solutions available for whatever reason. That's really the situation. The slow brewing sense if instability eventually spills over into racial and religious intolerance. Yes, the politicians who thrive in this environment are villains, but the real issue is a lack of solutions.

The specific philosophy of mathematics that resonates the most with me is Mario Bunge's specific brand of mathematical fictionalism. He says that the number 3, for example, is just a brain process. And the same hold for every other abstract concept: from a humble number, to a tautology, to a scientific hypothesis, to a scientific theory, all of them are brain processes, but we feign that they exist as "autonomous ideas", as it were. — Arcane Sandwich

What we could do is just use the concept of abstract objects as a placeholder. One day we might understand it better. Maybe it will turn out that Bunge is correct. Until we have a testable theory, all we have is biases.

The reasons for such dismal numbers for males range from high alcohol consumption and smoking to poor healthcare and hygiene habits to dangerous driving and risky behaviors.

So Russian men basically party full blast until they die. Is that a cultural thing?

Typically, offices have rules concerning sexual harassment, not so much about having sex there, let alone promoting it. ( — jorndoe

I would be fired on the spot for having sex at work.