We understand how the properties of particles that we are aware of give rise to the macro properties.  Physical properties like liquidity, as well as physical processes like flight. There is no macro property that is not, ultimately, due to properties of the micro, even if we don't think about it that way.
— Patterner

That's true. The problem is that physics defines itself in such a way that it cannot recognize anything else. So friendship, love, hatred, tyranny, democracy cannot occur in a theory in physics. One can sometimes "reduce" things to physics, like the aurora borealis or heat. But the beauty of the aurora borealis is not reduced, but eliminated, and there is an argument about whether heat is the motion of molecules or a sensation, which is not something that can be recognized in thermodynamics. That doesn't resolve the problem, but perhaps does something to explain why it exists. — Ludwig V

If I understand physical reductionists (and that's an "if", and I guess not all agree with each other), physics' recognition of the things you mention is irrelevant. The physical events - which we think of in terms of neurons and brain structures, but which are ultimately reducible to particles movements and interactions - would still take place without our awareness. And our awareness doesn't add anything, because awareness has no causal ability. It's all physics.

I that's correct, the question is, why do we have this awareness that accomplishes nothing? Why would evolution have selected for it?

Hi everyone.  This is my first post, and I thought a disclaimer would be a good idea.  I think consciousness is the most fascinating thing there is.  We are the universe waking up to itself!  (Maybe it's the very beginning of a process of one consciousness that encompasses the entire universe.  I know, I know. Lol.  But I like fantasy/sci-fi. Once the Borg get involved...)  I have a good deal of trouble reading about it, because I have no background in these things.  It gets complicated pretty quickly, and I'm soon lost.  So I have to look things up, often things I've already looked up, even multiple times.  And I try another book, hoping for an easier approach.  Which means I've read the beginnings of a lot of books.
But I keep going back, to one after another, and try to get a but further. Bit by bit, perhaps I'm getting there.

This is a pretty big thread, and I've only read the first couple pages.  But I wanted to address this post. My apologies if it's all covered later in the thread.

I'll ask you the same as I ask everyone who asks this question...

Why does any of this constitute or necessitate subjective awareness. or consciousness, or the capacity to experience?"
— bert1

... What would an answer look like? Give me an example answer. It's doesn't have to be the right answer, just an example of what sort of thing would satisfy you.

Like if I said "no one has yet answered the question of what is 567,098,098 * 45,998,087" I could clearly tell you what sort of thing I would accept as an answer - I'm expecting some big number - even though I don't know what that number is. Without that framework, I don't see how I could possibly claim that no-one's answered the question yet.

So what's the sort of thing you'd be satisfied with? If I went into my lab tomorrow, had a really good look at some brains, and came back to and said "Brain activity requires consciousness because..." What would you accept? — Isaac

I don’t think the question is: What answer will we accept?  I think the question is: What have you got?  
In What is it like to be a bat?, Nagel says:

It is not captured by any of the familiar, recently devised reductive analyses of the mental, for all of them are logically compatible with its absence.

At https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.767612/full, Peter D. Kitchener and Colin G. Hales say:

The approach the majority of neuroscientists take to the question of how consciousness is generated, it is probably fair to say, is to ignore it. Although there are active research programs looking at correlates of consciousness, and explorations of informational properties of what might be relevant neural ensembles, the tacitly implied mechanism of consciousness in these approaches is that it somehow just happens.

According to these two quotes, physicalist/materialist/materially reductivist (What term is currently being used?) approaches do not address consciousness, and they explain things nicely without it.  That seems like an important question to me - Why is it happening at all?  If behavior is the result of stimulus & response, even vastly complex webs of S&R, then what use is any awareness of it all, or qualia?  There are machines that can differentiate frequencies of the visible light spectrum to much greater detail than we can, and perform actions based on which frequency they are detecting at any given moment.  There can also be other criteria involved in figuring out which action to take.  

But they don't experience red, and they aren't thinking about what they're going to do.  They just do it, mechanically.  What value is our awareness of, and preferences for, certain perceptions and responses if we are going to respond to all stimulus mechanically anyway? If our awareness of and feelings about anything don't matter, then why do they exist? Why would evolution have selected them?

But none of that answers your question.  I don't know what kind of answer would be satisfactory.  I don't know that we could distinguish a good answer from a bad one.  The problem is hinted at as Peter D. Kitchener and Colin G. Hales continue:

This reliance on a “magical emergence” of consciousness does not address the “objectively unreasonable” proposition that elements that have no attributes or properties that can be said to relate to consciousness somehow aggregate to produce it.

In How to Create a Mind, Ray Kurzweil said:

Although chemistry is theoretically based on physics and could be derived entirely from physics, this would be unwieldy and infeasible in practice, so chemistry has established its own rules and models. Similarly, we should be able to deduce the laws of thermodynamics from physics, but once we have a sufficient number of particles to call them a gas rather than simply a bunch of particles, solving equations for the physics of each particle interaction becomes hopeless, whereas the laws of thermodynamics work quite well. Biology likewise has its own rules and models. A single pancreatic islet cell is enormously complicated, especially if we model it at the level of molecules; modeling what a pancreas actually does in terms of regulating levels of insulin and digestive enzymes is considerably less complex.

We understand how the properties of particles that we are aware of give rise to the macro properties.  Physical properties like liquidity, as well as physical processes like flight. There is no macro property that is not, ultimately, due to properties of the micro, even if we don't think about it that way.

It does not seem reasonable that consciousness would be an exception. The exception.  The mystery is, if the micro properties are not any we are aware of, what are they?  But we can't answer that.  We aren't aware of what we aren't aware of.  And we can't study what we can't study.  If the answer is some kind of panpsychism or panprotopsychism, we can't detect it with any of our senses or devices we've invented to expand our senses. If it was, possible, we'd be studying it, and it would be part of the laws of physics. (Not sure I've worded that very well. But you folks have been dealing with all this far longer than I have, and probably know what I mean.)

If consciousness does not arise from the physical properties we know, and it does not arise from something like panprotopsychism (and I'm sure many here do not believe it does), then what?

Well, I've probably rambled on more than I should have. I only said a couple basic things, but I said them with a lot of words. I sometimes do that. :D If I get any responses, I will likely not understand a good deal of what they're saying. But I'll try.