• Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    Is the continued existence of Hamas actually in Israel's interests, or at least the more colonialist strand in Israeli politics? Hamas violence can be a 'justification' or at least a distraction from settlement and annexation.
  • Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    Yeah. 'Attack' seems a much more apt term.
  • Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    It strikes me as odd that countries invading others outside their borders is frequently, perhaps always, referred to as 'defence'. In chess, attacks are attacks and defence is defence.
  • Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    annihilation of Hamasmagritte

    Do you not think Israel is guaranteeing the survival of Hamas in some form? I wonder if Hamas can only be permanently stopped by a police force within a functioning Palestinian state. Not that I think Hamas is the most pressing problem.
  • Poll: Evolution of consciousness by natural selection
    Obviously there's lots of things the poll could have been but wasn't. The point is it's a perfectly good poll. For example, it didn't capture my position, which is that no causes are physical. But the framing of the question is interesting on its own terms and I picked the closest option.
  • Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    I was genuinely confused as to who you meant! Sorry, maybe it's obvious.
  • Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    "Double standard" anybody?neomac

    Who has the double standard?
  • Dualism and Interactionism
    Most contemporary philosophers of mind employ a Cartesian conceptual space in which reality is (at least potentially) divided into res extensa and res cogitans.Dfpolis

    Really? How contemporary is contemporary? Most people are monists these days, no?
  • The universe is cube shaped
    Love the OP. This is what philosophy should be. Planck cubes? Are we living in Mincecraft?
  • What creates suffering if god created the world ?
    I think the idea is that suffering goes along, necessarily, with differentiation. And creating a world is nothing other than differentiation, so that one bit of space if different from another. Only when there are other things can something impinge on you from outside, like an earthquake or other person.
  • Why is the Hard Problem of Consciousness so hard?
    To me, too. I'm just stating the case for the other side, and asking how it worksPatterner

    Oh I see, that makes sense. Sorry I haven't been following closely.
  • Why is the Hard Problem of Consciousness so hard?
    Behavior is explained by the physical.Patterner

    Is it though? I do things because of the way I feel, it seems to me. So we have the problem of overdetermination. A topic for another thread I think. I still have to catch up on a paper @fdrake wants me to read though, so I'll do that first.
  • Why is the Hard Problem of Consciousness so hard?
    I;d say it has been explained.FrancisRay

    I broadly agree, with caveats. There's still a bunch of questions left over with my view. I'm interested though, what explanation do you favour?
  • Why is the Hard Problem of Consciousness so hard?
    Right now we don't know how a bachelor could be a married man, but that doesn't mean we won't discover it in the future.
  • "Why I don't believe in God" —Greta Christina
    Is there anything you'd like to discuss about this? Or should this be in the lounge?
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    Sure, that's fair enough, and on topic for this thread.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    OK, it seems like your view is a stipulative definition, rather than a theory of something we already agree the is the referent of the term 'consciousness'.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    sleepingCorvus

    What about when dreaming?
  • Why isn't there a special page for solipsists?
    I have no memory of writing all this. Note to self - practise memory games.
  • God & Christianity Aren’t Special
    @Mikie I think some softer liberal wishy-washy Christians would agree with you. They think all the God stuff is true, but recognise that the imagery and vocabulary they approach the matter with are culturally relative.
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    The scientific view is that organisms zombies display intelligence and behavioural autonomy because they use semiotic codes to construct a “selfish” or enactive modelling relation with their worlds. That is what can be seen plainly written into the structure of their nervous systems. It is not a mystery.apokrisis
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    The substantiated position is that consciousness is not empirically observable and you insist that it be defined in an empirically measurable way to be taken into consideration in the first placejavra

    This characterises a lot of debate on consciousness. Some people really want a functionalist definition, the trouble is that isn't what is meant. If we start with a non-functionalist definition then we have a problem built-in (whether it's 'hard' or not) - how to get structural and functional concepts (which are the currency of scientific discourse) to connect to a definition which does not specify any structure and function. It's much easier if we start with quantifiable and measurable concepts that are amenable to scientific enquiry.
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    He also wrote a history of the subject that I found useful - like, who's who in the zoo.Wayfarer

    Just reading that now. It's very interesting and easy to read and understand. Many thanks for the link. Might help me understand Apo better. I read a Pattee article as well which was easy to follow too.
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    Definitions are given. You can't choose them. Not in a conversation.
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    All definitions are capable if being wrong as they all may incorrectly describe usage. On the other hand, some hypotheses are not falsìiable except by empirical investigation. Is that what you mean?
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    What is a counterfactual definition?
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    Apo thinks:

    A system, typically a brain, is conscious iff it creates a model of it's environment it uses to make predictions. Consciousness is the action or function of doing this.
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    What's so hard to understand here?apokrisis

    Your views. Thanks for explaining further.
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    I was just asking, because I'm interested, if you intended your statement to be chiefly conceptual, or emprical, or something else. I can't quite see an answer to that. You don't have to answer if you don't want to of course. I didn't intend to go on about the hard problem again, although no doubt I will again at some point.
  • Nice little roundup of the state of consciousness studies
    At best, consciousness = attention + reporting.apokrisis

    Are you offering this more as a definition or a theory? Or perhaps more of a conceptual clarification (which I guess is closer to definition)? Or something else?
  • Insect Consciousness
    When we speak of pain and joy, are speaking of any other consciousness than human consciousness? No. Sharks have shark physiology. Insects have insect physiology. It’s an anthropomorphic mistake to assume they feel the same.NOS4A2

    The claim is not that they feel the same kinds of things as humans necessarily, it's that they feel something at all. Insects are conscious, but they feel insecty things.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    I presume that minimal "experience"*1 means to sense (to be affected by) incoming energy/information . And ultimately perhaps to make sense (meaning) of that data.Gnomon

    I think that presumption is wrong in the context of panpsychism. I suspect that's not what most panpsychists mean.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    Is the word "experiential" in this usage, a metaphor for conscious human subjective experience? Or does he really believe that atoms are literally aware of their environment?Gnomon

    I haven't read it, but from what you quote it's almost certainly literal. Panpsychists literally think that, in some sense or other, everything is conscious.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    Many thanks fdrake. That looks like a very interesting paper. I'll process it and reply. Hopefully soon.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    If pressed, the best I can say is there is thinking.Tom Storm

    Identity aside, we can be sure that there is consciousness. I don't particularly like Descartes' formulation.

    Common sense - which may be more useful than philosophy - tells me I am conscious. But so what?Tom Storm

    It's a datum that must be accounted for in any complete worldview. Hence the hard problem. How do we fit it in? Can we start with structure and function and get consciousness out of that? If not, what do we do? Do we have to add it into the starting conditions? That's typically the panpsychist position.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    Interested in why you strongly disagree with consciousness being a cluster concept. There seem to be a lot of types of conscious states that have radically different qualities, but we'd call all of them conscious. That to me connotes approaching the idea as a fuzzy unity of overlapping things, which can be disambiguated as needed based on the context. In my mind that's a cluster concept.fdrake

    It would be a cluster concept if none of those 'types of conscious states' had one essential defining feature. But they do. They're all phenomenally conscious in the sense that there's something it is like to be in them. That said, if one of them doesn't have the the feature of phenomenal consciousness (say, a robot (or zombie or whatever) creating a model of the world it can use to make predictions 'in the dark'), then it's not a conscious state in that sense. Phenomenal consciousness picks out exactly one feature/property and one feature only, the presence of which is essential to the definition. That sense of 'consciousness' isn't a cluster concept.
  • Is consciousness present during deep sleep?
    Yes, I think consciousness is present in deep sleep. But:

    Because if we completely lacked consciousness, then loud noises would not wake us up.Art48

    I don't think that's persuasive. The objcetion would presumably be that the brain remains receptive to some stimuli, and then on receipt of something sufficiently significant then more processes are started up.

    A: Consider first when we have local anesthesia, as when the dentist does a root canal. It is obvious that we are conscious. We do not feel the pain because the anesthesia prevents the pain signals from reaching consciousness. It’s possible when under a general anesthesia during surgery, the situation is the same: consciousness is present but the pain signals (as well as loud noises) are not reaching consciousness.Art48

    That's interesting. I hadn't considered that before.

    My own current view is that consciousness is always present, but psychological identity perhaps isn't. During deep sleep there are no memories, values, desires etc. The patient ceases to exist as a psychological entity. That might be consistent with your second point, I'm not sure. What I think can't happen is that consciousness 'turns off' (like a computer shutting down) and then boots up again. That would entail consciousness being a vague concept, and I don't think it is.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    I'd guess the following style of inference would work for it:

    "What behaviours must an entity exhibit that renders consciousness the most plausible explanation for them?"

    That's an ampliative inference - fallible, non-deductive. Sometimes called inference to the best explanation.
    fdrake

    Yes, I agree in general. However I wasn't asked for arguments, I was asked for evidence, and that's what I want this thread to be primarily about. And it may be a short thread as a result. Regarding the substantive issues about the nature of consciousness, arguments and analysis do a hell of a lot more useful work than evidence does.

    Anyway, from the responses I'm not sure there's much of an issue. It does seem like we need definitions and theories in order to determine what we admit as evidence.

    Can you give me an example of theory neutral evidence?Tom Storm

    I'm not sure I can. There may be no such thing, unless it is the world at large, which any true theory must be consistent with. Thoughts on this are very welcome. The one bit of theory neutral-evidence I can think of is exactly related to consciousness, and that is the insight that I am conscious. That thought has minimal content. The more complex the observation, or perception about the world, the more theory-laden it becomes, perhaps. For example, observing condensation on a window is theory-laden. Even observing water on the inside of a window is theory-laden - you're assuming it's water.

    So perhaps the punchline here is: we should allow theory-laden evidence. It's no problem. So if I say the evidence for panpsychism is anything at all happening, that's OK. I haven't done an illegal move. But that evidence is not at all persuasive, as it is prima-facie consistent with non-panpsychist views as well. What a panpsychist needs is not evidence of panpsychism, there's an overabundance of that, but a priori reasons for taking panpsychism seriously as a theoretical competitor with more popular theories that also purport to explain the same body of evidence. And arguments are indeed what panpsychists offer. When justifying their view panpsychists make arguments, they don't say "There is no matter that isn't doing something, therefore panpsychism." They make arguments such as the argument from the non-vagueness of consciousness, or the argument from parsimony, or the argument from idealism, or whatever.

    Further, no behaviour strictly entails any internal state absent a background theory which fills in the gaps.fdrake

    Yes, that seems right.

    the concept is likely a cluster concept (also see here).fdrake

    I strongly disagree with this! Or at least, if this is true, we as philosophers of consciousness are fucked. Cluster-fucked you might say. It seems clear to me that consciousness is not a single cluster concept, but one word with several distinct meanings. A topic in itself perhaps and well worth a thread if someone can be arsed.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    In short, we would need to arrive at a minimum criterion for what counts as consciousness, such that any and all candidates under consideration which meet that minimum criterion could be sensibly called "conscious"...creativesoul

    Right. That's pretty much the conclusion I came to, I think. So we need a definition, or theory, to guide what we are looking for. And then the stuff we find when looking constitutes evidence. Is that right?

    So to take your "The ability to draw meaningful correlations between different things," I think is your definition/concept/theory of consciousness. And then if something, say ChatGPT, appears to draw meaningful correlations between things, then that is evidence that it is conscious. Am I following you?

    Thank you for trying to tackle the question directly.
  • What constitutes evidence of consciousness?
    How do you think these 8 points sit with identifying panpsychism?Tom Storm

    Oh it's a disaster for panpsychism!

    Great post from fdrake though, many thanks.