Naturalism as I understand it embraces the idea that the comprehensive experience of cognition/thought is a feature of the universe, versus any kind of eliminativism or reductionism. Any speculation about what happens to that thought after physical death would be just that, speculation. Naturalism does not preclude emergence; in fact, it assumes it.

Adventures of Ideas by Alfred North Whitehead

I assumed reading, writing, music and philosophy to be a given around here :smirk: — darthbarracuda

:rofl:

Listening to music, writing and recording music. I started running again this summer after a three year layoff, I'll keep it up as long as my knees last. Reading, of course.

Jurgen Habermas views constitutions as transformational documents aimed at addressing and redressing the most significant defects and deficiencies in the society that frames it. So constitutions can also be seen as the foundation and basis of laws. Constitutions are one way that democracy evolves under certain circumstances.....

Just crossed paths with this one. To me, it seems more forceful if you drop the final, "from his fear": he who fears suffering already suffers.... It kind of like, when something is translated from one language to another, the translator can take liberties in search of the best meaning. Well, even speaking and hearing can be viewed as a kind of translation (of separate viewpoints). In fact, I just passed another comment where Montaigne says that words belong half to the speaker and half to the listener....

:)

...things are sensed through the understanding, understood through the senses. p. 1257

:up:

This isn't a poem, strictly speaking. However it is some of the most lyrical prose that I have ever read. More so in that the lyricism survives or transcends translation, perfectly bridging form and content. It is from Fichte's Vocation of Man:

Shall I eat and drink only that I may hunger and thirst and eat and drink again, till the grave which is open beneath my feet shall swallow me up, and I myself become the food of worms? Shall I beget beings like myself, that they too may eat and drink and die, and leave behind them beings like themselves to do the same that I have done? To what purpose this ever-revolving circle, this ceaseless and unvarying round, in which all things appear only to pass away, and pass away only that they may re-appear unaltered;—this monster continually devouring itself that it may again bring itself forth, and bringing itself forth only that it may again devour itself?

This can never be the vocation of my being, and of all being. There must be something which exists because it has come into existence; and now endures, and cannot again re-appear, having once become such as it is. And this element of permanent endurance must be produced amid the vicissitudes of the transitory and perishable, maintain itself there, and be borne onwards, pure and inviolate, upon the waves of time.

Our race still laboriously extorts the means of its subsistence and preservation from an opposing Nature. The larger portion of mankind is still condemned through life to severe toil, in order to supply nourishment for itself and for the smaller portion which thinks for it;—immortal spirits are compelled to fix their whole thoughts and endeavours on the earth that brings forth their food. It still frequently happens, that when the labourer has finished his toil, and promises himself in return a lasting endurance both for himself and for his work, a hostile element will destroy in a moment that which it has cost him years of patient industry and deliberation to accomplish, and the assiduous and careful man is undeservedly made the prey of hunger and misery;—often do floods, storms, volcanoes, desolate whole countries, and works which bear the impress of a rational soul are mingled with their authors in the wild chaos of death and destruction. Disease sweeps into an untimely grave men in the pride of their strength, and children whose existence has as yet borne no fruit; pestilence stalks through blooming lands, leaves the few who escape its ravages like lonely orphans bereaved of the accustomed support of their fellows, and does all that it can do to give back to the desert regions which the labour of man has won from thence as a possession to himself. Thus it is now, but thus it cannot remain for ever. No work that bears the stamp of Reason, and has been undertaken to extend her power, can ever be wholly lost in the onward progress of the ages. The sacrifices which the irregular violence of Nature extorts from Reason, must at least exhaust, disarm, and appease that violence. The same power which has burst out into lawless fury, cannot again commit like excesses; it cannot be destined to renew its strength; through its own outbreak its energies must henceforth and for ever be exhausted. All those outbreaks of unregulated power before which human strength vanishes into nothing, those desolating hurricanes, those earthquakes, those volcanoes, can be nothing else than the last struggles of the rude mass against the law of regular, progressive, living, and systematic activity to which it is compelled in opposition to its own undirected impulses;—nothing but the last shivering strokes by which the perfect formation of our globe has yet to be completed. That resistance must gradually become weaker and at length be exhausted, since, in the regulated progress of things, there can be nothing to renew its strength; that formation must at length be completed, and our destined dwelling-place be made ready. Nature must gradually be resolved into a condition in which her regular action may be calculated and safely relied upon, and her power bear a fixed and definite relation to that which is destined to govern it,—that of man. In so far as this relation already exists, and the cultivation of Nature has obtained a firm footing, the works of man, by their mere existence, and by an influence altogether beyond the original intent of their authors, shall again react upon Nature, and become to her a new vivifying principle. Cultivation shall quicken and ameliorate the sluggish and baleful atmosphere of the primeval forests, deserts, and marshes; more regular and varied cultivation shall diffuse throughout the air new impulses to life and fertility; and the sun shall pour his most animating rays into an atmosphere breathed by healthful, industrious, and civilized nations. Science, first called into existence by the pressure of necessity, shall afterwards calmly and carefully investigate the unchangeable laws of Nature, review its powers at large, and learn to calculate their possible manifestations; and while closely following the footsteps of Nature in the living and actual world, form for itself in thought a new ideal one. Every discovery which Reason has extorted from Nature shall be maintained throughout the ages, and become the ground of new knowledge, for the common possession of our race. Thus shall Nature ever become more and more intelligible and transparent, even in her most secret depths; and human power, enlightened and armed by human invention, shall rule over her without difficulty, and the conquest, once made, be peacefully maintained. This dominion of man over Nature shall gradually be extended, until, at length, no farther expenditure of mechanical labour shall be necessary than what the human body requires for its development, cultivation, and health; and this labour shall cease to be a burden;—for a reasonable being is not destined to be a bearer of burdens.

Late-night/Early-morning

Restless resolutions steal my safe, considered self away
Dislodging what I think I feel to make it possible today.
No mysteries to give me pause (constructed so that I might hide!)
Only the grip of iron claws that drag me to a world inside.
And yet, more beautiful it seems to cease to wonder evermore,
And be ruled by a world of dreams whose universe is in their core.
The sparrows and the robins soft are calling to th'awakening morn;
Before they can be borne aloft, within their songs my dreams are born.

He who does not live at all for others hardly lives at all for himself p. 1138

I am loath even to have thoughts which I cannot publish. p. 953

Now there's a standard

Science and the Modern World by Alfred North Whitehead

I thought philosophy was kind of the boon that the self-recognition of creative thought conferred on itself? Like the worst day being a philosopher is better than the best day actually working? Even if you do have to drink hemlock sometimes....

edit:
This is interesting. I recently read a book by Collingwood that made me want to read all of Whitehead's works on process philosophy, so I bought Science and the Modern World, and another book that hasn't arrived yet. I've been wanting to read it but the Essays I'm reading now is a huge book, so I'm focussing on finishing it. This little chat inspired me to sneak a peak at the Whitehead though. The first line of the foreward:

It has been said of nineteenth-century English Romantic poetry that it enshrines the best English-Language philosophy....When, by the early nineteenth century, the powerful industrial confluence of science and technology had rendered cosmic disenchantment the inevitable fate....

Sounds exactly like the kind of creation of the poetic sensibility by the dominant spirit of the culture that we were discussing.

I think philosophy has got to the point where the mundane is preferred to the magnificent. — Jack Cummins

Hmm. I do you think it is a linear progression over time though? Or are we all not simply creatures of the world into which we have been born? I have a small book on the American Transcendentalist thinkers. The introduction describes in detail how this transcendentalist mode of thought linked with the historical events of the American Revolution and Civil war, how there was a general atmosphere of cataclysmic upheaval and the overturning of the all accepted social meanings, and it was this that led to the transcendentalist point of view being so genuinely embraced.

Perhaps we are waiting for the next great event to spawn the next great evolution of philosophical thought?

There was, of course, the tradition of metaphysical poets, such as John Donne, but it was a very specific worldview and probably not one which could be seen as truly objective. — Jack Cummins

Metaphysical poetry is based on the conceit of juxtaposing the sublime and the mundane. Isn't that the challenge of metaphysics itself? Trying to express what is beyond the mundane, through the terminology of the mundane....

:up:

...there is no more reliable witness than each man is to himself. p. 711

Since men are not intelligent enough to be adequately paid in good coin let counterfeit coin be used as well. p. 715

People try to remember the dead. I often wondered, why not remember the living, but the dead? — Corvus

I have a saying I came to from sad experience: treat each person the way you will wish you had when they are gone,

"A man who has learned how to die has unlearned how to be a slave....I am now ready to leave, regretting nothing except life itself....Death is the origin of another life....is it reasonable to fear for so long something which lasts for so short a time?"
~Montaigne, "To Philosophize is to Learn how to Die"

"A man who has learned how to die has unlearned how to be a slave....I am now ready to leave, regretting nothing except life itself....Death is the origin of another life....is it reasonable to fear for so long something which lasts for so short a time?"
~Montaigne, "To Philosophize is to Learn how to Die"

This book cries out for reading group. — Corvus

Yes, that's probably true, it looks....dense.

"Teleology is only mechanism turned upside down"

Collingwood's description of Bergson's metaphysics of creative evolution.

Nice, me too. :up:

The Complete Essays of Michel De Montaigne

this is going to take a while, studying the nature of human thought through self-exposition...

There are also neural networks that simulate brain function at a neuro-chemical level (which would be analog-equivalent, I guess), however they are less efficient than traditional 'high level' designs...

My copy, as I type, even closer than my coffee-cup — tim wood

:up:

...a scientist who has never philosophized about his science can never be more than a second-hand, imitative, journeyman scientist. A man who has never enjoyed a certain type of experience cannot reflect upon it; a philosopher who has never studied and worked at natural science cannot philosophize about it without makng a fool of himself.
~R.G. Collingwood, The Idea of Nature, Introduction, "Science and Philosophy"

The Idea of Nature by R.G. Collingwood

Looks "phenomenal"..... :)

Torture is the way to awesome
— Some guy — TheMadFool

For the guy doing the torturing?

Leave me guessing, huh? — TheMadFool

I can only surmise that, qua conscious beings, we are composed of experiences and beliefs. So perhaps experiencing the magnificent uncertainty of death is the key to spiritual evolution. Much of my own personal growth has been linked in one way or another to an immersive awareness of the profound finality of death. To quote one of my favourite movies (that I just watched again on the weekend as it happens): Death is the road to awe.

Gilgamesh fails of course and that was the core message of this work — TheMadFool

Gilgamesh joins the immortal pantheon after he dies....kind of fits with something I've recently been toying with, are we spiritual beings "in-training"? Perhaps what is traditionally called the soul has its material birth....

The Epic of Gilgamesh - the most ancient recorded story

For anyone who enjoys Dickens or Victorian literature or just a good fiction, The Eustace Diamonds is quite a gem. I could not put it down.

But if we go by evidence, life wasn’t always around — Benj96

The scope of that evidence is tiny indeed, compared with the vast expanses of space and time of which we are aware.

Suppose there's a being that's made of and thus emits neutrinos. Neutrinos pass through anything and everything - it simply can't be reflected back at this being and so, this being would never see faerself in the way we see ourselves in the mirror kind courtesy of visible light let alone recognize itself. There's no image of itself; how can it ever then recognize itself such a feat only being possible with an image of the self. — TheMadFool

Yes, unless neutrinos in create some kind of disruption in the fabric of spacetime that the being can perceive as its own "mirror-image". It's a good example.

I like the idea a lot. Nothing really current to offer at the moment....

It disappointed me a bit the fact dogs failed the mirror test... I would bet some money to they have at least some awareness but it turns out not. — javi2541997

Actually, I'm not sure the mirror test is all that definitive. Passing the mirror test arguably does demonstrate self-awareness. But failing to recognize oneself "in a mirror" doesn't necessarily imply that one does not have self-awareness, only that particular level or type of perceptual understanding required to grasp that physical projection. A blind person also fails the mirror test. A dog knows when it bites its own tail.

edit: so I did a little digging and this article supports this interpretation Dogs may be more self-aware...

Nevertheless, when we take the entire body as a unit, the cellular allorecognition can be safely interpreted as the body being self-aware. — TheMadFool

Interesting to me in that I just started reading Brentano's Descriptive Psychology. His position is that psychognosy. the study of purely mental states, is differentiated from genetic psychology, which contains some physico-chemical component. The former being an exact and the latter (because of the admixture of the physical) an inexact or approximate science. So physio-chemical events may be preconditions of consciousness, but are different in kind from conscious events. Fundamentally I agree with this.

I guess my dog doesn't wonder "how is to be like a human" — javi2541997

Probably not. But equally I'm sure not a lot of humans wonder what it is like to be a dog. :)

she doesn’t know what actually means — javi2541997

Well, you don't actually know what it is like "to be a dog," to paraphrase Nagel's famous thought-experiment on the limitations of reductionism.

Isn't there a difference in kind between these two types of recognition though? Allorecognition really just seems equivalent to saying that the organism "is the organism that it is." A dog knows if it accidentally bites its own tail instead of the tail of another dog, even though it fails the self-recognition test.