Systemic racism in the US: Why is it happening and what can be done? Specifically with respect to the murder charges for Derek Chauvin, I think there's more reason to assume he should be charged with 1st degree murder.
First of all, the manual of the Minneapolis Police Department states that neck restraints and chokeholds are basically reserved for when an officer feels caught in a life-or-death situation. But Floyd was handcuffed and obviously unarmed by the time Derek put him in this hold. So he should be familiar with the manual but nevertheless chose a method to subdue Floyd (how much subduing does a handcuffed man need?) that wasn't meant for this situation. There was no imminent threat possibly excusing him to forget or to act in the spur of the moment and even if there was, once Floyd was subdued the life-or-death situation passed and he should've changed what he was doing. He didn't, while having ample time to do so.
Second, he was being held like that next to a police vehicle. Why wasn't he transferred into the back of the police car during those first 6 minutes (before he became unresponsive). There was a clear alternative available.
Third, there were three squad cars, so presumably 6 officers at the scene. If he felt threatened or if he was panicking, why didn't he ask for assistance? He didn't ask for help, of course, because he had it under control. Refuting any chance for him to claim some level of panic or fear.
Fourth, the ambulance was called specifically to help Floyd. While it was underway it went from code 2 to code 3. Derek, being the person physically closest to Floyd, was absolutely aware of his deteriorating condition and did fuck all to help him.
Fifth, bystanders warned Derek multiple times Floyd was unresponsive. He still didn't let up and still didn't help Floyd.
With so many instances of being able to (re)consider his actions during those 8 minutes and 46 seconds and the possibility of asking for help from fellow officers or moving Floyd to the car, the continued stranglehold using his knees became premeditated during the course of those 8 minutes and 46 seconds.