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Two envelopes problemNo I didn't. I showed that the argument which purports to show that switching is rational commits a mathematical fallacy, and that there is no rational reason to switch. — Michael
Ok! I see this dilemma and your arguments clearer now. :up: -
Two envelopes problem
and
First of all, thank you both for your interesting arguments. I am following them as much as I can understand the OP started by Michael.
I think the main substance of this dilemma is discerning on if it is "rational" or "not" switching one of the envelopes when you chose one already.
Michael showed to us arguments when switching is rational.
Envelope A contains 10 € and Envelope B contains 20 €. Then, according to that dilemma, I have the chance to switch my first option and get the twice I suppose to get in my choice. So, I agree with Michael that it's always going to be a 1/2 probability.
Yet, this scenario only happens if I am expecting a value. I decide to switch the envelopes because I want to expect to double the amount that supposedly is in the envelope. Again, switching is rational or "worthy" because I am expecting a value.
But... What about the indifference on the amount of each envelope? For example: Let the amounts in the envelopes be X and 2X. Now by swapping, the player may gain X or lose X. So the potential gain is equal to the potential loss.
I agree in this point. It could exist the scenario where switching or not is meaningless to the participant if the expected value doesn't exists.
I am sorry If I were not clear in my point. What I intend to say is the fact that this paradox and dilemma only works if the participant expects a value or loss, but it could be indifferent whatever the amount and the action of switching is not motivated by an expected value. -
What jazz, classical, or folk music are you listening to?A combination of “nu jazz” and “acid jazz”
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Donald Trump (All General Trump Conversations Here)"Why is a reactionary fuck like Trump so successful?", should be the question. — Benkei
Rather than the life conditions of each U.S. citizen, I think the success of Donald Trump is due to the mass media. Yes, I am aware that there are journalists out there who put criticism on him, but they are not notorious. FOX news holds a lot of power and monopolizes information. On the other hand, I remember some "famous" instagrammers or "influencers" cleaning up his image. (Kanye West, for example).
Trump is the creation of other people's businesses. -
Currently ReadingI'm just not interested in either reading or writing short stories. — T Clark
It is a pity... I personally think that you could make a good contribution when TPF opens up the short story contest. I enjoy this activity and it is one of the aspects I like the most on this site.
I expect that much from you because I am aware that you have imagination (I remember debating with you about Tao Te Ching verses), not like other members who are only focused on physics, maths, logic, science, etc...
Don't get me wrong: I respect their commitment, but I think imagination and literature are also important in our knowledge. -
All things CannabisThanks to you as well for starting this thread. :up: I am so interested.
I made a research in internet. There is an interesting link: Does cannabis cause or treat anxiety?
Some studies show that cannabis use can trigger symptoms of anxiety. However, other research shows cannabis, when used correctly, can be beneficial in treating anxiety symptoms.
There are limited human clinical trials that look at cannabis to treat anxiety. However, growing evidence, from animal studies to cannabis user surveys, suggests the drug could be effective. This is particularly the case when cannabis is in CBD oil form.
A 2015 review analyzed previous research into CBD oil, stating the vast majority of the research used animal models. However, based on these studies, CBD oil could potentially reduce several anxiety disorders.
A 2018 survey looked at cannabis use in easing the symptoms of depression and anxiety. It reveals that medical cannabis users reporteda 58% reduction in anxiety and stress.
This is the path we have to follow up! :flower: -
BanningsNo loss at all, as far as I'm concerned. My opinion of him was a particularly low one. — universeness
Ranting on someone who no longer can post here...
Pretty humble from your side. -
All things CannabisCannabis and anxiety… — 0 thru 9
Interesting facts and I agree with your post.
I remembered you and this post in the morning when I was in the pharmacy. I saw a little box with tabs of Cannabis sativa. Like herbaceous resinous extract to be consumed by oral ingestion. It is cheap because the price of that box is 7.95 €, but I cannot remember the numbers of tabs which are included in it. Maybe there are around 25 or 30. It looked like worthy to purchase, but I hadn't read the proportion of THC and CBD. I think they are tabs for dietary supplements rather than sedative, analgesic, or anti-inflammatory.
Who knows? I think I can give it a try... And see what the effects are. Just 7.95 € is a good price, but at the same time, this is why I doubt for. Maybe because of being that cheap, it doesn't contain what a real tab of Cannabis should hold.
We have to keep moving forward to help people to reduce anxiety. Oh! Why aren't pharmacies allowed to sell Cannabis sativa or indica?
:flower: -
Culture is criticalThe average person does not have an interest in governance, politics, and nationwide ideals. — L'éléphant
I agree, and I think this situation has emerged due to the continuous disappointments on politics and all what is related to governance, political theory, etc... I mean: it is not a generational issue but a dysfunctional praxis.
I think you have big expectations on people... what a terrible mistake. -
All things Cannabis
Look! what a joke, just 1mg and the cost is around 20 or 25 € per pack. There are 50 gummies in.
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All things CannabisHere in the USA, I’ve seen melatonin in 10mg pill sizes. A 3mg tab knocks me out for the night, with no grogginess the next morning (if I take it before 11 pm). Not sure what more than 3X that would do. — 0 thru 9
A pill of 10mg, or 3mg tabs. These are impossible to see here in Europe, and this is stupid because sooner or later the tabs with just 1 mg are insufficient. So, consumers of Melatonin like me, take two or even three to experience the effect on sleeping. I mean, I can consume the same amount as an American citizen but in reduced proportions. This is more expensive and without sense because I think it would be worthy to just sell more milligrams in the pharmacy instead of buying a lot of little tabs. :lol:
Your mention of the word “gummy” made me think of the cannabis candy gummies for sale. I totally understand the need for cannabis edibles. — 0 thru 9
I am also aware of their existence, but here they are sold as a dietary supplement, so I am skeptical about buying them. I think that the proportion of THC will be low and have zero effects. It could be a good remedy for non-smokers like me, but I see it as very difficult to accomplish. Maybe, the only way to inherit THC is when you are smoking pure Cannabis... who knows!
But in any case, many kids have ended up in the emergency room or hospital. I don’t know what the answer is to this situation. — 0 thru 9
Simple: the responsible are the parents for not caring their children! :eyes: -
Currently ReadingThe Last Temptation, Nikos Kazantzakis. An extraordinary novel recommended by @Alkis Piskas. This work is a masterpiece.
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Currently Reading
I am happy to know that you are enjoying a Murakami's book.
I read Killing Commendatore back in January, and I enjoyed it a lot. I think he [Murakami] expresses a lot of imagination with emotional backgrounds: the sister of the main character; the painting in the big saloon (Tomohiko Amada); Menshiki and his personality, Mary and her grandma, etc...
You will see. -
All things CannabisThere are important groups here who want to legalize - or at least make more flexible rules - related to Cannabis. But Spain is in a big dilemma, for the good and for the worst: the European Market. When Spain joined the EU, we accepted a lot of regulations and laws, but one of the main characteristics is the common market. We are not that "free" to regularize the market or products. It is a shame, but I am not eurosceptical. I mean, thanks to the EU, Spain entered to modernity and progress. Maybe, one day, the EU members will agree on the regulation of Cannabis. Who knows...
A similar issue happens regarding Melatonin. I take them every night to sleep. I see it as a simple medication or dietary supplement. Yet, the European Commission only allows 1.9 milligrams for each tab/gummies. I think it is stupid and a shame...
I am aware that in the U.S. the milligrams of Melatonin can be high on the tabs, and I know some people who buy them in the American market. It is expensive because of the shipment and all... but at least they have more milligrams in their pills/gummies!
I think this would be another problem that will be discussed: how many milligrams are allowed for each Cannabis pill or tab? :chin: -
All things CannabisI understand that CBD or medicaments prescribed to combat MDD, takes time. I remember starting with "natural" pills made of plants. At the first time, they were effective, but later on my brain demanded more mg or just more hard pills. This is why I attended to the psychiatrist and she prescribed me "chemical" stuff, such as Bromazepam. It is effective, and I honestly think that I am, somehow, dependent on it. I have been taking those pills for the last two years and I am aware that I cannot live without them. I guess they are addictive.
There are others that can be OK, such as "ashwagandha" or winter cherry. They help me, yes. But, it is just an accessory for Bromazepam. The latter is the one that really helps me to control my anxiety.
I never smoked because I have a lung disease. So, this is why (furthermore, more other fundamental facts) I demand pills of Cannabis. If I already take chemical stuff, why is it a problem to take Cannabis tabs? -
On love and madness. Losing ones mind, to find ones heart.I don't want to get involved in a discussion with you. I just wanted to say that I perceive that the effort and quality we all should put in the OPs is, somehow, relative.
Which Lounge discussion do you think should not be in the Lounge? — Jamal
It is not up to me and my opinion will not be taken seriously by you... -
On love and madness. Losing ones mind, to find ones heart.I don't understand why low-effort OPs like this one are on the main page, while others - with more substantial research - go to "The Lounge" or are deleted by the mods directly.
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All things CannabisI am from Spain and I live in Madrid. I never lived in Japan haha. It is just that I love Japanese literature and stuff, but I have never been there... :sweat:
The situation of my country is this: You can hold basic grams of Cannabis in your home. I think less than 10 Gr per bag is permitted and you can harvesting it by yourself if it is just for personal purposes. You only go to jail if it is explicit used for sale.
Well, in overall terms, Cannabis is not allowed in Spain and police officers tend to be restrictive with all of them who possess marijuana. Again, this is when I see my state as a complete fool and hypocrite. Our public administration collect a lot of taxes thanks to alcohol and tobacco. These "products" kill a lot of people because of cancer and cirrhosis per year. Yet, the state collects a large amount of money through the taxes applied on the prices on them. If I were responsible for the management of the system, I'd legalize Cannabis by applying the same criteria to cigarettes, but for some reasons, Cannabis is still illegal in this century... Maybe the state doesn't see such plant as profitable as it should be! -
All things CannabisCannabis-related news, personal experiences, therapies, science, speculation, laws, markets, etc. — 0 thru 9
I'd legalize marijuana and its distribution. Two important benefits of the legalisation:
1. The reduction of criminality. The supply of this soft drug is controlled by crime organisations, and this is why the prices tend to be high and the places where the people sell it are hidden. I personally think that everything would be easier if Cannabis would under the control of legal markets/authorities.
2. Collection of taxes. I think the state acts as a hypocrite here. It is legal to purchase alcohol and tobacco, when these are "drugs" that kill people oftentimes. Yet, it seems that for the State or Bureaus do not care about those deaths because they win a lot of money with the supply of both alcohol and cigarettes. Why don't they manage Cannabis in the same way? I think this issue also applies to prostitution. I just do not understand why this job is forbidden...
I tried some CBD capsules and didn't notice any effects at all. However, mine came from a health shop. It is possible that some have practically no CBD at all. That is what makes it a potential hype.
I have read that there is current research on microdosing on cannabis and other psychedelics for depression. — Jack Cummins
A good point on how to manage Cannabis: struggling against depression. I also took one of those pills and I haven't perceived anything either. I guess this happens because of the low gram proportion of Cannabis. -
Mythopoeic Thought: The root of Greek philosophy.Myths are almost certainly educational devices used in prehistory. Knowledge needs to be passed on somehow and narratives are a great way to do so. — I like sushi
I agree. Good point. :up:
Lynne Kelly will probably interest you. — I like sushi
Thanks for commenting and your recommendation. Appreciated it. -
BrexitWhat do you think about Gibraltar?
Spain and the UK agreed that it is necessary to reach an agreement on this point and establish a pacific relationship in Gibraltar's post-Brexit era.
Spain aspires to create a zone of shared prosperity with neighboring "Campo de Gibraltar". According to London, the two have agreed on the need to reach an agreement "as soon as possible."
I do not know what your thoughts are on Gibraltar, or if you folks care at all. Yet, it is important to highlight how both democracies want to resolve this issue diplomatically.
That's how discrepancies should always be resolved.
I thought Brexit would cause a strained relationship between both. But no, this didn't happen and I guess it is due to the fact that our democracies are mature. -
Mythopoeic Thought: The root of Greek philosophy.:up:
Kazantzakis's works can be considered as pure philosophical content, not only his amazing talent for writing novels and personalising characters! Thanks to Alkis, I discovered this author and, yes, what a good discovery. It reminds me of when I read Mishima the first time. :100: -
Mythopoeic Thought: The root of Greek philosophy.:up:
It is okay, friend. I appreciate your effort and consideration to at least have a look into the paper. I think my enthusiasm was out of control whenever I ended my reading because I am interested in Greece as much as I am in Japan. You are right that the paper contains more aspects of literature or history than philosophy itself. Yet, I will be reading more stuff related to this topic: Greece, Cyprus, Macedonia and the origin of the Greek lexicon. Thus, I think my knowledge will be more extensive regarding to Ancient Literature. :smile:
In the same way, I read Kazantzakis. What a good discovery! :cool:
Cheers! -
Mythopoeic Thought: The root of Greek philosophy.@Alkis Piskas
Hello Alkis, I have been reading interesting information on Greek philosophy and culture. I remember debating with you in this thread (and another one) the importance of Greek lexicon and different dialects.
Whenever you want or have free time, I recommend you to read this paper: The Eponymous Archons of Athens
Anyway, I think it is important to reopen this thread because I perceived two interesting facts on Greek philosophy: "Epic Greek dialect" and "Arcadian Greek dialect" . The author says: The Greeks believed that the Ionians had long lived where they did but that the Dorians had arrived rather late. Indeed, another Greek dialect, not shown on the map, is "Epic" Greek, the language of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Epic Greek is more like Ionic and Aeolic than the other dialects. Classical Greek culture, including philosophy, began in Ionia, whose name became the word for "Greek" in all the languages to the East,...
Interesting! Do you agree with his opinion?
He continues with another fact he says is important to consider regarding the root of philosophy: Even more intriguing is a dialect isolated in the heart of the Peloponnesus, Arcadian. Surrounded by Doric and Northwestern, Arcadian is nevertheless similar to Cypriot, the dialect of Greek spoken in Cyprus. This suggests that Arcadian was the original language of the south of Greece, overrun and isolated by the Doric invasion, with the Cypriots either as a now isolated outlier or as actual refugees from the West. On Cyprus the Greeks also used a unique syllabary to write their language. The Cypriots apparently have therefore preserved, uniquely, the writing system of their Mycenaean ancestors.
When I read this paper, I thought: Were the original philosophical works written in Epic Greek or Arcadian Greek? It is sooooo interesting.
The map of Greece that the author referred to in his paper is this:
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The Accursed Share by Georges BatailleIs it really possible to keep them in separate arenas? — Vera Mont
Absolutely.
The economy is science and politics aren't. The latter is full-filled by theories of what "should" a society works correctly. Furthermore, I guess that theorists of politics are always debating each other about the classic fight of "social classes". It is true that politics are influenced by Economics, but this is the one that goes separated and cannot be influenced by politics.
For example: inflation or bankruptcy. These concepts that are more common that we used to think, can be fixed or analysed thanks to economists, experts of market and money fluctuations. A politician cannot make anything here. Maybe spreading some lies to collect votes, but his/her discourse will be empty. The markets work themselves, without political theories.
Unemployment is one of the main examples too. The increase or decrease in the rate of working people depends on a lot of factors. Most of them come from economics. But, however, politicians tend to think it is due to their "political theories" when this is a terrible mistake. If your economy depends on tourism and we are in a scenario like a pandemic where all airports are locked down, your unemployment rate will experience a high ratio because of the lack of tourists. Politics has nothing to do with these facts. -
Will Science Eventually Replace Religion?Again, as i said earlier, not all religions have a God. Buddhism, taoism, jainism and many more do not have a Godhead. We must not assume that religion automatically means there is a blindly followed/obeyed God. — Benj96
Buddhism does have a God: Brahmâ
If you do not want to call it as "God" is ok. But I disagree with the fact that they do not follow a divine deity blindly. This is the key of each religion: They understand and follow the morals and ethics of religion as a given. There is not critical thinking among them. Could you imagine a Buddhist questioning the four principles of Siddhartha? -
Will Science Eventually Replace Religion?They both have different objectives and questions. Science is there to proof the evidences how the nature works, and how we interact with it. But religion interprets this as granted. I mean, religion is a seek of faith, not evidences. If the ocean is blue is due to God's aesthetics despite that science will show you otherwise with facts. Will a religious believer care of what science can or cannot say? No.
On the other hand, both disciplines tend to confront usually. A scientific is always in continuous skepticism, but a believer believes in God blindly. It is not about replace one or another but how they repel each other. Don't expect an absorb because humans always have questions, so religion and science will be there as a candle, illuminating our uncertainty -
TPF Quote Cabinet“Have you ever had that feeling—that you'd like to go to a whole different place and become a whole different self?”, Haruki Murakami.
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What is neoliberalism?On the other hand there’s a difference between neoliberals, who want to reduce taxes, and libertarians, who might be against tax in principle. — Jamal
True! This is another interesting point in the debate -
What is neoliberalism?Good OP and definitions.
What have I missed? — Jamal
If you don't mind, I would like to include in your characteristics of neoliberalism, taxation. I think this is another important fact of "late capitalism" or nostalgic 1980's and 1990's capitalists.
According to neoliberals, the interventionism of State through taxation should be the less possible. They stand for the fact that reducing income or firm's taxes will create more employment and then the economy will progress. So, the unemployment ratio depends on enterprises, not the state itself. If the firms assume a lot of tax pressure, it will be difficult to make money.
Neoliberals are against taxation (or at least big proportions of) because they see them as confiscation. The current governor of Madrid is a big neoliberal and she has made what a good neoliberal will always do: reducing the taxes and spending cuts. She even once said: "Erasing the wealth tax is one the best decisions made. There are not social classes here in Madrid, and that tax is irrelevant"
Only a good neoliberal would refuse the existence of social classes in a big city like Madrid. -
Currently ReadingSouth of the Border, West of the Sun, Haruki Murakami.
Moral Reasoning: Ethical Theory and Some Contemporary Moral Problems, Victor Grassian.
Grassian's book is interesting. He discusses moral and ethics using a variety of dilemmas where it can be analyzed different philosophical arguments. -
The American Gun Control DebateWashington state has now banned selling assault weapons
— KING 5 Seattle · Apr 25, 2023 — jorndoe
Good news! Yet... I am wondering if the Supreme Court would declare that law as "unconstitutional", when the judges will experience the pressure by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATFE), -
Grammatical analysis helpThis is not my choice.
It's absolutely incredible that this document is in English to begin with. — boethius
It is a bad praxis of public administration, indeed. Every public worker must act and communicate in the official languages of the country they are working in. This is why I thought you were the one asking for this procedure in English at first glance. It is very strange. I don't know the law of your country because I don't know where you are from, but in my country (Spain) it is illegal to make official requirements or communications in a language that the interlocutor cannot understand.
It is true that you have English skills, BUT I personally think that the prosecutor acted with bad faith or at least with bad praxis. Can you ask your lawyer ask or inquire something related to this issue?
So, the only explanation I can find is that it's in English for the benefit of other prosecutors, that writing in the official language with reference to the official law wouldn't make sense to people legally trained in that language — boethius
Does the law of your country allow this kind of procedure? -
Grammatical analysis helpbut my reading is that the statements in the middle are clearly written, at least in English, to heavily imply it is the author making the statement, and not the author reporting what I'm reporting. — boethius
I am not a native speaker, but at least I understood the same and I guess I am following your point. The fact that a specific police department is conspiring against you.
On the other hand, I can't understand why you want to use English in your procedure, or I am not seeing your strategy clearly. Yes, I read in one of your paragraphs that you use this language because it avoids ambiguity but it seems that it has ended up in the opposite. In addition, it is not clear to me if you are (or not) from a non-English speaker country. I am lost at this point: I mean, why you had started this procedure in English?
On the main point of the issue: reporting crimes such as corruption or money laundering is a very serious issue. Keep in mind that in these crimes will be involved police departments, politicians, judges, prosecutors, etc... It is like opening up the Pandora box. Prepare yourself with the consequences, because all the dirty public workers will go against you.
If I were you, I'd ask my lawyer for the possibility of getting protection because it seems (according to your OP) that they already know your name. Maybe a procedure similar to the Witness Security Program. Even your attorney has expressed not to reporting those crimes because of the dirty cops... I can only say: be careful, your life could be in danger. It is true that we all should report crimes, but... when is against the "system", the situation is complicated. -
TPF Quote CabinetWhoever is called a great minister,
when he finds that he cannot morally serve his prince, he resigns. — Confucius, Analects: 9817
javi2541997
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