The evil demon, also known as Descartes' demon, malicious demon[1] and evil genius,[2] is an epistemological concept that features prominently in Cartesian philosophy. In the first of his 1641 Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes imagines that an evil demon, of "utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me." This evil demon is imagined to present a complete illusion of an external world, so that Descartes can say, "I shall think that the sky, the air, the earth, colours, shapes, sounds and all external things are merely the delusions of dreams which he has devised to ensnare my judgement. I shall consider myself as not having hands or eyes, or flesh, or blood or senses, but as falsely believing that I have all these things." — Wikipedia
Cartesian doubt is a form of methodological skepticism associated with the writings and methodology of René Descartes (March 31, 1596–Feb 11, 1650).[1][2]:88 Cartesian doubt is also known as Cartesian skepticism, methodic doubt, methodological skepticism, universal doubt, systematic doubt, or hyperbolic doubt — Wikipedia
Radical skepticism (or radical scepticism in British English) is the philosophical position that knowledge is most likely impossible.[1] Radical skeptics hold that doubt exists as to the veracity of every belief and that certainty is therefore never justified. To determine the extent to which it is possible to respond to radical skeptical challenges is the task of epistemology or "the theory of knowledge" — Wikipedia
veritas e mendaciis”, “the truth out of lies”. — Todd Martin
Proposition 8 is a false dichotomy. Both p & not-p can be false. Both can be true iff p is epistemological and not-p is ontological. — 180 Proof
:mask:p v ~p is atautology— TheMadFool
p = p is a tautology.
~p = ~p is a tautology.
p = ~p is a contradiction.
"p v ~p" is a bivalence expression, and therefore neither a tautology nor a contradiction. — 180 Proof
I learned to read Latin solely from books, and in a long and desultory manner. — Todd Martin
Wrong. Only propositions have truth-values. — 180 Proof
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