I think you might want to look into Kant's CPR and Hegel's Logic.

From hierarchy theory and Peircean semiotics, you can make an argument that the ur-dichotomy of dichotomies is the dyad of the local~global and the vague~crisp.

The local~global is the synchronic view of a natural system - the hierarchy theory view where all quantification is in terms of the reciprocal limits of local vs global scale.

Then the vague~crisp is the diachronic view - the developmental axis that describes the emergence of this basic scale distinction from “out of nothing”. So you start off in a pre-quality world where all is just vague. Then the breaking of that symmetry in terms of the start of a local~global distinction or counterfactuality is how you proceed towards the crispness of a fully realised scale dichotomy.

This would be the taxonomy of natural systems. It says everything starts in the simple potential of a vagueness, an ungrund, a Firstness, a raw potential, a quantum foam. And then this vagueness becomes dialectially transformed into a crisp and definite somethingness by the symmetry breaking which is a growing contrast in physically-expressed scale. You get a local and global boundary on possibility that creates the Thirdness of the concrete spectrum of actuality found inbetween.

This is the general framework into which you can then drop all the usual metaphysical-strength dichotomies like matter~form, integration~differentiation, accident~necessity, etc.