The dimension across which that gradient occurs is a dimension of the phase-space. The gradient gives directionality to a span across that phase-space. Without that directionality, a span of the phase-space wouldn't be recognizable as time, so the existence of that gradient in the phase-space is what constitutes the existence of time as we mean it. — Pfhorrest
Time is what a clock measures. — A Seagull
Time is what a clock measures. — A Seagull
Great. Now define clock and measurement without referring to time.
I don't need to define 'clock' all I need to do is teach you how to make one.
For 'measurement' read 'observe'. — SophistiCat
Time is that diversity of existence whereby that which is existentially a subject is enabled to receive contrary determinations in existence. — Peirce, c. 1896
Time is a certain general respect relative to different determinations of which states of things otherwise impossible may be realized. Namely, if P and Q are two logically possible states of things, (abstraction being made of time) but are logically incompossible, they may be realized in respect to different determinations of time. — Peirce, c. 1905
A phase space, or configuration space, doesn't have to imply anything about time being presumed simply to conceive of that space. It's just a spatial representation of all the different possible states that a system could be in. — Pfhorrest
I offer two similar definitions given by Charles Sanders Peirce.
Time is that diversity of existence whereby that which is existentially a subject is enabled to receive contrary determinations in existence. — Peirce, c. 1896
Time is a certain general respect relative to different determinations of which states of things otherwise impossible may be realized. Namely, if P and Q are two logically possible states of things, (abstraction being made of time) but are logically incompossible, they may be realized in respect to different determinations of time. — Peirce, c. 1905 — aletheist
Point being, you already know what time is, since you are a competent user of English. And indeed, the questions you ask are about time, hence presuposing that knowledge. — Banno
All I know for sure is that the present, or consciousnesses in the present, can influence consciousnesses in the past. I know, because I've achieved this. — neonspectraltoast
You will get better answers to some of your questions from physicist than from philosophers.
My advice would be to try a science forum. Or read a book. — Banno
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