Atheist Dogma.
I agree difficulties with the self are leveraged by Cartesianism and the subsequent history of instrumental reasoning. The modus operandi of homo economicus is manipulate–for–advantage rather than engage–with. It's to look to ends / goals for satisfaction rather than processes. It's a mindset that fuels boredom, frustration, and emptiness especially as it spills into social relations.
Psychologically, the problem with belief is that even this becomes a tool for manipulation and exchange--commodified. So that we believe what we ought because we know what we ought believe and whether or not what we believe is worth, in a more holistic sense, believing in, the formula seems to work, and what works becomes the yardstick for belief. E.g. Atheism in its most unsophisticated form works. Snakes do not talk, as you said, and there is no old man with a beard in the sky. "Everyone" knows that.
And such that we have a self left in that morass of oughts, we're positioned more and more to believe against it so that even when we do do the right thing we often do it for the wrong reason and lose the value in doing it, the good-in-itself of it. This is the peculiar modern perversion as I see it. We rattle around without reason because at least we know how one rattles around. What we seem to have lost is the sense of how not to rattle around. How to do the "wrong" thing for the right reason.
It's a Moloch-type situation applied to self-relationship. There are material advantages to compromising the self and so it becomes a social necessity. But so is a belief in freedom. We believe against ourselves because we must believe in a "freedom" that negates the self, but the self really
is freedom. This dynamic serves to make us feel responsible insofar as we are "free" for the increasing unfreedom that it itself fosters. And as "free" individuals we perceive ourselves as ill and the solution a means / end one. And we are ill because we neither understand freedom nor the solution to unfreedom because we "ought" not. Our oughts are a closed system that's obscured from itself. So, yes we are responsible but not in the way presented to us, as if we must repair our social wrong of not being happy; on the contrary, we must repair our happiness at being socially wrong.