Those that form the boundaries that delimit human thought and affective capacity. — Agustino

I'm trying to understand, but I really don't have even a vague sense of what you mean. Can I get a concrete example?

Yes, in the same manner that blindness (or any other form of ignorance, whether systematic or random) does not make one immune to the structures that are otherwise revealed by sight. — Agustino

Does that mean animals are bound by the same moral laws as humans? If they are exempt, why?

Morality cannot be man-made because there are certain psychological structures which are given, which pretty much exist in all people, whether they are aware of them or not. And again we notice this from experience, both in ourselves and in others. These aspects are invariant. — Agustino

What psychological structures are you referring to? If there were exceptions, would these people be subject to the same moral laws?

If values are subjective and arbitrary, there is no ought.

If you are not acting in accordance with your whims, why are you acting? I would argue that friendship is a basic human need. Perhaps we all engage in manipulation and deception to the extent that it serves us, but it doesn’t serve us to do anything that would cause others to see us in a negative light. Perhaps fear is how you know that the best way to serve yourself is not to be selfish.