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  • Virtue Ethics vs Utilitarianism
    Utilitarianism theory is based on the principle of utility; which is doing whatever bring the most happiness and least unhappiness to the greatest number affected by a moral decision. All beings are impartially considered and the ends justify the means, only outcomes matter.

    Or let's consider Act Utilitarianism as a moral theory which assumes that each individual action is to be evaluated by reference to the principle of utility, does it make people happy? Then do it. Unfortunately, Act Utilitarianism has its flaws. For instance, "Act Utilitarianism" is incompatible with justice and privacy, allowing an innocent person to be falsely accused to benefit the many, and a person's privacy to be violated if they are unaware of the perpetrator derives pleasure. In addition, it demands total impartiality and does not consider backward reasons, requiring us to treat friends and family the way we treat strangers.

    We may define a virtue as a trait of character, manifested in habitual action, that it is good for a person to have. “A virtue ethicist points to the fact that helping a person is exercising the character trait of benevolence.” The virtue ethics approach is to be a good person. In virtue ethics, one’s character emerges from a “relevant moral community.” Therefore, it is important to account for the moral agent’s community or communities within which he or she operates.

    “According to Aristotle Moral Virtue is a Habit. You must consistently choose to do good acts deliberately for the right reasons. For example, you cannot be considered virtuous for catching a ball before it hits a child in a baseball game thus saving that child if you simply wanted to catch the ball and take it home with you as a trophy to show to your friends. You should have saved the child from the incoming ball out of genuine virtue and care towards the child.”

    Aristotle also believes we learn virtue by doing the right things constantly until we are habituated. We learn by doing as children and character is the result of habits, which in turn, are developed from repeated actions. Problems with virtue ethics is that it can be considered too flexible to make any firm ethical statements, too personal, virtues can be in conflict, virtues can be used to justify an immoral action.

    As you can see nothing or no-one is perfect. But, If I had to choose between becoming a Utilitarian or a Virtue Ethicist, I would definitely consider Virtue Ethics as my working theory. Simply, because it defines the habitual characteristics of a genuinely good person.