Comments

  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    No. It simply doesn't meet the criticism. All of what you're saying may well be quite accurate from a scientific perspective, without amounting to a metaphysics.

    Buddhism, to my knowledge, at least in its seminal forms, simply doesn't talk in terms of overarching or cosmic purpose.Janus

    But, by cosmic purpose, don't you simply mean 'purposes other than those enacted by conscious agents'? In other words, you're conceiving of purpose as something carried out by an actor.
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    The idea that the Cosmos is governed by some overarching (transcendent) purpose is necessarily a theistic idea...Janus

    That's because in Western culture, it is construed that way. Buddhist culture, for instance, draws no such conclusions. Same with various schools of philosophy in the ancient world which construed purpose in terms of discerning the logos of the Cosmos, although that term then became appropriated by Christian theology to mean the Word of God.

    Hence the problem!
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    I just cited Salthe's tellic hierarchy of tendency/function/purpose a few posts back. I've also cited it to you half a dozen times at least over at least a decade.apokrisis

    The fastest route to non-existence is not a teleological explanation, sorry. You select from Aristotle and C S Pierce those elements which suit your naturalistic account and discard the elements that do not.
  • "Aristotle and Other Platonists:" A Review of the work of Lloyd Gerson
    All of my other words left like deer hit on the side of the road.Paine

    Look, I didn't intend it that way. I will try and elaborate. I've been a particpant in many discussions about interpretation of Plato's texts on this forum, one in particular being Phaedo, a few years ago, and I've learned from them. That became quite vituperative in places - there was a participant, Apollodorus, who doesn't seem to be around any more. Overall I didn't much care for his verbal aggression, but I also didn't think his criticisms entirely mistaken, either. I find @Fooloso4 interpretations invariably deflationary - they seem, as @Leontiskos says, to equate Socrates' 'wise ignorance', to ignorance, tout courte. We've discussed, for example, the allegory of the Cave, which I had rather thought contained at least a hint of something like 'spiritual illumination'. But no, apparently, it's also an edifying myth, and Plato is, along with all of us, a prisoner, for whom there is no liberation. Or something like that.

    I'm still interested in Plato, but I have inclinations towards 'the spiritual Plato' (not that 'spiritual' is a very satisfactory word, but what are the alternatives in our impoverished modern lexicon?) But why I respond to Gerson, is that he seems to confirm my belief that modern philosophy, overall, is antagonistic to, or incompatible with, the Platonic tradition, construed broadly.
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    So, again, where do teleological explanations come into it? Those being, explanations in terms of the reasons for the existence of particulars, as distinct from their antecedent causes?
  • To What Extent is the Idea of 'Non-duality' Useful in Bridging Between Theism and Atheism?
    I do find the ideas of Eastern traditions more compatible than many in Western theism or atheism.Jack Cummins

    Some popular history: a seminal event in the history of this particular cultural moment, was the Parliament of the World's Religions, Chicago, 1893 (link to wiki entry). Amongst the presenters were Swami Vivekananda, of India's Ramakrishna Mission, Soyen Shaku, a Japanese Rinzai Zen master, Anagarika Dharmapala, a Sri Lankan Buddhist monk. 'The Parliament of Religions opened on 11 September 1893 at the World's Congress Auxiliary Building (now The Art Institute of Chicago), and ran from 11 to 27 September, making it the first organized interfaith gathering. Today it is recognized as the birth of the worldwide interfaith movement.' After this session, Vivekananda stayed on the US, travelling the country by rail and giving lectures. He was by all accounts a charismatic and magnetic speaker. The Vedanta Society of New York was set up by him, active to this day, and now headed by the erudite Swami Savapriyananda. The California Vedanta Society has also been around a long time, and was frequented by Alduous Huxley and Christopher Isherwood, among others.

    Soyen Shaku also had a major impact, and came to stay in San Francisco after the event. He was accompanied by his private secretary, one D T Suzuki, who went on to become a major populariser of Zen Buddhism in America, lecturing at Columbia University in the 1950's and 60's. Soyen Shaku too planted the seeds of the later flourishing of Zen centres throughout America and beyond.

    That is where a lot of non-dualist teaching entered Western culture, although there were elements before it, and many after it. But the Parliament of Religions was a major source.

    Maybe there is something in that which the West, having ignored (in Philosophy, to date), has not "seen." I.e., for instance ...that the human organism can by a physical exercise of the body sitting in meditation, come to "see" with its organic senses, released very briefly from Mind's constructions, that all in Nature (what we call the Universe) is One.ENOAH

    Actually, there is what is designated the 'wisdom-eye' of 'discriminative wisdom' (Sanskrit 'viveka' - the root of Vivekananda's name.) There is a form of 'higher knowledge' throughout the yogic and Buddhist texts (unpopular though that suggestion might be in the secular flatlands). It is called by various terms including Jñāna or Prajna - notice the 'gn-' root which is the common indo-european root of 'gnosticism'.

    I do accept that there is a state which might be called the 'unitive vision', but that it's strongly associated with samadhi, states of trance and metabolic suspension which enables yogis to maintain stillness of extended periods of time. Those states of meditative trance are very clearly mapped out in the early Buddhist texts, but they're extremely rare and difficult to attain (and don't let anyone tell you otherwise.) There appear to be some who have a natural inclination or ability to fall into those states, but again, they're few and far between. (I think Krishnamurti was one.)

    But I agree with you that this general orientation is much more strongly presented in Eastern philosophies than in Western culture, especially since the Renaissance.
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    Perhaps you might elaborate.
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    Have you never heard of natural philosophy as a metaphysical tradition then?apokrisis

    But is it? Naturalism loosely concerns what can be known objectively, made subject to scientific hypotheses and measured mathematically. I don't see anything in that paper that really strays from that, although it extrapolates a rather speculative interpretation of what the scientific data really means or how it might be interpreted.

    But consider this passage from one of the Platonic dialogues, the Phaedo, directly germane to this debate:

    One day...Socrates happened to hear of Anaxagoras’ view that Mind directs and causes all things. He took this to mean that everything was arranged for the best. Therefore, if one wanted to know the explanation of something, one only had to know what was best for that thing. Suppose, for instance, that Socrates wanted to know why the heavenly bodies move the way they do. Anaxagoras would show him how this was the best possible way for each of them to be. And once he had taught Socrates what the best was for each thing individually, he then would explain the overall good that they all share in common. Yet upon studying Anaxagoras further, Socrates found these expectations disappointed. It turned out that Anaxagoras did not talk about Mind as cause at all, but rather about air and ether and other mechanistic explanations. For Socrates, however, this sort of explanation was simply unacceptable:

    To call those things causes is too absurd. If someone said that without bones and sinews and all such things, I should not be able to do what I decided, he would be right, but surely to say that they are the cause of what I do, and not that I have chosen the best course, even though I act with my mind, is to speak very lazily and carelessly. Imagine not being able to distinguish the real cause from that without which the cause would not be able to act as a cause. (99a-b)

    Frustrated at finding a teacher who would provide a teleological explanation of these phenomena, Socrates settled for what he refers to as his “second voyage” (99d). This new method consists in taking what seems to him to be the most convincing theory—the theory of Forms—as his basic hypothesis, and judging everything else in accordance with it. In other words, he assumes the existence of the Beautiful, the Good, and so on, and employs them as explanations for all the other things. If something is beautiful, for instance, the “safe answer” he now offers for what makes it such is “the presence of,” or “sharing in,” the Beautiful (100d).
    Phaedo, IEP

    I'm not going into exegesis of Plato here - there are many other threads that do that - but simply pointing out that the distinction between physical causation and what are described 'real causes' - why some course of action is taken, and not another. The kind of judgement that requires discriminative wisdom.

    (This sentiment lived on in Aristotle's 'final causation', the end to which things are directed, which has on the whole has been rejected by modern philosophy as an example of teleological reasoning.)

    The Salthe paper concludes:

    ...why is there anything? Because the universe is expanding faster than it can equilibrate. Why are there so many kinds of things? Because the universe is trying to simultaneously destroy as many different energy gradients as possible in its attempt to equilibrate.

    To which a Platonist response might be: so what?
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    There seems to be a large distinction between "the reasonable universe," which seems to actually be acting "for no reason at all" and the "reasonable creatures," who act for intentional purposes. The use of "good" for both seems completely equivocal. And perhaps this is why you (apokrisis) have put "good" in quotes when referring to the universe?Count Timothy von Icarus

    :up:

    You are not receptive to a technical redefinition that could make good metaphysical sense.apokrisis

    I will chip in here, even though the objection was not addressed to me, as I've taken the time to read material about biosemiosis, Howard Pattee, Stan Salthe, and others, as a consequence of your mentioning them (and learned a lot by so doing). However, I maintain that what you're proposing is not metaphysics - it's the attempt to re-purpose concepts from the natural sciences, specifically, the second law of thermodynamics, and Schrodinger's concept of negentropy, to fabricate what sounds like a metaphysics, but which ultimately reduces back to physics, within which the only 'purpose' that organisms serve is to hasten the rate of entropification.

    The big difference between natural science and philosophy, is that in the former, there is always a gap between knower and known. It seeks objective knowledge. But philosophy considers questions of our own lived existence in which we are inevitably both participants and instigators. It's a very different thing. I believe that's why Wittgenstein said that 'We feel that even if all possible scientific questions be answered, the problems of life have still not been touched at all.'
  • "Aristotle and Other Platonists:" A Review of the work of Lloyd Gerson
    I only learned of Leo Strauss through this forum, by means of a previous contributor, Apollodorus. I've subsequently read the SEP entry and recently found a long essay, from which:

    In 1988, one of Strauss’s most vociferous critics, published an entire book on the debate over Strauss. Shadia Drury, professor of philosophy and political science at the University of Regina in Canada, wrote in The Political Ideas of Leo Strauss that she had once been dismissive of Strauss’s scholarship and, like Burnyeat, “perplexed as to how such rubbish could have been published.” But once she began to see Strauss as not a mere scholar but also a philosopher in his own right, she became fascinated by him–and alarmed. She set out to expose Strauss’s thought for the dark, perverse, nihilistic philosophy that she understood it to be. “Strauss believes that men must be kept in the darkness of the cave,” she wrote, “for nothing is to be gained by liberating them from their chains.”

    I don't know if it's true, but it seems consistent with a lot of what is being said here, what with 'modernity being our cave'. For me, I'm giving up on discussing Plato on this forum, it is far too convoluted and contentious for philosophical edification. But I will continue to read elsewhere.
  • Donald Trump (All General Trump Conversations Here)
    The President of the United States is the most powerful person in the country, and possibly the world. When he uses his official powers in any way, under the majority’s reasoning, he now will be insulated from criminal prosecution. Orders the Navy’s Seal Team 6 to assassinate a political rival? Immune. Organizes a military coup to hold onto power? Immune. Takes a bribe in exchange for a pardon? Immune. Immune, immune, immune.

    Let the President violate the law, let him exploit the trappings of his office for personal gain, let him use his official power for evil ends. Because if he knew that he may one day face liability for breaking the law, he might not be as bold and fearless as we would like him to be. That is the majority’s message today.

    Even if these nightmare scenarios never play out, and I pray they never do, the damage has been done. The relationship between the President and the people he serves has shifted irrevocably. In every use of official power, the President is now a king above the law. ...

    Never in the history of our Republic has a President had reason to believe that he would be immune from criminal prosecution if he used the trappings of his office to violate the criminal law. Moving forward, however, all former Presidents will be cloaked in such immunity. If the occupant of that office misuses official power for personal gain, the criminal law that the rest of us must abide will not provide a backstop. With fear for our democracy, I dissent.
    Supreme Court Justice Sotomayer, Dissenting on Presidential Immunity
  • To What Extent is the Idea of 'Non-duality' Useful in Bridging Between Theism and Atheism?
    I wonder to what extent such a non-dualistic viewpoint offers a solution to the split between materialism and idealism, as well as between atheism and theism.Jack Cummins

    I first encountered it in my late teens through a pamphlet on the Teachings of Ramana Maharishi. I went on to read a lot of related books - in those days, there was the Adyar Bookshop, owned and operated by the Theosophical Society, which had a large range of titles. Stand outs were Swami Vivekananda's books, numerous titles on Zen, and the teachings of Krishnamurti. I think having some knowledge of non-dualism is an essential aspect of cultural and spiritual literacy in today's world.

    I am focusing on the idea of non-duality and asking do you see the idea as helpful or not in your philosophical understanding, especially in relation to the concept of God?Jack Cummins

    Early on, I came to understand that any concept of God was bound to be mistaken, although of course that is a difficult point to make. The crucial point that was conveyed to me in many of those books was the centrality of 'realisation'. Realisation, in that context, has two meanings: first, coming to understand, and also, making it real (as a builder 'realises' the design of a house). You learn what it means by seeing it, hence the emphasis on sadhana, spiritual practice.

    There's something very different about the way this is conveyed in 'dharmic' religions than in Biblical religions. Explaining it would take a long essay, but suffice to say that while dharma and religion overlap, they're not the same. Dharma is one of those quintessential words that doesn't have a direct equivalent in English, but a lot of people will mistakenly equate it with biblical religion due to their cultural background. See http://veda.wikidot.com/dharma-and-religion

    So rather than 'the concept of God', I think dharma teachings convey more a general "sense of the sacred", which in India, appears in many forms, or no form. It's a much more expansive understanding. Through my engagement with those teachings, at least I got some kind of felt sense of relationship to them. I guess you could say some degree of realisation, not that it amounts to any kind of attainment or unique insight. Having realised that, it helped me to re-assess Christian teachings, which in some ways I am closer to now than I was previously, although I'm not a church-goer.

    There are some 'Christian non-dualist' teachers. I could mention Father Richard Rohr, a Franciscan monk, who I encountered at the appropriately-named Science and Nonduality Conference.
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    A dichotomising epistemological claim is being made.apokrisis

    You're not seeing the point. The original question was in respect of:

    A star is doing a cosmic solid in rounding up a dust of matter particles and wasting them to background radiation. It is a self-organising furnace serving the Second Law of Thermodynamics in a way that is "good" from the true pansemiotic point of view.apokrisis

    Here, you're trying to rationalise 'goodness' in terms of physics, where 'serving the Second Law of Thermodynamics' which is like the scientific replacement for 'serving God's will'.

    But the end-point of the entire process is presumably the state of maximised entropy, the so-called heat death of the universe, which you then try to equate that with 'the pure state of śūnyatā'. I'm pointing out that it's a false comparison, it is not what 'śūnyatā' means.

    And no, I'm not 'shaking my fist in anger.'
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    The space of our democratic societies is flat. Nobody is allowed to stand higher than others. The first to be excluded is the One Above, especially when people claim to have received from him some message or mission that puts them closer to his divine reality—and thus higher.

    Democratic space must remain inside itself. To put it in Latin: It must be immanent. Tocqueville noticed that aristocratic man was constantly sent back to something that is placed outside his own self, something above him. Democratic man, on the other hand, refers only to himself. The democratic social space is not only flat but closed. And it is closed because it is has to be flat. What is outside, whatever claims to have worth and authority in itself and not as part of the game, must be excluded. Whoever and whatever will not take a seat at the table at the same level as all other claims and authorities, however mundane, is barred from the game.
    Rémi Brague, The Impossibility of a Secular Society
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    Steven Bannon, en route to prison, today: “Trump’s Thursday (debate) was a Pyrrhic victory. … You’re going to take out a guy you know you can beat and beat badly, and we’re going to have a wild card.”
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    It is a metaphysics of systems science for sure.apokrisis

    Śūnyatā is not a metaphysical posit. That was the only point.
  • "Aristotle and Other Platonists:" A Review of the work of Lloyd Gerson
    I assume the "underlying issue" for you is similar to what Chalmers labeled "the Hard Problem" of how humans are able to distinguish (differentiate) between obvious physical Reality (things) and obscure essential Ideality (essences).Gnomon

    Co-incidentally there might be a superficial resemblance. There's a theme in pre-modern philosophy, which is that reason, the capacity of intellect (nous) to perceive/grasp the forms (ideas, principles, essences) is what distinguishes rational man from dumb beasts. The 'eye of reason'. Hence the (specifically occidental) mythology of the rational soul, wherein reason itself has a salvific potential - although, for Aquinas, not unaided reason, as revelation is primary and all would be lost without it (he is after all a Christian saint). But the reason that passage appeals to me, and I've mentioned it many times, is because it lays out the outlines of Aquinas' version of Aristotle's 'matter/form' dualism very clearly. (You can find it here. Incidentally, also check out this dialogue with Google Gemini on the possible link between hylmoporphic dualism and computer design.)

    There's an over-arching narrative that interests me, although I don't know if anyone else here agrees with it - it is that with the decline of scholastic realism and metaphysics proper, something of great importance was lost to Western culture, generally. It's a book-length argument, though, so I'm not going to continue trying to press it.

    :up: Thanks, very good interview, illuminating.
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    Sounds a little zen, no? Eternalised equilibrium. The end of restless change in a pure state of Sunyata?apokrisis

    I was listening to a talk by Michel Bitbol yesterday, in which he tore strips off Frithjof Capra (in a friendly way): 'the language of physics is mathematics, and that of Buddhism is Sanskrit. The only thing they have in common, is that most Westerners don't understand either of them.'

    But the context is signficant, as he's a contributor to the Mind Life institute, which was set in motion by Francisco Varela to explore parallels between Buddhist philosophy and science. This talk was part of a Mind Life series on that subject.

    I would suggest that there's no 'state of śūnyatā'. Bitbol starts the talk by saying 'there's no such thing as a view of the world which fits with quantum mechanics.' At around 12:00 there's a slide with a quote from Niels Bohr, 'Quantum physics is a mathematical symbolism intended to predict probabilistically the outcome of experiments'. He compares that with Nāgārjuna's 'Emptiness is the relinquishing of all views'. It doesn't convey or entail a worldview, as such. (It is true that Buddhism incorporated and absorbed many elements from Hindu cosmology, but that is not especially relevant in this context.)

    I think 'Pierciean semiotics' is a metaphysics - a kind of scientific alternative to the creation myth, with the second law of thermodynamics being envisaged as the kind of driving force. But in Buddhism, the 'driving force' is neither a Biblical God nor a physical law. Beings are bound to the wheel of birth and death because of avidya, ignorance. But release from that - Nirvāṇa or mokṣa - is not stasis or non-being. What it is, of course, is said to be impossible to fathom, short of realising it. But that's a whole other thread.
  • Is there any physical basis for what constitutes a 'thing' or 'object'?
    I don't much know the teachings of the famous guysnoAxioms

    Bernardo Kastrup is worth becoming acquainted with if you want to know something about current philosophical idealism. Interview here. (His organisation has just published the second book by Federico Faggin, who developed the first microprocessor before having a major epiphany and turning his attention to "consciousness studies". I read his "Silicon" last year.)

    That was in reaction to your Magee quote, and it seems to presume a more fundamental (proper) idealism than the one described by your paper or Pinter.noAxioms

    Oh, I don't know. True, Pinter's books doesn't mention 'idealism' but there are 27 references to Kant. And there's a strong (if contested) relationship between Kant and modern cognitive science. It's actually very hard to get clear on what idealism actually means, but it certainly doesn't mean what a lot of people take it for, 'spooky ethereal mind-stuff'.

    That we put words to sets of material that we find useful does not imply that the material behind it is challenged.noAxioms

    That there is 'material behind it' is precisely the belief in question!
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    So from the Universe's point of view – to the degree it has one – entropification is good as a general goal as it allows the negentropic complexity that functionally accelerates that grand enterprise. A star is doing a cosmic solid in rounding up a dust of matter particles and wasting them to background radiation. It is a self-organising furnace serving the Second Law of Thermodynamics in a way that is "good" from the true pansemiotic point of view.apokrisis

    But isn’t the implicit end-point of this process non-existence? The ‘heat death’ of the universe?
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    I have exactly zero trust in the average intelligence of people. They do not have a historical perspective so don't understand fascism.Benkei

    Plato couldn’t have said it better.
  • Is there any physical basis for what constitutes a 'thing' or 'object'?
    The world which is there (for ages).
    Us in it, the human subject, also there, but now there with.
    And our perspectival experience the unique picture made of the other two, existing only in our head, filled with “objects” that are unlike the other two things.
    Fire Ologist

    With some apprehension, I will challenge that. I think it's basically grounded in the assumptions of scientific realism. Which is OK - so long as it's understood to be a grounding assumption, as it were - not a statement about the nature of "what is". I know that sounds far-fetched but consider, if the nature of objects is imputed by the observer, then why doesn't the same apply to the ‘external world?’

    I'm well aware this is the point on which idealism usually founders, but there's a stock quotation I call on, once again from Bryan Magee's book Schopenhauer's Philosophy, as follows:

    'Everyone knows that the earth, and a fortiori the universe, existed for a long time before there were any living beings, and therefore any perceiving subjects. But according to Kant ... that is impossible.'*

    Schopenhauer's defence of Kant on this score was [that] the objector has not understood to the very bottom the Kantian demonstration that time is one of the forms of our sensibility. The earth, say, as it was before there was life, is a field of empirical enquiry in which we have come to know a great deal; its reality is no more being denied than is the reality of perceived objects in the same room.

    The point is, the whole of the empirical world in space and time is the creation of our understanding, which apprehends all the objects of empirical knowledge within it as being in some part of that space and at some part of that time: and this is as true of the earth before there was life as it is of the pen I am now holding a few inches in front of my face and seeing slightly out of focus as it moves across the paper.
    — Bryan Magee Schopenhauer's Philosophy, Pp 106-107

    Bold but true, I believe.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    He's just a spoiler. Pity the worm didn't have a better appetite.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    I still reckon there's a possiblity that if a new nominee appeared at the eleventh hour, there could be a huge rush to them, just on account of him/her (probably 'him') being an alternative to the godawful mess that now exists.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    When Robert Hur called Biden, "an elderly man with a poor memory," did you think he was just one of Orange Hitler's minions? (Fess up, you probably did).fishfry

    No, but I think it was cherry-picked by many of them. As you probably know, Jim Jordan has tried to take the Justice Department and Attorney General to court to get his hands on the original recordings.

    According to party rules, the delegates that Biden won during the primaries (no actual primary competition allowed, and how's that decision looking today?) are bound to Biden. They can't vote for anyone else at the convention unless Biden releases them.fishfry

    We'll see. Desperate times call for desperate measures.
  • Is there any physical basis for what constitutes a 'thing' or 'object'?
    If we can’t know the objects in themselves and unmediated, then all “objects” should have quotes around them. They are ideal only.Fire Ologist

    Bingo. That, I think, is near to what 'the idea' stands for in Schop's World as Will and Idea. And that goes right back to the origin of metaphysics itself - that 'to be, is to be intelligible'. Why? Because if it appears to us as 'a thing', its identity must be cognisable: it's vegetable (pumpkin), or an animal (cat) or a particle (electron) etc. That if it doesn't have a form (eidos, idea) then it's not anything. (I'm still wrestling with all this, though - there are many devils in the detail.)

    My only solution to poke a small hole in the phenomenal veil is to triangulate towards the thing-in-itself by comparing the ideals from other minds who together investigate the same or at least similar phenomena.Fire Ologist

    I also see it that way - this is the basis of that rather post-modernist term 'inter-subjective agreement'.

    Where I think the real issue lies, is that our scientific selves want 'the world' to be precisely what it is, when we're not around to see it. That Phillip K. Dick quote, 'reality is what persists when you stop believing in it'. Because of the enormity and immense age of the universe revealed by science, in which we appear as 'mere blips'. It's a view which attempts to exclude the subject and subjectivity altogether, so as to grasp what is 'really there'. But it's precisely that which has been called into question by quantum physics (the Copenhagen interpretation, in particular. Hence the popularity of sci-fi series appealing to the many-worlds interpretation, like Dark Matter and Constellation, to mention a couple.)

    But to take your broader point - while I agree there are existing objects they're still always real for a subject. They are not ultimately-existing in the sense of being existent apart from the act of knowing. That actually has echoes of the Buddhist śūnyatā, which I've studied, but it's also notoriously difficult to understand. (I'm interested in the convergence between Kant, Schopenhauer and Buddhism. There's a marvellous French philosopher of science, Michel Bitbol, whom I learned of through this forum, who has many interesting things to say about all that.)
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    He did. Ronny someone. Got that reward for being a compliant flunky and saying good things about the Orange Emperor. That'll guarantee you a place in the MAGA pantheon.

    Again - hope you're right :pray:
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    we'd have to unpack what "objective" means. Round these parts, far too often it seems "objective" is taken to mean something like "noumenal," "existing 'in-itself' without reference or relation to anything else," or "completely mind independent." I don't know why this definition of "objectivity" is so widespread, given the relatively short tenure of the "objectivity approaches truth at the limit, and objectivity is the view of things as seen from nowhere" camp as a dominant strain of philosophy (or its spectacular collapse). Obviously, I am not a fan.Count Timothy von Icarus

    But isn't that itself a consequence of the kind of relativism that you're calling into question? What has been thrown into doubt is the whole category of transcendent truths, which I know for sure will be rejected by many of the participants in this conversation. The 'transcendent' is basically regarded as being synonymous with, or tantamount to, religious conceptions of 'divine law' etc. I think from a philosophy of religion viewpoint, that is the underlying issue in this debate.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    His most recent medical examination report published by the White House.

    The substance won't matter, though. Perception is everything, especially in this media-driven landscape. If he's perceived to be senile, then no reassurance from doctors will change that view. And Trump's health or mental stability or lack of it also won't matter. He is going to have to be beaten at the ballot box, there's no credible alternative. And I'm now agreeing with many others, that I don't think Joe Biden is the man who's going to do it.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    Given his age and other worrying signs, senility is the most natural and likely explanation.hypericin

    He's never been a fluent speaker and has often been prone to verbal slips. I presume as the President that he's is subject to regular medical examinations, right? And that if he were displaying symptoms of senile dementia, this is something that these examinations would detect? And that, were it detected, the responsible medical officers would report it and not try to conceal it? So, no, I don't believe he's technically senile, that is another slur that is used by his political opponents. But he is clearly affected by (as I said, enfeebled by) age, so it probably doesn't matter as far as the electorate is concerned. Many will regard him as senile, regardless.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    Regrettably, Trump seemed vigorous and not affected by age in that debate. Sure, he spouted a fire-hydrant of lies, boasts and hyperbole, as always. It's more that it might become apparent even to Biden and his inner circle that his condition is prohibitive - if he's like this now, how is he going to be at the end of a four-year term? I have the fantasy that the ticket will be declared open at the Democratic National Convention and that Biden/Harris will endorse another pair of candidates. I'm 100% certain the American electorate is crying out for an alternative and that if a credible pair was presented then it might precipitate a landslide for them. But I know it's a fantasy.
  • US Election 2024 (All general discussion)
    I really don't believe Biden is senile, but he is undoubtedly enfeebled by his age. I'm now rather hoping that he is found medically ineligible to continue in the very near future. Of course I am also outraged that Donald Trump is considered eligible to run for office after what he's done. But, we're still six months out, and many things could happen.
  • Assange
    He certainly gives them plenty of ammo.

    Hey there's a remark in today's Herald story which caught my eye, concerning the allegations of sexual assault in Sweden:

    The two women who accused him of assault had both had consensual sex with Assange – one alleged he had been rough with her, and had removed a condom without her knowledge, an act known as “stealthing”, which is criminalised in most Australian jurisdictions, as well as in Sweden.

    There are cases like this all the time nowadays, claiming that a condom had been removed without consent. My question is, how the f*** is the judicial system supposed to be able to ascertain the truth or falsity of such allegations beyond reasonable doubt??
  • Assange
    Another less-than-complimentary profile in today's Herald.

    Andrew O'Hagan was contracted to ghost-write a bio of Assange. The project fell apart due to Assange's lack of co-operation (@Tom Storm mentioned O'Hagan's essay on the matter which is here.) O'Hagan's take: 'He wants to be famous, but not scrutinised.' Ironic, considering that scrutiny of others is his basic stock-in-trade.
  • Pragmatism Without Goodness
    A common footing or shared truth is: we, at least in most respects, are physical beings.Outlander

    To which the philosophia perennis would respond, ‘well, there’s your problem! As everything physical is compound and subject to decay, then your identification with it is bound to result in loss and suffering’. But as contemporary culture regards only the physical as the real, then there’s no way to make sense of that. I think that is what underlies the mythology of heaven and higher planes of being, although the symbolic form in which that intuition is clothed is no longer part of today’s cultural lexicon. Or to riff on the song, 'we are spirits in the material world'.

    Elsewhere in the Analytic camp were those who became so committed to the idea of science as the "one true paradigm of knowledge," that they began to imagine that, if science couldn't explain conciousness, then conciousness (and thus conscience) must simply be done away with (i.e. eliminative materialism, which gets rid of the Good and the agent who might know it).

    From the other side came Continentals who came to define freedom as pure potency and power, and so saw any definiteness as a threat to unlimited human liberty. On such a view, anything that stands outside man must always be a constriction on his freedom. Everything must be generated by the individual. Perhaps we can allow the world to "co-constitute" with us, but only if a sort of freedom and agency, which in the end is really "ours" anyhow, is given to the world.
    Count Timothy von Icarus

    "nihil extra ego".
  • Is there any physical basis for what constitutes a 'thing' or 'object'?
    If you don’t mind my stepping in: one response that comes to mind is from Arthur Schopenhauer. There’s a section of a book, Schopenhaur’s Philosophy, Bryan Magee called ‘No Object without a Subject’. Magee explicates one of the central tenets of Schopenhauer’s metaphysical and epistemological views: the idea that the existence of objects is intrinsically tied to the presence of a subject that perceives them.

    Schopenhauer’s philosophy is built on the premise that our understanding of the world is mediated through perception and cognition. He argues that objects, as we know them, do not exist independently of our perception. This aligns with the broader philosophical stance of idealism.

    Schopenhauer was deeply influenced by Immanuel Kant, particularly the notion that the world as we perceive it (phenomena) is shaped by our cognitive faculties. However, Schopenhauer extends this idea, positing that the will is the fundamental reality behind all appearances.

    According to Schopenhauer, what we perceive are representations (Vorstellungen), which are dependent on the subject (I would add, as well as the object, as I don’t deny that objects exist). The “thing-in-itself” (noumenon), which Kant suggested lies beyond our perceptual faculties, is, for Schopenhauer, the will.

    Schopenhauer asserts that the existence of the objective world is contingent upon a perceiving subject. Without a subject to perceive, there can be no object. This challenges the notion of an independently existing material world - or independently-existing objects, for that matter!
  • Is there any physical basis for what constitutes a 'thing' or 'object'?
    But your paper doesn't seem to be the position held by most self-identified idealists who consider mind to be fundamental, supervening on nothing else.noAxioms

    Thanks for looking at it, I appreciate your feedback. But I’d like to think that the essay is compatible with the canonical idealists, such as Berkeley (with some caveats), Kant, Schopenhauer, and our contemporary, Bernardo Kastrup.

    A perspective can collapse a wave function. Can God (with the supposed 'view from nowhere') do that?noAxioms

    Werner Heisenberg might have had an answer to that, in his writings on Physics and Philosophy, as he was both a pioneer of quantum physics, and someone whom I think could be described as a Christian Platonist. But I won’t pursue that here.