Comments

  • Christianity - an influence for good?
    The mass propaganda of Protestants against Catholics is well known.
    — javi2541997
    Is it? By whom? Which particular Protestants are waging what propaganda campaigns? If you accuse someone, you're expected to provide evidence. If you accuse millions of anonymous people, we should just let it slide?
    Vera Mont

    I'm not going to put a lot of effort into presenting evidence, but if you read enough old Chick tracts, and observe enough of the people who pass them out, you will have your answer.

    We are members of a species inherently wired for tribalism. Surely if systemic racism and sexism are worthwhile concepts, (and I'm inclined to think they are) then systemic anti-Catholicism doesn't sound implausible. In the US today there is not as much anti-Catholicism as their used to be. The Protestant tribe is feeling surrounded and feels the need for allies. (Not to mention the Supreme Court is packed with Catholics.) US Protestans see tribes other than Catholics as being of much greater concern for the time being.

    As a preachers kid I've seen 'how the sausage is made'. I have first hand experience with having a pumped up oxytocin and/or vasopressin level at church camp. To see myself as at 'one with' and deeply loving and loved by those around me. To see such a mind altering experience as surely an experience with God, because how else could I explain such a dramatically altered state of mind? In that state of mind, we could see that it is clearly US that are on the right track.

    https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brain-reboot/202307/the-neuroscience-of-tribalism
  • I am deeply spiritual, but I struggle with religious faith
    I still feel lost. Now, I have a closer approach to Christianity, but only the surface. Yet I am aware that I can sound contradictory about stating that philosophy doesn't fill my ethical notions but religion does, etc. I feel I am trapped in a cage.javi2541997

    It sound to me like you need to find...

  • I am deeply spiritual, but I struggle with religious faith
    Although I was dubious about religion, I became sure that enlightenment was real, and had some vivid epiphanies at quite a young age.Wayfarer

    I'm aware of Armstrong, that he is author of Materialist Theory of Mind, which has always been anathema to me.Wayfarer

    I find that second quote interesting in light of M. Scott Peck's thinking on stages of spiritual growth from The Different Drum.

    Of Stage III Peck says:

    Skeptic, Individual, questioner, including atheists, agnostics and those scientifically minded who demand a measurable, well researched and logical explanation. Although frequently "nonbelievers," people in Stage III are generally more spiritually developed than many content to remain in Stage II. Although individualistic, they are not the least bit antisocial. To the contrary, they are often deeply involved in and committed to social causes. They make up their own minds about things and are no more likely to believe everything they read in the papers than to believe it is necessary for someone to acknowledge Jesus as Lord and Savior (as opposed to Buddha or Mao or Socrates) in order to be saved. They make loving, intensely dedicated parents. As skeptics they are often scientists, and as such they are again highly submitted to principle. Indeed, what we call the scientific method is a collection of conventions and procedures that have been designed to combat our extraordinary capacity to deceive ourselves in the interest of submission to something higher than our own immediate emotional or intellectual comfort--namely truth. Advanced Stage III men and women are active truth seekers.

    Despite being scientifically minded, in many cases even atheists, they are on a higher spiritual level than Stage II, being a required stage of growth to enter into Stage IV. The churches age old dilemma: how to bring people from Stage II to Stage IV, without allowing them to enter Stage III.

    I'm curious as to your thoughts on Peck's view.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    Certainty is, on some accounts, indubitable belief.

    Now there are all sorts of things that go undoubted. Are we certain of them all?

    Or do we need reason, justification, warrant, to doubt?
    Banno

    Unfortunately I haven't read On Certainty. Off the top of my head I'd say it's a big subject and I'm apt to start talking about our neurology and how it can result in doubt arising subconsciously in a way such that reason, justification, and warrant aren't the most applicable terms to be using.

    On the other hand, I consciously consider doubt in the reliability of the cognitive faculties of myself and others to be a matter of good epistemic hygiene.

    In any case, I'm not good at knowing how to respond to such an open ended question. So I'll leave it for you to clarify if you want to discuss things with a more specific focus.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    Previous experience has shown that Corvus will not correct his errors nor accept any interpretation not at one with his own, apparently now to the point of extremis.

    On the other hand, he has quite successfully made this thread about himself.
    Banno

    As I said quite a ways back in the thread...

    It can be helpful to understand that some posters post seeking narcissistic supply, and admitting having been wrong is never part of that 'plan'. In such cases, it's good to be able to recognize that one has made a mistake oneself, in thinking that one is dealing with a reasonable person.wonderer1

    Still, I was hoping you could falsify my working hypothesis.

    For better or worse, life has trained me to have strong pattern recognition of narcissism. (Both grandiose and vulnerable type.) I would have preferred being shown to be wrong.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    Why - because that would be entertaining?Banno

    No, because if you are able to get through to Corvus, observing how you did so might provide me with insight that I don't have at present.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    Are You Not Entertained? — Maximus, and Banno

    Hoping to be edified.
  • Is the Pope to rule America?
    And if you’ll are mad that God messes with Abraham’s head well I’ve got some news for you…Moses

    I'm not mad, but I'm curious about the news you are alluding to.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    In Corvus world, there's only one way for the ground to get wet.flannel jesus

    I recommend sitting back and observing whether or not Banno can get through to Corvus. Here, have some popcorn.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    P 1: If I am thinking then I must exist
    P2: I am thinking
    C: Therefore I exist.

    That seems valid but it may not be sound I suppose, although it is hard to see what is wrong with it.
    Janus

    One problem I note is that "I" is not well defined. Does "I" refer to some immaterial thing which interacts with the pineal gland?

    Of course we all have some conception(s) associated with "I", but how accurate is that conception?
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus


    I agree. My recent discussion of Kahneman's fast and slow thinking was an attempt to convey something similar.
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    They think the real danger is that we have a dangerous tool to use against each other.Metaphyzik

    :up:
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    ...(singularity is near / kurzweil).

    I find the whole subject to be surrounded by religious-like zeal. In a positive way. We all want to (most of us anyways) embrace a positive fantastic advancement. It’s just that the emperor has no clothes most of the time.
    Metaphyzik

    I've never been a singularity enthusiast, and haven't read much from those who have been really into the topic. But I've been thinking along the lines of Geoffrey Hinton for about a year now:

    In 2023, Hinton expressed concerns about the rapid progress of AI.[32][31] Hinton previously believed that artificial general intelligence (AGI) was "30 to 50 years or even longer away."[31] However, in a March 2023 interview with CBS, he stated that "general-purpose AI" may be fewer than 20 years away and could bring about changes "comparable in scale with the Industrial Revolution or electricity."[32]

    In an interview with The New York Times published on 1 May 2023,[31] Hinton announced his resignation from Google so he could "talk about the dangers of AI without considering how this impacts Google."[66] He noted that "a part of him now regrets his life's work" due to his concerns and he expressed fears about a race between Google and Microsoft.[31]

    In early May 2023, Hinton revealed in an interview with BBC that AI might soon surpass the information capacity of the human brain. He described some of the risks posed by these chatbots as "quite scary". Hinton explained that chatbots have the ability to learn independently and share knowledge. This means that whenever one copy acquires new information, it is automatically disseminated to the entire group. This allows AI chatbots to have the capability to accumulate knowledge far beyond the capacity of any individual.
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    I do marvel at the learning that happens and how patterns can be put together.

    I just balk at calling that intelligence / mental abilities / on the way to consciousness. It is a leap. A neural net is like a pattern buffer (that is just over simplifying it of course) that makes the patterns and logic behind the structure of it grow.
    Metaphyzik

    I'd say it is quite justified to see machine learning as analogous to aspects of what we experience as our intelligence. If you haven't read it, I highly recommend Daniel Kahneman's book Thinking, Fast and Slow.

    The case is strong for the sort of low level neural behavior illustrated in the video providing the basis for what Kahneman refers to as "fast thinking". It's the capacity for fast thinking, that we share with lots of other animals, that automates our perceptions and allows for us making important split second decisions regarding the four F's in order to successfully pass on one's genes in the jungle.

    But again, that is just an aspect of what we experience as thinking. Kahneman's "slow thinking" is a substantially more neurologically mysterious matter.

    What seems to be missing is the important part - the intent, or whatever you may consider to be the drive or will or self-awareness. An AGI would still be able to say: I think therefore I am (or whatever variant you prefer).Metaphyzik

    Well I would say there are many important parts that are missing to get to AGI. I don't see AGI as just around the corner or inevitable. However, we've reached the performance of modern bots, with much cruder hardware than I thought would be capable of doing what Claude 3 is able to do. So I don't see my ability to predict the future regarding this subject as nearly as good as it used to be. Wax up your singularity surfboard.
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    Keep in mind that a chat bot is supposed to look like a human conversing, that’s it’s programming….Metaphyzik

    I don't get the impression that you grasp the extent to which the behavior of modern chatbots is a matter of what the system has *learned* how to do, rather than a matter of what the system has been *programmed* to do. To a substantial degree the system has been programmed to behave like a neural network. It is the learning that comes from the artificial neural network being *trained* that results in the impressive capabilities of modern chatbots.
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    How's that, then? Can you set it out?Banno

    I don't have much confidence in my ability to get my perspective on this across, and mostly just hope people will intuitively grok it, but I'll try.

    I see the state of the output neurons of the trained neural net in the video as being about the state of the input, but only in the limited sense of that network abstracting an 'indication of numerality and which numeral' from the visual field presented as input. The outputs of that neural net are not about recognizing faces, for example. Of course another neural network operating in parallel can have outputs that are about recognized faces. At a yet 'higher' level we could have a neural network that takes as inputs the outputs of both numeral and face recognizer subnets.

    I'd suggest that with awareness of the way neural nets are apt to 'snap to' an output state, some insight into the phenomenology of a Necker cube or a duck-rabbit snapping from one recognized object to another can be had. E.g. the output of a neural net at some level, snaps from being about a recognition of a duck to being about a recognition of a rabbit.

    Thoughts?
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    Just not sure how that helps to consider a program as intelligent.Metaphyzik

    An important topic in philosophy of mind is "intentionality". From the Stanford Encyclopedia:

    In philosophy, intentionality is the power of minds and mental states to be about, to represent, or to stand for, things, properties and states of affairs. To say of an individual’s mental states that they have intentionality is to say that they are mental representations or that they have contents. Furthermore, to the extent that a speaker utters words from some natural language or draws pictures or symbols from a formal language for the purpose of conveying to others the contents of her mental states, these artifacts used by a speaker too have contents or intentionality. ‘Intentionality’ is a philosopher’s word: ever since the idea, if not the word itself, was introduced into philosophy by Franz Brentano in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, it has been used to refer to the puzzles of representation, all of which lie at the interface between the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of language...

    To me the video conveys a sense in which a relatively small trained neural network (whether composed of actual neurons, or simulated neurons) can, with training, develop outputs that are *about* the input.
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    Give me an example of how an abstract feature of training data can lead to reasoning? This is more in the line of mysticism isn’t it?Metaphyzik

    This YouTube video on the rudiments of how neural networks work might provide some insight.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    I think the "problem" with Descarte's thought experiment is the "I".ENOAH

    Just adding to the "Same." chorus. :up:
  • Counter Argument for The Combination Problem for Panpsychism


    BTW amber, welcome to the forum. You've brought up topics I'm quite interested in. (One might say autistically obsessed with. :wink:)
  • Counter Argument for The Combination Problem for Panpsychism
    Without an explanation (whether panpsychism or something else), the question of how matter becomes conscious is "it just does." Which is magic without an attempt at an explanation.Patterner

    Just based on a mainstream scientific picture, (for example the perspective presented by Sean Carroll in The Big Picture without any added panpsychism sauce) there is reason to expect a comprehensive explanation of the nature of consciousness to be beyond the cognitive grasp of humans (at least without a lot of help from AI).

    There is no good reason to look at it in a black or white way though. It's not a matter of "it just does". There are a lot of parts of the physical underpinnings of consciousness that can be understood if one spends time developing a broadly informed perspective on scientific findings relevant to the subject.
  • Counter Argument for the Evolution problem for Epiphenomenalism
    Amen. And I have apnea. Even with the CPAP, it's almost impossible for me to read. Even excellent, exciting novels are almost always beyond my ability. But I commute more than a half hour each way, and often more than an hour, and audible is great for me.

    Tse is not available on audible. I try to read it as I can.
    Patterner

    Sorry to hear about the apnea, but glad to hear Audible works for you. I've tried Audible, but didn't like it. Luckily for me, I have a short trip to work.
  • Counter Argument for the Evolution problem for Epiphenomenalism
    Lars Chittka is mentioned in the article. He has a great book called The Mind of a Bee.Patterner

    Good to know. If my stack of unread books weren't so high...
  • Counter Argument for the Evolution problem for Epiphenomenalism
    A Claude 3 response to my argument:

    Reveal
    I appreciate you providing this additional context and framing around the bumblebee study in relation to questions about the nature of consciousness. You raise some thought-provoking points that I'll do my best to respond to:

    1. I agree it's wise to avoid getting overly mired in simplistic philosophical notions like epiphenomenalism when considering the hard problem of consciousness. The relationship between physical processes and consciousness is deeply complex.

    2. Your sketch of an argument highlighting the potential role of consciousness in facilitating language-based learning and cultural transmission in humans is compelling:
    - Language clearly plays a pivotal role in human learning and knowledge accumulation.
    - Our conscious states seem tightly linked to our linguistic outputs that others learn from.
    - This suggests consciousness may act as an important "filter" or causal factor shaping the informational value of our communications.
    - This capacity for conscious linguistic interaction enabling social learning appears quite unique compared to non-human species.

    3. Bringing it back to the bumblebee study - the findings suggest a rudimentary ability for cultural transmission of knowledge that was previously thought exclusive to humans.

    4. However, as you note, the human capacity for conscious linguistic interaction and systematically building a vast body of sharable knowledge through that process appears considerably more sophisticated than what we've observed in bumblebees so far.

    5. Viewing consciousness as playing some causal role in our cognitive capabilities, including social learning and teaching, need not necessarily contradict causal closure under physics - perhaps consciousness arises from physical processes in ways we don't yet fully understand.

    Overall, I concur that the evidence points towards consciousness having an important functional role in enabling the uniquely human skills of symbolic thought, language mastery, and accumulation of culturally transmissible knowledge - even if we haven't yet untangled the metaphysical nature of consciousness itself. Continuing to study the extent of similar capacities across species provides an interesting comparative lens. You've given me much to ponder on this fascinating issue spanning neuroscience, cognition, and philosophy of mind. Well argued!


    Claude 3's response to "What suggestions can you make towards a criticism of the argument I presented on the philosophy forum, from within a naturalistic metaphysics."

    Reveal
    Here are some potential criticisms or counterpoints one could raise to the argument you presented on the philosophy forum, while still operating within a naturalistic metaphysical framework:

    1. Correlation does not imply causation. While there is a clear correlation between conscious states and productive linguistic output enabling social learning, one could argue this does not definitively prove consciousness plays a direct causal role. The relationship could be more indirect or emergent from underlying neurological processes.

    2. The hard problem of consciousness remains unresolved. Even if consciousness facilitates certain cognitive functions like language, we still lack a complete theory for how and why subjective experience arises from physical processes. A criticism could be made that handwaving to consciousness' causal powers is premature without a fuller explanatory model.

    3. Other faculties may be more directly causal. Some could argue that other cognitive capabilities like working memory, executive function, theory of mind etc. are more direct drivers of the linguistic skills enabling cultural transmission, rather than consciousness per se playing a specialized role.

    4. Anthropic bias. The unique human strengths in this domain could potentially bias our perspective on the true role and extent of consciousness required for these capacities across other species. We may be overestimating its importance.

    5. Ambiguity of consciousness. Definitions of what constitutes a conscious state can be quite varied. Critics could argue the argument rests on an imprecise or ungrounded notion of consciousness itself.

    6. Other species may have unappreciated capacities. As the bumblebee study hints, other species may have more rudimentary versions of cultural transmission enabled by precursor cognitive capabilities not necessarily requiring human-like consciousness.

    Overall, while your argument outlines an intuitive perspective, potential counterpoints could challenge the empirical certainty of consciousness' causal role, the feasibility of locating subjective experience in a naturalistic framework, or anthropocentric assumptions about the relationship between consciousness and social learning capabilities. Addressing these concerns could strengthen or refine the argument further. But you've raised fascinating issues at the intersection of cognitive science and naturalistic metaphysics.
  • Counter Argument for the Evolution problem for Epiphenomenalism
    Please let me know what you think!amber

    My recommendation is that if you want to seriously consider the nature of consciousness, it's a good idea to avoid getting to caught up in simplistic philosophical notions like epiphenomenalism. (Not to say there isn't value in considering how epiphenomenalism can be avoided given a naturalistic view (e.g. causal closure under physics).

    One thing to consider is the role consciousness plays in language based learning. Here is a sketch of an argument, though I'm not going to be at all rigorous. (So maybe more accurately stated, a set of dots that you might intuitively see connections between.)

    (1) It seems obvious that language plays a big role in our learning.

    (2) The amount that can be learned from someone is highly correlated with the conscious state of that person. People talking while asleep, or under the influence of powerful opiates, don't tend to produce nearly as much language that can be learned from, as those who are in a normal conscious state.

    (3) It seems reasonable to think of consciousness as, at the very least, an important 'filter' on the language we social primates emit.

    (4) I think we have good reason, based on our interactions with each other via language, to see our consciousness as playing a causal role in our ability to learn from, and inform/teach each other.

    (5) I don't see any of the above as being contradictory to causal closure under physics.

    As some added food for thought, here's a blurb on a recent article on the ability of bumblebees to engage in social learning: It seems to me, that the evidentiary case for consciousness playing an important causal role in the human capacity for social learning, is quite strong.

    What do you think?
  • Graham Oppy's Argument From Parsimony For Naturalism
    ...but just read this back to yourself. You're a troll, and what you're doing here is trolling, and we know you're a troll, and we know that there is no good reason to throw pearls before trolls. ...but apparently to your mind the religious are simply afraid of subjecting their personal inferences to your superior rational skills, lol.Leontiskos

    Yeah, hostile reactions like that are pretty typical.
  • Graham Oppy's Argument From Parsimony For Naturalism
    A third-person example has already been provided: link. Feel free to address it.Leontiskos

    I'm afraid your third person example is hear say.

    (I won't "make it personal," no. That is a terrible approach in general, especially when it comes to contentious religious debates.)Leontiskos

    The thing is, I used to be a believer and believed I had experiences of God. What I considered at that time to be good reasons for such beliefs didn't stand up to scrutiny. Furthermore, when I've asked people who claim to have had experiences of God, to explain what they interpreted as experiences of God, they tend to respond as you have.

    I can relate to being uncomfortable sharing that sort of thing, because even when I believed I had had experiences of God, I knew in the back of my mind that I really couldn't justify those beliefs in the face of critical thinking being applied to them.

    So I'll leave it to the back of your mind, to let you know whether your reasons for believing that you have had experiences of God really stand up to scrutiny.
  • Graham Oppy's Argument From Parsimony For Naturalism
    - Someone who has interacted with God on a number of occasions is similarly situated to the child.Leontiskos

    1. Do you believe yourself to be somone who has interacted with God on a number of occasions?

    2. If so, are you willing to talk about how you came to that conclusion?
  • Graham Oppy's Argument From Parsimony For Naturalism
    The Gideon example is also interesting because in general it's not considered to be a good sign of his character that he "puts the Lord to the test."Count Timothy von Icarus

    Declaring it a sign of poor character, to engage in critical thinking when it comes to one's religion, seems like it could be a psychologically effective way of keeping people from questioning the religious beliefs they inherited.

    Is there a reason to think otherwise in the case of Abrahamic religions?
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    You shouldn't be saying it, you shouldn't even be saying it if you were right. It's so disgustingly self righteous and haughty.flannel jesus

    People aren't narcissistic as a matter of free willed choice. So despite how natural it seems to do so, it doesn't really make sense to blame people for being narcissistic.
  • What is 'Mind' and to What Extent is this a Question of Psychology or Philosophy?
    I am certain that if our senses pointed inwards our so-called inner lives would be less of a mystery. In there is a multiplicity of parts and movements we just aren’t privy to in the present arraignment.NOS4A2

    What form do you imagine such internal sensors taking? After all, if we had an internal eye and light source to look at our brain as a whole, I wouldn't expect it to provide much interesting information.

    In a very meaningful sense we do have senses pointing inward, in that we have neurons in our brains which monitor and report on the goings on in other parts of our brains. I suppose a case might be made for it potentially being beneficial to have such internal monitoring to a greater degree, but natural selection tends to weed out features like heads too big to pass through a mother's birth canal.
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus


    Thanks for taking the time to present all of this.
  • Exploring the Artificially Intelligent Mind of Claude 3 Opus
    ASSISTANT: (Opus, Third answer, temperature still set to 0.3)Pierre-Normand

    Did you mean Sonnet rather than Opus there?

    [quoting Opus(?), Second answer, temperature set to 0.3]
    On the core topic of direct and indirect realism, I am struck by the way our conversation has highlighted the richness and complexity of perceptual experience. While the dichotomy between direct and indirect realism can serve as a useful starting point, it seems clear that a truly comprehensive account must go beyond such simple categorizations.

    As Haiku eloquently expressed, perception is an embodied, dynamic process of organism-environment coupling. It is not merely a passive reception of sensory inputs, but an active engagement with the world and its affordances. This holistic perspective resonates with the phenomenological tradition, which sought to describe the lived experience of perception in all its nuanced depths.

    At the same time, Opus's rigorous analysis reminds us of the importance of precision and logical clarity. The physiological and causal underpinnings of perception cannot be ignored, even as we acknowledge the directness of the perceptual act itself. A truly satisfying account must find a way to integrate these different levels of analysis without falling into reductionism or oversimplification.

    Perhaps what is needed is a kind of "transcendental empiricism" – a philosophical framework that can do justice to both the first-person, phenomenological dimensions of perception and the third-person, scientific insights into its underlying mechanisms. Such an approach might draw inspiration from thinkers like Merleau-Ponty and Wilfrid Sellars, who sought to bridge the gap between the manifest and scientific images of the world.
    Pierre-Normand

    It's pretty freaky to see a machine articulate, what for me was a rather inchoate swirl of thoughts. I forsee a lot of potential for such systems as 'articulatory prostheses' for aphasic and autistic people.
  • What can I know with 100% certainty?
    Thinking is a private mental event. It has nothing to do with being in any shape or form.Corvus

    Aside from forms like inebriated, feverish, anesthetized...
  • Indirect Realism and Direct Realism
    Indeed! Although your detractors may rather feel vindicated in their intuition that you are a bot ;-)Pierre-Normand

    That had occurred to me. :wink:
  • Indirect Realism and Direct Realism
    [quoting Claude 3 Haiku]Perhaps the most constructive path forward is to resist the temptation to declare a decisive victory for either direct or indirect realism, and instead focus on developing a more holistic understanding of the human experience of the world - one that acknowledges the complexities and ambiguities inherent in our perceptual faculties.Pierre-Normand

    From my perspective, the question of the thread looks like an attempt to address a complex subject (actually a diverse set of subjects) with a false dichotomy.wonderer1

    Great minds... :wink:
  • The Gospels: What May have Actually Happened
    2. Early Christians were willing to die for their belief in the content of the New TestamentBrendan Golledge

    Perhaps that is mostly a matter of folklore.

    https://www.bartehrman.com/how-did-the-apostles-die/