Humans don't need science to destroy their environment, and in fact, they'd likely do more damage without it.

Argument: If we try to understand how the human mind works, it means that we have the mind as the object of cognition. However, we employ the same mind as the subject of cognition as well. (The MIND tries to understand how the mind works). Besides, we use the mind as the instrument of cognition while cognizing how the mind works. (No other instrument is available to us to perform this task.)
Conclusion: These dialectical conditions make it impossible for us to understand how the human mind works. — Dmitri

Your conclusion does not seem to follow from your Argument. You need to actually justify your conclusion and its connection to your argument. Why does it make it impossible?

Probability is widely and commonly used in applied mathematics.

Probability arose from gambling which in many cases, it can provide an accurate and reliable model of the relative long-term frequency.

Also, the OP's question doesn't really have much to do with probability, as ratios are not necessarily probabilistic.

That doesn't follow. The exact value is either $\frac{1}{5}^{23}$ or $\frac{1}{5}^8$. It cannot be both numbers at the same time.