My son is taking an intro to philosophy class and asked me just the other day, what is "conscious". We had the following exchange:
Me:
“The problem is, all words we run to in aid of a definition of "conscious" suffer from the same need of definition: What is "awareness" "perception" "cognition" "contemplation" "sense" "feeling" etc.
So I think, then, maybe we should go by contrast: What does it mean to be "unconscious"? When that is asked, people usually look to the comatose, the dead, a P-zombie, or, ultimately, a rock. All things which we think distinguish conscious from unconscious.
But when I think of a rock, I am not so sure it is not conscious. After all, where an objective view might see the Ancestral Rocky Mountains rise and fall, like an ice cream cone on a hot summer sidewalk, only to rise and begin melting again, then who is to say that such a time-lapse is not lapsing, and the rock is just is on a different plane that we are not (and cannot be?) conscious of?
And what if the rock is an integral part of a different consciousness, without which that consciousness could not exist? For example, when does an automobile cease to be an automobile? When you take away the body? A tire? All tires? The engine? What makes an automobile and automobile? If "we" are conscious, what parts can be removed without removing consciousness? The leg? An arm? Our heart? The blood it pumps to the brain? Can we do without some parts of our brain while still being conscious? And, as to that last piece of the brain without which consciousness cannot be, how much of it can be removed while still retaining consciousness? And if that part has no blood to serve it? No heart to bring the blood?
Are there different levels of consciousness? Low, medium, high? Or consciousness for different purposes? Accomplishing the job in the cubicle to earn a living? Fixing/rigging a broken farm implement because it's too far to town? Wandering around Athens in a robe, contemplating the nature of consciousness? Is consciousness brought to us by leisure, purchased by a full lung and belly, rested?
I say conscious is to be. The rock is conscious, because it is. We are no better, not higher, and maybe, from an objective perspective, not even different. Do not dismiss the rock so lightly, or we might be just as guilty as those who discounted the sentience of the non-human animal. And who's to say that rock is not to a different consciousness as that last individual cell is to the last part of the brain without which consciousness cannot be?
As one wag once said: "You know what a rock says? 'It's your move.'"
My son:
“Interesting, so from there, out of sincere curiosity I ask to you: what is it to be? Because, we may think that as a simple answer to be is "well.. to be." but I don't think that to be is simply to exist as a body, potentially it lies in that definition of consciousness that you provided me, if so then that is the answer but I have to ask can you be without being conscious? Can you be conscious and not be? I feel like this sounds elementary on my end but It's the first question that popped up when reading this, as basic my question is it was the initial question so I ask that to you in hopes of an answer despite how abstract or undefined it might be. What is it to be? Liked reading your response it was very good to read and to help me think!”
Me:
“Well, as you know, my opinion is that A not only = A, but it also = -A. So, yes, you are, and are not, and conscious, and unconscious as to each. After all, if A could not be not-A, then it is a weak sauce indeed. ("A" being All, or God, if you will.) But I don't want to go that far right now. I would rather submit that there is a greater conscious (A) of which we are, in all our manifestations, simply a part. Like the rock to the Earth if the Earth were a being, ala Gaia (which she is, and is not). Check out Gaia. Could she continue to be without that rock? I guess it depends upon how you define her. Like the automobile. What is an automobile? Or, better yet, there is the old philosophical argument about "All swans are white." What happens if you find a black swan? Well, it depends upon how you define "swan." If all swans are indeed white (i.e. whiteness is an integral character of swanness), then that which is black is, by definition, not a swan. But if you define swans in some other way, then a black swan proves the statement false. So, what is "conscious"? Is there more than one? Are their levels? That brings us back to my previous argument. Who are we to say what conscious is?
So, to answer your question, to be, is to be a part of. Since it is not possible to not be a part, then to merely be, conscious or not, is to be conscious. No man is an island; the Earth does not belong to us, we belong to the Earth, etc. So, we are conscious whether on an individual level, or as part of a greater consciousness. But our conscious is to the greater conscious as a rock's conscious is to that greater conscious.
To be is to be a part, not apart.