The Cartesian Problem As I read your last post I got this picture of a problem (for lack of a better word) appearing over and over in different guises. It's like a pendulum swinging or oceanic tides... an on-going dance between some form of naturalism and some form of idealism. Volition, qualia, boundlessness involved in a love/hate relationship with mechanical cause and effect.
In the light of that, the Cartesian problem is a perennial problem. It turns out that it can't be merely in the context of Descartes' challenges that we understand his use of
mind. But instead we recognize that he used that word for a reason. Grasping that reason isn't so straight forward because attempting to grasp it, one finds oneself enmeshed in holism.
Chomsky insists that all languages have essentially the same features. In a sense, there is only one underlying language. This fundamental language is not a tool that developed for practical reasons. It's an expression of something basic about humanity. And for this reason, we can have some confidence that if we time-traveled to ancient Sumeria and struck up a conversation about
mind with the locals, they would fairly easily understand what we mean, though the problems they deal with are very different from our own.