But it seems to me that Kant has failed to prove that external objects actually exist. — Dusty of Sky
Failed to prove presupposes the attempt, which Kant had no intention of doing. It is entirely sufficient that the external world be given, as a product of sensibility:
“...For, otherwise, we should require to affirm the existence of an appearance, without something that appears, which is absurd.....”
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Kant argues that the external objects we represent to ourselves need not be at all similar to the external objects which actually exist. — Dusty of Sky
Not so sure about that. If the representation is from intuition, then similarity is given from the sensation by which the external objects affects, which makes the assertion false; if the representation is from conception, or even a mere idea, then similarity to extant objects need not be given, re: transcendental objects, but the representation is not of external objects in the first place, which makes the assertion confused.
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He argues that truth is the agreement between concepts and their objects. — Dusty of Sky
“....The definition of the word truth, to wit, the accordance of the cognition with its object...”
It is possible to have a conception that does not proceed to a cognition: think of counting for twenty minutes and you can conceive of arriving at a number at that time span, but you cannot cognize the truth of which number. If you think the succession of numbers contained in a given time, you can cognize the truth of a certain number, but you have technically not counted, but rather, you’ve instituted a judgement on a mathematical construction.
Concepts.....that which arises spontaneously from the faculty of understanding....cannot in themselves, serve as criterion of truth. The accordance of a concept with its object is a judgement, and the only source of error in this particular speculative epistemology generally, is in fact, the faculty of judgement.
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Premise 4: Causality does not apply to perceptions. — Dusty of Sky
Technically correct, insofar as causality suffices as the rule for the succession of moments of perception in time. And while causality is not a perception, it remains applicable to it.
“...That something happens, then, is a perception which belongs to a possible experience, which becomes real only because I look upon the phenomenon as determined in regard to its place in time, consequently as an object, which can always be found by means of a rule in the connected series of my perceptions....”
Causality is a category, and while itself transcendentally determined, is always and only empirically applicable. And that to which any category is empirically applicable presupposes a necessary perception, or a possible perception.
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Am I being faithful to Kant? — Dusty of Sky
Not really, but then......if you’re presenting a theory of your own, with, as you say, a different structure, how could you be? Besides, while an interesting read in itself, the thread title and the body of the opening comment don’t seem to have much to do with each other. Even if......
The basic idea is that we require a concept of the external world in order to discern a temporal order among our perceptions. — Dusty of Sky
......is the case, nothing is contained therein sufficient to refute idealism as a doctrine, and certainty doesn’t relate to Kant’s exposition on it, which breaks down the overall doctrine into two specific types, of which only one is refuted. The other being merely.......mmmmm.....frowned upon, shall we say. What I mean is, your body of text is taken from “Analogies of Experience”, but Kant’s refutation of idealism is taken from “Postulates of Empirical Thoughts in General”. I guess I would have liked to see these two connected somehow within the body of the opening text, such as found in A228/B281, which no one unfamiliar with Kantian epistemology would ever ascertain on his own.
Anyway.....good work.