The question I want to ask is the sense in which gestalts are irreducible. — Wayfarer
In being holistic, they would be irreducible to atomic events, but perfectly reducible to semiotic structures – the triadic structure of a hierarchical order.
Semiotic logic says reality has irreducible complexity. You can't get simpler than – as Gestalt theory puts it – the relational view that is a figure and its ground. The hierarchical thing of the local mark within its global frame. Each holistically needs the "other" for anything to definitely be. And what exists to be talked about is that there is not just a difference, but a difference that makes a difference as it is a mark made in a way that has its answering interpretive context.
So holisism reduces, just as atomism reduces. But one finds its irreducible foundations at the level of a system of relations, the other at the level of naked actions in voids.
(And a holist will point out that "actions in voids" is still really a dialectical metaphysics. Atomism just likes to brush over this uncomfortable fact.)
And isn’t the so-called ‘wave function collapse’ exactly analogous to the forming of a gestalt where there was previously only an array of probabilities? — Wayfarer
The "collapse" is reductionism jumping to its atomistic conclusion. The wavefunction is an encoding of how a quantum system has the holism of its relational context.
So a gestalt as a brain process does jump to find its atomistic events by equally abruptly turning everything around the event into the discarded information that becomes the "void" which makes the event now stand out in high contrast fashion.
You can actually measure this with electrodes taped to the skull. When a subject suddenly spots a target – in "Where's Wally" fashion – there is a characteristic P300 wave of activity. The brain attends by suddenly suppressing all the background buzz and so zeroing in on Wally where he has been hiding among to crowd. This takes about 300 milliseconds. One instant, you experience a confused sea of faces, the next you are exactly sure there is that bobble hat, specs and striped jumper just behind some random figure.
It must surely be something like that for Wheeler’s diagram, as it was presented in the context of his discussion of his baffling ‘delayed choice’ experiment. — Wayfarer
Delayed choice says that at the quantum level, entanglement is across time as well as space. As you would expect from spacetime. So emergence must rule. In some physical sense, everything is connected in a global contextual fashion that stands "outside" our classically imagined spacetime.
But then, the Cosmos can have its P300 contrast sharpening event and Wally pops out as a collapse of the wavefunction. A particle appears "right here" in terms of some mechanical recording device having its logic state flipped. The particle could have been anywhere – within the context of the bounds imposed by the constraints of relativistic spacetime. But all those other possible places become now concretely suppressed by the fact that energy got dissipate in precisely this one localised event.
Signal is created by noise being discarded. In Gestalt terms, the squiggled R stands out on the blank page as clearly being the mark that matters and requiring our full attention. Wally is plain and present. But what quantum theory says – as does semiotics – is that the making of the blank page is just as much what just happened as the sudden appearance of this distinctive mark. Voids can't be taken for granted. They appear along with the particles that are being manifested.
At the quantum level, the wavefunction greatly narrows the space of possibilities. It already adds enough constraints to roughly define the outcomes in terms of their probabilities. We are already looking for Wally either going through one slit or both slits, depending on how we choose to add our finishing touch in terms of an act of measurement – a final thermal forcing of the situation that completely constrains things.
But then as I just said, preparing a system to the level it is now counterfactually poised between two equally possible outcomes is already a fairly decohered state of reality. Electrons fired at diffraction grating in a laboratory is hardly the same as even trying to find an electron-like action in the Planckscale fireball of the Big Bang.
We exist at a scale where the Big Bang has become almost its Heat Death void. The blank sheet of paper of the atomistic imagination has become pretty much the case as something that is "just there" and being scribbled all over by the marks of atomic events. The void is no longer hot enough to add the uncertainty that would make it hard to tell electrons and protons apart from the spacetime they exist in.
Wheeler's diagram of course is still just making an epistemic point. But given you want to connect to the ontology of quantum theory, this is how that same "holistic gestalt logic" applies to existence as a story of Big Bang decoherence. The emergence of a blank page and its marks from a hot roil of unbounded possibilities where neither could as yet counterfactually exist.