https://www.tkm.kit.edu/downloads/TKM1_2011_more_is_different_PWA.pdf

The thinking is defined as a process in which we work on known ideas with the aim of creating a new idea — MoK

Could you give some examples of known ideas and new ideas? How does it work?

Thanks for the article. I will read it when I have time.

Could you give some examples of known ideas and new ideas? How does it work? — Corvus

When I say "cup", you immediately realize what I am talking about since the word refers to an idea. The sentence "the cup is on the table" contains many words; each word refers to an idea. The sentence, however, refers to a new idea, which in this case is a situation.

When I say "cup", you immediately realize what I am talking about since the word refers to an idea. The sentence "the cup is on the table" contains many words; each word refers to an idea. The sentence, however, refers to a new idea, which in this case is a situation. — MoK

There is nothing new about any of those words. Everyone in the world knows what "cup" is, knows what "table" is. You were just uttering a sentence from what you saw. That is just giving a description of the content of your perception. New ideas should be something that is absolutely new, so no one knew what it was, no one has seen or heard about it before in history. That is new idea.

So, I am not able to accept the definition you provided. Wrong definition of the concept leads to misunderstanding and confusion in the arguments and discussions.

My point was that a sentence has more content than separate words that make up the sentence. We couldn't possibly communicate any new idea if a sentence does not have such a property. If you are looking for an absolutely new idea, then please consider the conclusion of the OP, namely, AI cannot think.

'As of lately a fierce debate has started, even in the public domain, regarding the potential benefits and dangers of artificial intelligence. From our understanding of evolution described in Chapter 3, it is quite easy to understand this debate: Please recollect that there are two attributes of systems that could be used to understand different classes of systems: a classification based on the interaction between a system and a collection of data, and a classification based on the interaction between a system and its purpose. Both these provide an understanding of the evolution of systems. It is my perception that artificial intelligence has progressed quite well in the classes that require interactions with collections of data. It is a very valid and open question if or when artificial intelligence will obtain the capability of abstract thought (Class 7 systems) and even surpass humans.This will not necessarily keep me awake at night, perhaps we humans can learn something from artificial intelligence with this capability. But then, in the worst-case scenario, this might lead to a world war that would surpass any war in the history of Homo sapiens. What most definitely keeps me awake at night is the possibility that artificial intelligence might obtain the capability of survival (Class 3 systems). p117 How I Understand Things. The Logic of Existence.