• Truth Seeker
    1.1k
    The Equal Omniscience and Omnipotence Argument

    Premise 1:

    If a being is omniscient, it knows every possible outcome of every possible creation.

    Premise 2:

    If a being is omnipotent, it has the power to bring about any logically possible outcome, including the existence of beings who are equally omniscient and omnipotent.

    Premise 3:

    A world where all sentient beings are equally omniscient and omnipotent would contain no involuntary suffering, no vulnerability, and no inequality, since each being could prevent harm to itself and others.

    Premise 4:

    A perfectly omnibenevolent being necessarily prefers the outcome that maximizes well-being and minimizes suffering.

    Premise 5:

    Creating vulnerable, ignorant, and powerless sentient beings when one could instead create equally omniscient and omnipotent beings knowingly introduces avoidable suffering.

    Premise 6:

    Knowingly introducing avoidable suffering contradicts omnibenevolence.

    Conclusion 1:

    If a deity created sentient beings who suffer, that deity either lacked the knowledge, the power, or the will to prevent that suffering.

    Conclusion 2:

    Therefore, such a deity cannot be simultaneously omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent.

    1. If God could have made all beings equally omniscient and omnipotent but did not, God is not omnibenevolent.
    2. If God wanted to but could not, God is not omnipotent.
    3. If God did not know such a creation was possible, God is not omniscient.
    Therefore, a being responsible for preventable suffering cannot be all three at once.
  • Philosophim
    3.2k
    A nice start, but lets find the real lesson here.

    You've defined 3 impossible terms. Lets tweak them a bit.

    Omniscient - A being which knows what can possibly be known.
    Omnipotent - A being which is as powerful as a being can possibly be.
    Omnibenevolent - A being which is as good as a being can possibly be.

    Now the contradiction goes away. Define impossible terms and you get impossible results.
  • Truth Seeker
    1.1k
    Redefining the terms might seem to remove the contradiction, but it really just hides it behind vaguer language. If “omniscient” now means “knows what can possibly be known,” the obvious question is: who decides what counts as “possible”? If suffering is deemed “unknowable” or “unpreventable,” that’s not solving the problem - it’s admitting that the being isn’t truly all-knowing or all-powerful. It turns the classical God into a very capable but ultimately limited entity.

    Likewise, “as powerful as a being can possibly be” is circular. Possible given what? If a world without suffering is logically possible, then failing to create such a world shows a lack of either power, knowledge, or will. If it’s not possible, then reality itself imposes limits on this being, meaning omnipotence was never real to begin with.

    And morally, the issue doesn’t go away. Even if this being is “as good as possible,” if it foresaw preventable suffering and chose to allow it, then by any coherent moral standard, it’s not maximally good. If goodness allows needless agony, the word loses meaning.

    So, redefining the terms doesn’t eliminate the contradiction - it just concedes that the traditional “all-knowing, all-powerful, all-good” God can’t exist without being reinterpreted as a finite or morally compromised one.
  • Philosophim
    3.2k
    it’s admitting that the being isn’t truly all-knowing or all-powerful. It turns the classical God into a very capable but ultimately limited entity.Truth Seeker

    Correct. Thus, the problem is solved. No being can be unlimited. The lesson is to ensure that one's definitions do not cross into impossible territory. Whenever listening to anyone's proposed terms, one should first evaluate whether the terms are logical in themselves before accepting them as true.

    Likewise, “as powerful as a being can possibly be” is circular. Possible given what?Truth Seeker

    Given the limits of reality. We don't know those limits, so putting them forth is futile.

    If a world without suffering is logically possibleTruth Seeker

    We do not know this. It may not be possible.

    If it’s not possible, then reality itself imposes limits on this being, meaning omnipotence was never real to begin with.Truth Seeker

    Even if it were possible, omnipotence defined as "All powerful" is impossible. The term itself results in the ability to not contradict when a contradiction occurs. There are limits to everything.

    And morally, the issue doesn’t go away. Even if this being is “as good as possible,” if it foresaw preventable suffering and chose to allow it, then by any coherent moral standard, it’s not maximally good.Truth Seeker

    If it foresaw unnecessary suffering, had the power to do something about it, and suffering was truthfully evil in this instance, then we can imagine a better being existing because there are humans who would do something about that. Meaning you haven't made a contradiction, you've simply yet to describe the the most benevolent being that has the power to prevent 'evil'.

    So, redefining the terms doesn’t eliminate the contradiction - it just concedes that the traditional “all-knowing, all-powerful, all-good” God can’t exist without being reinterpreted as a finite or morally compromised one.Truth Seeker

    It doesn't have to be that a God is morally compromised. It simply means if you are going to describe a God with impossible terms, you're going to get an impossible conclusion. The only realistic way to describe a God is with realistic terms.
  • unenlightened
    10k
    Suffering is good for the soul.
    Imperfection is better than perfection.
    Knowledge creates the unknown.
  • Truth Seeker
    1.1k
    Thank you for the link to your other post. I read it and I totally agree.
  • Truth Seeker
    1.1k
    You’ve correctly pointed out that “no being can be unlimited.” But that admission doesn’t solve the problem - it changes the subject. The argument was never about a limited superbeing, but about the logical incoherence of the traditional theistic claim that God is simultaneously omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent.

    If you concede that omnipotence and omniscience are impossible, then you’re agreeing that the classical God concept is self-contradictory. That’s not a solution to the problem of evil - it’s the abandonment of classical theism. You’re left with a finite, naturalistic being operating within the limits of reality - powerful perhaps, but not divine in any ultimate sense.

    Saying “we don’t know if a world without suffering is possible” also doesn’t rescue the theistic claim. Theists don’t usually portray God as uncertain about metaphysical possibilities; they claim that God created all metaphysical possibilities. If suffering is built into reality’s fabric, then God either designed it that way (which contradicts perfect goodness) or lacked the power to design differently (which contradicts omnipotence).

    Regarding your point that omnipotence itself is impossible: if so, then every theology that attributes omnipotence to God collapses into incoherence. The “lesson” here isn’t to adjust definitions but to recognize that the very concept of an all-powerful, all-good, all-knowing deity fails under logical and moral analysis.

    So yes - I agree that redefining God with “realistic terms” avoids contradiction. But what you’re describing then is not the God of classical monotheism; it’s a finite being within a constrained universe. In that case, the argument doesn’t refute my point - it confirms it.
  • Truth Seeker
    1.1k
    “Suffering is good for the soul” only makes sense if (1) souls exist, and (2) suffering actually improves them. Both claims lack evidence. What we do know is that suffering destroys countless lives - human and other sentient species - including those who never learn, grow, or recover from it. If an omnipotent, omnibenevolent being needs agony to teach virtue, it’s a design failure, not moral wisdom. A competent creator could achieve moral growth through joy, empathy, or insight - not torture.

    “Imperfection is better than perfection” is self-contradictory unless you redefine “better.” Better than what? If something is better, that means it surpasses another state, implying a standard of perfection that it moves closer to. You can’t coherently claim imperfection is superior to perfection without hollowing out the meaning of both terms.

    “Knowledge creates the unknown” is a poetic statement, but epistemologically false. Knowledge reduces the unknown; ignorance is what creates it. Expanding understanding reveals new questions, yes - but that’s a deepening of knowledge, not a return to ignorance.

    So all three claims rely on romantic inversions of meaning rather than reasoned argument. They sound mystical, but once unpacked, they offer no coherent defence of suffering or imperfection.
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