In addition an appeal to cultural moral norms is an appeal to moral relativism. The exact opposite of an objective standpoint. — Fooloso4
the folly of ‘debate’ (which I have strong dislike for being nothing other than a political weapon used to bend people to your will). — I like sushi
If children were created by some randomised process absent of parents then it would not be a question of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ at all. Let us say some machine. Let us go further and say a biological system. Further still, some biological reproductive system by creatures that have a primary instinct to reproduce. Such creatures may then evolve to have something they refer to as ‘choice’ … it is here where you seem to think ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ overrides any personal perspective on life being ‘good’. — I like sushi
There is the E-language, whereby there are statements such as "A triangle has 80 degrees, and is a three sided polygon". The set "180 degrees, three sided and polygon" has been named "a triangle", such that the statement "a triangle is three sided" is analytic.
There is the I-language, whereby there are concepts such as a triangle has 180 degrees, is three sided and is a polygon.
I can have the concept of a triangle without knowing the word "triangle", and I can know the word "triangle" without knowing what it means, without having the concept triangle.
Though interacting with the world, my private concept of triangle is linked with the public word "triangle". By interacting with the world, my private I-language is linked with the public E-language
The Nominalist view is that abstracts don't exist in the world, only in the mind, meaning that as triangles and bachelors are concepts they only exist in the mind as abstractions.
In the sense that concepts exist in the mind as an I-language and definitions exist in the world as an E-language, I agree with Fodor that concepts cannot be definitions
I also agree with Fodor that concepts don't have an internal structure, and are, in Kant's terms, unities of apperceptions
Both the words "triangle" and "bachelor" exist in the E-language which exists in the world, whereas triangles and bachelors exist as concepts in the I-language which exists in the mind. — RussellA
As a side note, I always thought Hume's constant conjunction was itself a psychological mechanism that he simply wrongly did not recognize as such. As even learning the habit of inferencing (even if not "actually" inferencing as some innate mechanism) is a psychological mechanism, is it not? Yes it may not be necessary in what is observed but it is necessary on our reasoning (pace Kant). Clearly it could be the case these habits are false, but then why can we discuss and use them at all? There does seem to be a non-cultural element to it. That itself needs to be verified or falsified. — schopenhauer1
The next question is, how are concepts in the I-language linked with words in the E-language. — RussellA
The fallacy is only being committed by those who believe in homuncular reifications like “consciousness” and “experience”. — apokrisis
As a definition is the name of a set of words, regardless of the meaning of those words, all definitions are analytic, including the definition of a "bachelor" as an "unmarried man".
1) = CHOMSKY AND QUINE ON ANALYTICITY PART 1
2) = IEP - Willard Van Orman Quine: The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction — RussellA
It is not the case that in attempting to define the notion of "bachelor", I must think to myself what does it mean to be a bachelor, and conclude that bachelor means a man that is unmarried. Rather, a definition is a set of other words, and the meaning of the words in the set plays no part in the definition. The function of the dictionary is not to explain the meaning of each word, its function is to group sets of words together and then name this set, as illustrated by Banno here.
For example, within a language are a set words "dirisha", "mlango" and "chumba", none of which I know the meaning of, but for convenience the set may be named "nyumba". As "nyumba" names the set of words "dirisha, mlango, chumba", regardless of knowing the meaning of each word, it is necessarily known that "nyumba = chumba", ie, which is analytic.
The meaning of each word may only be discovered out with of the dictionary, external to the dictionary, for example using Hume's principle of constant conjunction of events, as illustrated here, or Wittgenstein's picture theory in the Tractatus. — RussellA
Yes I was actually going to point that out regarding the difference between "A triangle is 180 degree, three sided polygon" and "Bachelors are unmarried males". Kant may have said that the triangle is in some sense "a priori" whereas the bachelor is always a posteriori true. However, I think this distinction is muddled as there doesn't seem to be any clear distinction.
Triangles are abstractions.
Bachelors are abstractions.
Triangles are abstractions of observations, found in both nature and human-made instances.
Bachelorhood is only found in human-made instances (or conventions if you like) but are nevertheless abstractions.
Both are derived from some initial observation and passed on as definitions. — schopenhauer1
It’s also called tough love. — invicta
does Kant above help you at all ? — invicta
I'm just noting that you expresses some agreement with the phenomenological approach to defining consciousness, — Banno
and then I showed why it is not much help, using a reductio argument: we agree that air conditioners are not conscious, yet the phenomenological approach cannot show that this is so. — Banno
Are you saying something really self-referential to Wittgenstein like, we can't use "phenomenology" of consciousness because it is private and cannot be shared? — schopenhauer1
The outcome of goodness is not guaranteed in the individual despite the pain and suffering one is put through irrespective of the moral dilemma of putting one through such suffering and the morality of depriving them of autonomy (liberty-freedom) — invicta
A "red" cone cell responds to all the light. It switches off when it "sees" too much "green" light. It can switch on when it "sees" a general lack of "green" light. So right from the get-go, it is turning physics into information. It is reacting to electromagnetism with its own interest-driven logicism. — apokrisis
A justification might go something like:
1) In order for truly fulfilled humans to exist, struggle needs to exist.
2) Truly fulfilled humans are an inherent good and I can bring that about.
3) I create struggles to bring this about.
4) I have created states of affairs of truly fulfilled humans and thus inherent goodness.
4a) Collateral damage of burdens that only bring about suffering and not fulfillment may come about, but this collateral damage is permissible in the pursuit of the inherent good of fulfillment.
4b) Collateral damage of burdens that bring suffering, may be useful in some grander sense anyways, so not so bad. Maybe it has been helpful, but unknown to the sufferer how the burden was helpful.
4c) Violating the non-harm principle and autonomy principle are less important than the possibility of bringing about inherently good states of affairs of fulfilled humans.
Is character building more important than non-harm or autonomy? Does the pursuit of virtue and the meaning that comes from being burdened and suffering trump deontological principles of non-harm and autonomy and not using people?
Even more interesting, is the notion that one is bringing about good states of affairs by creating humans that need to overcome burdens even accurate? Rather, perhaps is creating negative states of affairs of deficits that didn’t exist that now need fixing. — schopenhauer1
Since this isn't getting anywhere, might best just leave it. — Banno
I don't see how that is contradicting rather than supporting what I am saying.
Are you saying that the definition has thus changed because it is being used thus in a language community (pace Wittgenstein)?
Are you saying that the new definition thus encompassing things like air conditioners and ChatGPT is breaking the normal boundaries?
Are you saying something really self-referential to Wittgenstein like, we can't use "phenomenology" of consciousness because it is private and cannot be shared?
What exactly are you saying, I guess? I have not figured out the rules of your language game here so I can play. — schopenhauer1
Again personal growth is a personal journey, but the closest way to achieving your aims would be through sport. — invicta
Just in general creating an artificial environment to emulate real life situations ends in disaster as you’re not creating a soldier but raising a child. — invicta
Seems to me bringing vague, muddled notions of objective and subjective into the discussion can only lead to it becoming vague and muddled. — Banno
Hence my referring us back to the methodological point. Treating air conditioners or ChatGPT as conscious requires a change to the way we usually use the term, that is not found in treating creativesoul as conscious. — Banno
1) Consciousness means something like emergent properties that go off script from programming (ChatGPT or its successors perhaps)
2) Consciousness is something with degrees of freedom (slugs have more degrees of freedom than an air conditioner)
3) Consciousness is something with goal-seeking behavior. It wanted something, got it, and did some more things to get that thing. — schopenhauer1
This muddled stuff about subject and object is, for my money, off-topic. — Banno
Do you now wish to add this to your definition of consciousness? — Banno
Your air conditioner has inner phenomenological experiences. Prove me wrong. — Banno
For the Direct Realist, the sky is objectively blue, in which case the statement "the sky is blue" is synthetic and refers to a world that is external to the mind.
However, for the Indirect Realist, as the sky is not objectively blue, but only subjectively blue, the statement "the sky is blue" is still synthetic but refers to a world that exists in the mind and not external to the mind. — RussellA
It is of course never justified. As the wording itself says personal development rather than interpersonal development. Despite pushy parenting or good intentions — invicta
I would say struggle and difficulty are inherent to human existence. What is needed are the skills to navigate human life in such a way that one can have a relatively good life given the struggles and difficulties that invariably obtain for the vast majority (the privileged few who don't have to work at living are acknowledged, but even they will experience some kind of difficulty inherent to human existence).
As I said above, I have sympathy with the idea that one avoids all of this by not bearing children. I think anyone thoughtful enough to plan on whether to have a child should consider the basic fact they will bring another person into this vale of tears. Unfortunately, folks often (probably) have children for all kinds of reasons wholly unrelated to the interests of the one who is born. That's an unfortunate reality. Nonetheless, once that new, human life starts sucking air, a whole set of responsibilities obtain that can't be discarded on account of the fact it might have been a bad idea to breed. — public hermit
Now you are agreeing with me that it doesn't.
That'll do. — Banno
It'd take no time at all to set up shutdown and boot sequences to do what you describe. — Banno
Unless you wish to redefine consciousness to the extent that it applies to your air conditioner.
After all, it is aware of suitable changes in temperature and responds appropriately.
I raised the neo-phenomenological approach only to point out that it is useless. — Banno
As for child-having, I don't believe people genuinely hold the view that the point of having a child is to create opportunities of struggle for them. — Tzeentch
I don't believe people genuinely think it is their duty to make other people (their children) struggle.
It sounds more like the mental gymnastics that happens when people's previously unchallenged notions about child-having get called into question.
I find it unconvincing from A to Z (as I'm sure you do too), and honestly can't be bothered to engage with views that I am certain people don't genuinely hold. — Tzeentch
The unethical deed was done earlier. What comes after is people trying to cope with the broken pieces. — Tzeentch
That being said, I reject the idea that someone's autonomy as a human is being violated when it comes to teaching children how to be responsible humans, if that's the argument. Yes, there is a point where one can place undue burden on a child, but proper rearing need not entail undue burdens. To the contrary, I would argue it's a violation of their humanity to not teach children how to be an autonomous human. We cannot be a law unto ourselves without discipline and experience. — public hermit
Example 1: A child needs education informally (at the least) on how to navigate society and formally (for industrialized "modern" societies). Thus one can say that for the sake of the child, it needs to be burdened with ever increasing and varying challenges to overcome. This, most people would say is a necessary imposition as it prevents the child from struggling and dying from lack of enculturation and knowledge. — schopenhauer1
Maybe I'm misunderstanding the point of this thread, but the idea that a child with no education in how to navigate life is going to flourish as an autonomous human is a pipe dream. If one ends up flourishing as an autonomous human because they figured it out on their own through trial and error, then the undue burden was placed on the front end by the adult who neglected to train them. — public hermit
So the idea is to not bring children into the world so they won't have to learn how to navigate an existence that entails struggle and suffering — public hermit
The unethical deed was done earlier. What comes after is people trying to cope with the broken pieces. — Tzeentch
This is just your special pleading for a theistic metaphysics. You haven't dealt with my naturalistic argument. — apokrisis
But you need to get a grip on the true reality. Final causation is very clearly bottom-up. It is basic and fundamental to every action of organic matter, as purpose driven activities. You know that. So why do you claim final causation to be top-down, when you know that the purposefulness of living activities stems from the very existential base of the material organism? — Metaphysician Undercover
I just meanwe need people with the kind of character suited for our society. If we were Spartans it might call for different skills, I guess. — public hermit