An atemporal, "eternal" cause of a universe that has a definite age (like 14 billion years) is incompatible with the principle of sufficient reason, since such a cause lead us to expect an infinite age of the universe — there's no sufficient reason that the universe is 14 billion years old and not some other age, any other age in fact.

Something strangely "atemporal" would be inert and lifeless.

It's not as if the world exists objectively apart from us as subjects. Subject and object are co-arising or co-defining. — Wayfarer

Merely declaring so is much like saying the Moon didn't exist until onlookers noticed it in the sky.
We differentiate perception and the perceived; always elevating their relation to existential dependency is poor philosophy.

Now people are saying objects have no size. Oh boy! — Gregory

Whether they can be said to exist or not, these are abstract objects, not my sandals. :)
The formalisms, theorems, etc, is how you treat them, you don't wear them on your feet.

Say, there's 10 meters over to the neighbor's front door.
That's a distance between two places here in the world.
Maybe some prefer saying "there's roughly 10 or 11 meters over there"; doesn't really matter much.
Unless you walk the wrong way, then it's almost 40,000 km longer.
The mathematical treatment (or modeling) of these things hold up just fine.

, MathJax is supported:

$\displaystyle\frac{1}{3} = \displaystyle\sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \frac{3}{10^n} = 0.333\cdots$

where $\mathbb{N}$ does not include $0$

To render:

Anyway, to 's point, the three expressions around the $=$ symbols are just different ways of writing the same number, out of any number of ways.

, just in case you're new around here, these things come up every now and then — Zeno "impossible!" ∞ "paradox" 1/0 ... — usually due to some misunderstandings. :)

While at it with the "paradoxes", here's Aristotle's wheel:



:)

(y)

The Law of Identity states that a certain thing is identical to itself, and I ask why. — Monist

(I suppose your inquiry itself is meaningless, if identity was abandoned; not just your inquiry, every inquiry.)

There cannot be anything in particular prior identity.

Why is identity necessary? — Monist

It's not. (Necessity presupposes identity, if we're talking modal logic at least.)

It's kind of self-evident, isn't it?
Meaning auto-supposes self-identity.
When talking about the soccer match, thinking of the neighbor, etc, we automatically go by identity.
Abandon identity and the posts here are meaningless.

What the...?

Trump rails against windmills: 'I never understood wind'
John Bowden
TheHill
Dec 2019

Incidentally: On Bullshit

Any such mathematical object always has zero Volume in higher dimensions (here I'm using generalized Volume):
A point has zero length, a line has zero area, a plane has zero volume, a unit sphere has ...
What's so odd about that? (How many of them do you want to banish anyway?)

Volume of an n-ball (Wikipedia)

Would the Archimedean properties be worth mentioning here (since they seem to be ignored all over the place)?
Infinites and infinitesimals aren't real numbers (nor rationals etc):

$\infty \notin \mathbb{R}$
$1/\infty \notin \mathbb{R}$ (archaic Wallis notation)

Don't use them as if they were (outside of convenience in specific contexts).

Continuum is a set of points where for every two points in the set there exists a point in the set that is in between the two points. — Magnus Anderson

Related to dense sets:

Dense order (Wikipedia)

You guys are so HARD on Cantor! — John Gill

Just some folk are. :)

We ought to treat the existence of non-computability and incommeasurability much more seriously than we do. Yet mathematicians push them aside and think somehow that they are 'negative' or something that ought to be avoided. — ssu

There are a bunch of areas in computer science on computability and such, e.g. ...

Computational Complexity Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Computational complexity theory, Computational complexity (Wikipedia)
NP-completeness, NP (complexity), P versus NP problem (Wikipedia)

Within some limits you can write code to handle infinite sets.
Nowhere near what mathematicians routinely do, but some things are possible.

How are abstracts externalized in the first place?

Compare:
Some are loved, some are hated, many have known love, many have known hate. After an extinction, love and hate could be rediscovered. So, love and hate are existentially independent of any one person.
Love and hate are phenomenological experiences, qualia. Phenomenological experiences are existentially mind-dependent, i.e. subjective. So, love and hate are subjective.
Thus, commonality (independence) does not entail existential independence of persons.
Asserting otherwise might be charged with hypostatization (love and hate aren't somehow independent, though I'm sure some would say so).

What are the implications for abstracts and (the inert lifeless) Platonia, if any?
The unit-less number 7 (not a concrete count) isn't like love and hate, yet any/all concrete counts of 7 are subject to some ((re)discoverable) common rules and reasoning and such (algebra).
So, how are abstractions externalized anyway, supposedly inhabitants of some strange Platonia...?

@Devans99, you should know that the extended reals is not a semigroup, a group, a ring or a field.
There are certain contexts where such (sort of "artificial") constructs are convenient, as long as that's understood.
I don't think you can simply lean on this sort of convenience here and call it a day.

Again, we're moving in the direction of mystical, paradoxical phraseology. Philosophy - even language - is spectator to this sport. — ZzzoneiroCosm

You could say that.

Reminds me a bit the the Olympians. Once someone took a good look at Mount Olympus and didn't find them, they had relocated to :sparkle: "otherworldly" realms.

God as qualityless recession. — ZzzoneiroCosm

And now resigned from existence, too, of all things.

God does not exist. — Bishop Pierre Whalon

How is that different from atheism?

create ambiguity in the definition — Metaphysician Undercover

Disambiguation is what mentioned definitions do.

In other words you're never done. — Metaphysician Undercover

Say, $\sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}} f(n)$ is not a process like going shopping and returning home, it's a mathematical expression.
Convergence and divergence has concise technical definitions using the likes of $\forall$ and $\exists$.
I challenge you find and understand them. ;) At this point you might be in a position to launch critique.
By the way, you should know that this stuff has practical applications used every day by engineers, physicists and others.

Wow. This goes on forever, doesn't it? — John Gill

... when people aren't even trying. (Wait, I see what you did there.) :)
I suppose we might show the definition of $\lim$, and that it doesn't rely on $\infty$ other than implicitly by way of the neverending numbers.
Probably won't matter to the deniers, though, I sort of doubt it'd be worthwhile.

@Devans99, how about just treating undefined as a predicate, rather than a value (if you really must remain technical about it)?

1/0 = undefined (n)
undefined(1/0) (y)

Or, colloquially, we may just call it nonsense.
You don't see mathematicians using = about undefined (unless, perhaps, there's an implicit context by which that's understood).
Whatever expressions are undefined we stay away from if we want to make sense.

Are we talking Dunning-Kruger...?

Know thyself. — Delphi temple inscription, allegedly

How exactly would God go about "authorizing those speaking on his behalf"? — Mariner

Good question. I'm sure any almighty universal deity can come up with something quite good (if there's something sufficiently important to impart). Aren't they supposed to have created everything and know it all? Solipsists or some mentally challenged may not be reachable I suppose.

By the way, as of 2015, Christianity was the largest overall religion, counting about 1/3 of the world's population (not differentiating denominations sects cults fundamentalist or loosely associated etc). At best, some 67% had something wrong.
Projections will have it that Islam will become the largest religion in some decades, because they outbreed others and indoctrinate their children (those are my words, not Pew's, they're more "diplomatic").
Going by the 2m:48s youtube posted earlier, Sunnis already overtook Catholics about 20 years ago.
The truth of the matter is not a popularity contest, or what the most shrewd preachers preach, or who can produce the largest number of indoctrinated kids.

I'll just ask for authentic legitimacy of preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) the moment they start preaching, be they Shaivists, Catholics, Sunnis or Mormons. — jorndoe

how modern man is unequipped to understand what "God's existence" refers to — Mariner

Yep, for the most part. — Mariner

And with that you're now just declaring that your story (Catholic style?) is the be-all-end-all really real truth, incidentally contrary to ...

Just to clarify, the opening post is about authentic legitimacy of preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers), not so much about whether Yahweh is real or not.
Yahweh, Ahura Mazda, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, or Allah may or may not be real; there's no particular assumption either way. — jorndoe

That's fine if you call it faith. Otherwise, it's starting to look like plain old fund⚠mentalism (unless you can show authentic legitimacy of course). :meh:

the notion of "gods" — Mariner

... in this context was already exemplified.

• Ahura Mazda, Yahweh, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, Allah, etc refuses to authenticate and legitimize preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) to the subjects/targets of those preachers
• Ahura Mazda, Yahweh, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, Allah, etc refuses to delegitimize other preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) to the subjects/targets of those preachers — jorndoe

^{(Not the likes of spirituality, panpsychism, Spinozism, non-descript unassuming deism, God of the philosophers, ...)}

I relate to that, as it describes my spiritual quest pretty accurately. [...] I perfectly agree that dogmatic fundamentalism is odious. — Wayfarer

The topic isn't so much spirituality as such, or ...

The likes of panpsychism [...] Spinozism [...] non-descript unassuming deism — jorndoe

As an aside, I think Papal infallibility is perhaps taken with a grain of salt these days (in practical terms)?
The Protestants aren't on board anyway.

Apropos, there were some rumors on the street ...

Pope Advances One World Religion Agenda: Presents Buddhist Leader with Manifesto
Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz
Breaking Israel News
Dec 2019

Is that about the drift? — Wayfarer

Nope.

Feel free to assume so, and respond to that, though.

You think that is something nailed down? — Wayfarer

Of course not. I readily admit ignorance. Preachers, on the other hand, ...

The only sources of authentic knowledge of the real world, right? — Wayfarer

Or, say, Shiva, Yahweh, Allah, ... Except:

• Ahura Mazda, Yahweh, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, Allah, etc refuses to authenticate and legitimize preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) to the subjects/targets of those preachers
• Ahura Mazda, Yahweh, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, Allah, etc refuses to delegitimize other preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) to the subjects/targets of those preachers — jorndoe

Critical thinking without context is dangerous. — Banno

Learning context matters lots (as far as I can tell).
Incidentally one of the reasons why I think good, accessible education is important.

Let me just remind that this stuff isn't just about Yahweh and the Bible.

@Pfhorrest, you seem better at reading than some other commentators. (y)

Really? — Mariner

You forgot the rest. And authorship, self-legitimization, disproportionality, ... (Microscope deprecated here.)

(emphasis mine)

One point is that many atheist arguments begin with the presumption¹ that Biblical and other sacred texts are fictitious or purely mythical by default, and that the burden of proof is on the believer to show that they’re not. But then the requirement for what constitutes ‘evidence’ is something like peer-reviewed empirical data². — Wayfarer

1. Check this comment.
2. Preachers aren't just talking about feelings, epic experiences and revelations (and that someone spoke with a burning bush on their own out in the countryside); they claim to be talking about the real world, and matters that supposedly apply to all. The moment they do that they're right back here with us (and Newtons laws).

So the Burning Bush doesn't qualify? — Wayfarer

Again, self-legitimization, disproportionality, ... (Telling tall tales? Won't do.)

To which the answer is: 'nowhere, so there's nothing to discuss. Good day.' — Wayfarer

That's all? Skipping interference in politics and other peoples' lives, I'll just refer to indoctrination (mentioned prior).

There are no accounts of people who were aware of Newton's Laws of Motion before Newton published them. — Wayfarer

Compare this list (Wikipedia)

(I'd comment a bit more, but don't really think it's needed...?)

Jorndoe is holding religious revelation to anthropomorphic standards, i.e. what he would expect from a 'divine being' if such a being adhered to modern liberal democratic standards. — Wayfarer

No, I have no expectations either way (already suggested here).
I'll just ask for authentic legitimacy of preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) the moment they start preaching, be they Shaivists, Catholics, Sunnis or Mormons.

countries, laws, traditions, habits — Mariner

Are any of these words of authoritative absent gods, preached by people claiming to speak authentically and legitimately on their behalf?
(Really don't want to get into things like the awful Israel versus Palestine situation.) :(

Just remembered:

It is a peculiar habit of God's that when he wishes to reveal himself to mankind, he will communicate only with a single person. The rest of mankind must learn the truth from that person and thus purchase their knowledge of the divine at the cost of subordination to another human being, who is eventually replaced by a human institution, so that the divine remains under other people's control. — Patricia Crone

where is the evidence for that? — Mariner

Some evidence, observations and such (some mentioned prior):

• no reports of Yahweh having informed a group of people of Him and the importance of the Bible, without them already having been informed thereof by other humans; likewise for others (Ahura Mazda, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, Allah)

If memory serves, the Mormons' claim that Jesus visited the Americas has been thrown in the bin a few times over. Otherwise, that might comprise more significant evidence. If Allah (perhaps via Gabriel) had spread "The Word" through the Americas and Australia, then we'd have more significant evidence.

Compare this list (Wikipedia)

Did Yahweh inform you (the preacher) about Him and the importance of the Bible, or did other (fallible) humans?

• having whichever scriptures self-legitimize/authenticate/authorize/certify doesn't quite work (especially not if there already are ultimate authorities originators authors around) ^{e.g. the Great Commission (Bible, Matthew 28:16-20), "Allah says the Quran is the final truth; Allah says so in the Quran."}
• ... the Biblical Yahweh is only known from manmade scriptures
• are scriptures words of Yahweh, or is Yahweh words in scriptures?
• Authorship of the Bible (Wikipedia)
• Ahura Mazda, Yahweh, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, Allah, etc refuses to authenticate and legitimize preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) to the subjects/targets of those preachers
• Ahura Mazda, Yahweh, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, Allah, etc refuses to delegitimize other preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers) to the subjects/targets of those preachers
• ... Yahweh has not authorized Christians to speak on His behalf
• there's an obvious disproportionality between the (asserted) importance of messages from universal deities, and their delivery ^{e.g. Muhammad had private sessions with Gabriel in a cave, receiving messages from Allah of the utmost importance for all mankind, to be written down by Muhammad's friends (and your soul is at stake)}
• roughly, anything found in King James Bible that's not in Jefferson's edition has no particular historicity, but are matters of faith (which is fine for what it is) ^{e.g. supernaturally feeding 5000 + 4000 people with a handful of food}
• almighty deities would have no trouble informing humans, whereas humans would have to be told by whichever deity there may be how to approach them (if somehow strangely needed)
• deities neither evident nor necessary, just humans and humans alone
• by the way, fictional characters can't legitimize preachers to the subjects/targets of those preachers

Not going to launch critiques of scriptures here. Suffice it to say, that'd be tedious and lengthy testaments to human creativity.

Is this a question about law? — bert1

Nah, freedom is not the topic (nor on the negotiation table).
Though, I suppose, Heaven's Gate should have received some sort of intervention?

You say the Biblical YHWH is only known from manmade scriptures. This is not necessarily disproof for the existence of YHWH. — philrelstudent

Right. Per my comment a bit earlier, this stuff is more about the preachers. (Apologies for any confusion on that.)

Compare this list (Wikipedia) with the history of the various elaborate religions (the youtube animations have some rough overviews). If memory serves, the Mormons' claim that Jesus visited the Americas has been thrown in the bin a few times over. Otherwise, that might comprise more significant evidence. If Allah (perhaps via Gabriel) had spread "The Word" through the Americas and Australia, then we'd have more significant evidence. Why would the Pre-Columbian Americans and the Aboriginal Australians (have) take(n) Muslim da'is word for it?

Some related inquiries, exemplifying the topic of the opening post:

<sub>Did Yahweh inform you (the preacher) about Him and the importance of the Bible, or did other (fallible) humans?

Are we to peruse the supermarket of religions? "Pentecostalism is crazy. But those Jains over there are nice. I'll take that one." If it was readily admitted that we're talking just faith, with consequently proportional moderation, then inquiries like the opening post would largely fade off. That's not the case in the real world, however. And here advertisers have academic apologists helping sales (while helping their own sales as well of course).

The truth of the matter is a different ballgame. Whether some sort of polytheism monotheism deism or whatever, the truth of the matter has no dependency on peoples' (diverse) faiths, heck, no dependency on the universe (they say). No manner of belief one way or other can change the truth of the matter. Faith does not entail truth.

Denote any superbeing deity there may be with G (examples given prior):
1. G is the all-powerful authority (and originator of divine messages)
2. only G can confirm/authorize that you (the preacher) speak on their behalf
3. G could easily confirm/authenticate that you speak on their behalf
4. G has not confirmed that you speak on their behalf
Thus, why would anyone take the diverse preachers' words for it all?</sub>

Anyway, as far as I can tell, skepticism (of the elaborate religions in particular) is warranted.
This accords with evidence, and is both reasonable, rational, and honest.

_{Animated map shows how religion spread around the world (2m:35s youtube)
World's Largest Religion Groups by Population 1945 - 2019 (2m:48s youtube)}

Thanks for the comments.

Matthew 28:19-20 — CS Stewart

2 Timothy 3:16-17 — philrelstudent

Matthew 28:19-20 — philrelstudent

Having scriptures self-legitimize/authenticate/authorize/certify doesn't quite work (especially not if there already are ultimate authorities around).

Perhaps NortonLifeLock (formerly Symantec/VeriSign) and other Internet certificate companies can be used as an analogy of sorts? Anyone can call up such a companies and get details about their certificate offers. For something important, such certificates are needed/expected, whereas someone running ad hoc Internet services out of their basement may just use self-signed certificates.

While on the topic of importance, there's a fairly obvious disproportionality between the (asserted) importance of messages from deities, and their delivery. Muhammad had private sessions with Gabriel in a cave, receiving messages from Allah, some 1400 years ago. The messages are supposedly the most important for all mankind. ("And your eternal soul is at stake.") If so, then we're talking deception, otherwise, well, maybe just deceptive.

It's not all that difficult to come up with a scenario that "matches" what we see (regardless of what we see, i.e. counter-example immunization). Say, Shiva wants to stay out of sight for any reason, and wants to rely entirely on humans for more or less everything. Yet, this is no different from supposing Earth being a game board, where some number of superbeings "plant" their respective scriptures, and observe and push a bit here and there, in a sort of Kafkaesque manner. (Incidentally, a Stargate Atlantis episode just came to mind.) :) This again renders authentic legitimacy a problem.

1. Either YHWH wants everyone to know the truth of Him, or YHWH has chosen that remaining hidden is the right thing to do. — philrelstudent

Note, the opening post and this subsequent comment gives:

3. if Yahweh wanted everyone to know Him (and the truth of Him in particular), then everyone would;
or Yahweh has chosen that maintaining ignorance (of Him) is the right thing to do, and hence wants that;
or Yahweh cares not (apathetic, indifferent);
or Yahweh is a fictional character in scriptures

In the case of the Christian (Biblical) Yahweh, the two latter are rejected right away.

Just to clarify, the opening post is about authentic legitimacy of preachers (indoctrinators proselytizers), not so much about whether Yahweh is real or not.
Yahweh, Ahura Mazda, Shiva, Mahavira, Vishnu, Tonatiuh, or Allah may or may not be real; there's no particular assumption either way.

, at least all the others are taken, you can't be them.

When you think of "self" as mind, experiences, all that, then "self" is temporal, process-like.
So, maybe "self" is inherently mutable?

there may be reasons other than Yahweh not wishing to be known by everyone that there are people who don't know Yahweh. For instance he may want to "expose" himself ( :smile: ) in a phased manner. This idea isn't improbable for we do it with children by deferring the talk about the birds and bees to the "right" time. — TheMadFool

Right.
John Chau might have raised such a reason when going on a preaching mission to the Sentinelese.
I think there is tension with ...
• Yahweh has not authorized Christians to speak on His behalf (nor had Indian authorities in this case)
• Yahweh has chosen that maintaining ignorance (of Him) is the right thing to do, and hence wants that
Furthermore, wouldn't you expect Yahweh to know (much) better than preachers...?

Also, what about the concept of secret teachings which I'm familiar with from Tibetan buddhism? There is a requirement that must be met before God reveals himself/herself and it must be that some of us fail to fulfill it. — TheMadFool

There could be exceptions to the argument in that.
I know a Shaivist mystic; in their faith, there are some select mystics that are "privileged" and can (allegedly) communicate with Shiva; others (unprivileged) may then learn from them, indirectly.
In some ways, this sort of privilege is like what the Protestants abandoned when parting ways with the Catholics.
Secret and/or esoteric and/or special teachings may fall outside the opening post.
The likes of panpsychism and Spinozism certainly does.

Thanks for participating. (y) :)

There's (at least) a 4^th (logical) option in the 3^rd bullet in the opening post: Yahweh cares not (apathetic, indifferent)
Seems uncommon, though, and more characteristic of non-descript unassuming deism.

By the way, this opening post is somewhat related to an older one:
Preacher, why should anyone take your word for it?

offer your own response — I like sushi

I suppose you can just take my response to be

proselytizers and indoctrinators are conducting unwarranted business ⌖ — jorndoe

I can’t make head nor tail of this — I like sushi

Hm it's simple enough, isn't it?

• the Biblical Yahweh is only known from manmade scriptures
• Yahweh has not authorized Christians to speak on His behalf
... 5 more items ...
Then:
Opinions, arguments, pro et contra, ...?

That's really all it's about. Discussing the argument. How does it fare? Implications? ... (anything of relevance here on the forum)

Unless I misunderstood your comment?

If you were thinking of

There is an unaccounted-for option, albeit uncommon

then it was really just that I'd found an objection to the argument, though maybe not generally applicable.
But that wasn't intended as the purpose of the opening post.

thumpers’ is a less than respectful manner — I like sushi

Removed.

I can only suggest you offer up your own view — I like sushi

No. Nothing here is about me. It's about the argument in the opening post. Could in principle have been posted by anyone. Poster irrelevant to post. (As an aside, I typically don't vote on a poll I've posted, this one included.)

Consider it an intellectual exercise if you will. (y)

There is an unaccounted-for option, albeit uncommon

Apologies in advance for not having read the whole thread.

When Reason asserts that something is the case, it is the case. Her asserting it, and its being true are one and the same. — Bartricks

Why not start simpler?
Something like: true and false are properties of propositions.
Relating propositions and ontology may then be a whole other thing, but for starters at least.

Surely, whatever is the case does not depend on her?
Her reasoning about something may then become good justification for her beliefs.
Looks like conflating ontology and epistemics, truth and justification/beliefs, which has a few odd implications.
Ordinary logic is common to reasoning.

Oh, , voting definitely not mandatory.
It's just running an argument about proselytizers/indoctrinators.

, story-telling is great.
This is more about the proselytizers/indoctrinators out there.
I guess it's implicit in the argument.

You're invited to argue pro et contra.