Comments

  • What's the function of tears, even the crocodile ones?
    haha, the theory might have been short-lived on wiki because it was that daft :rofl: I dunno.

    Btw, if it didn't go without saying, and I suppose it didn't,

    Now, laughing friends deride
    Tears, I cannot hide
    Oh-oh-oh-oh
    So, I smile and say
    "When a lovely flame dies
    Smoke gets in your eyes"

    I.e. "smoke getting in your eyes" used to be a euphemism.
  • What's the function of tears, even the crocodile ones?
    It's googleable, and I don't see why it would deserve a different thread.
  • What's the function of tears, even the crocodile ones?
    I was intrigued but I can't see it now on wiki.
  • What's the function of tears, even the crocodile ones?
    Last time I looked at the wiki page I could have sworn there was a theory about smoke getting in the eyes of early hom sap at its funeral pyres. :roll:
  • Pattern Recognition as the Essence of Philosophy
    Because to recognise a pattern is to simplify,unenlightened

    If recognise means impose, then yes, preferably.

    Does it? ...Which is to ask: nominalist or platonist?

    Forgive me if I impose, haha.
  • What is Information?
    This short 10min video is a great primer in systems thinking,Pop

    No doubt :up:

    and it answers why entropy is not enough.Pop

    Not at all. Possibly it argues why physics is not enough, and we need a science of complex systems. Fine.

    But that science won't thank you for spreading information woo, based on confusions about physics.

    If I was too succinct:

    As well as being a term that strictly speaking says all sorts of interesting things that - in the present context which is physics - can and should be stated perfectly well in terms of entropy.bongo fury
  • What is Information?
    The black hole information paradox is where my interest in it started.frank

    Via footnote 4:

    As you have probably noticed, I didn’t say anything about information. That’s because really the reference to information in “black hole information loss” is entirely unnecessary and just causes confusion. The problem of black hole “information loss” really has nothing to do with just exactly what you mean by information. It’s just a term that loosely speaking says you can’t tell from the final state what was the exact initial state.Sabine Hossenfelder

    As well as being a term that strictly speaking says all sorts of interesting things that can and should be stated perfectly well in terms of entropy. Whether or not the equivocation between loose and strict has been helpful to physicists, it seems to have been disastrous for philosophical discussion of 'information'.
  • What is Information?
    I didn't need politeness, only careful engagement with the linked wiki page, and the definitions used there.
  • What is Information?
    I must have failed to make clear that I wanted to interrogate the alleged connection as laid out on the linked wiki page, and follow the definitions used there.

    That's probably a bigger ask than I assumed, and less to be expected of physicists than I assumed.

    Thanks anyway.
  • What is Information?
    entropy is the _number_ of microstates available to explore.Kenosha Kid

    Cool, where those states are assumed equiprobable, and in which case the analogy according to the linked Wikipedia page is that information is the _number_of messages available to... send? ... store? ... explore? ... whatever, but the cardinality of the message space. The number of alternatives.

    So, is we is or is we ain't... compelled to interpret the one as the other? The maths of alternative states/events/outcomes/anythings as the maths of alternative messages more specifically? If so, where, exactly?

    I thought this would be a physics question, and I should be prepared to accept an interesting justification for the specific interpretation, even while not fully understanding it. But I have to admit,

    The actual microstate occupied by a system would be the totality of its information,Kenosha Kid

    sounds like any old woo. Please explain.

    and is not specified by the system's entropy.Kenosha Kid

    Is it like, the actual message sent along a channel would have its own surprise value, its Shannon 'self-information', analogously not specified by the source's entropy, i.e. the Shannon information of the whole message space? That would make 'totality of its information' the (log of the) probability of that particular state? That doesn't seem to be what you mean.

    Or are you appealing to some non-technical (at least non-Shannon) intuition of information as stream-of-fact?

    'the totality of its information'... how physics, please? Else, what, exactly?
  • What is Information?
    Not something I've heard said,Kenosha Kid

    Yippee, a physicist is going to help me dispell the woo...

    but I guess any microstate is a unique collection of information.Kenosha Kid

    Oh jeez.

    Put it this way, is there any information-talk in physics that can't be (shouldn't be) replaced perfectly well with entropy-talk?
  • What is Information?
    What is information?Pop

    I'd be hugely grateful to learn from @Kenosha Kid or other physicists precisely if and where it is, within modern science, that one is compelled to interpret the probability of a thermal microstate as the probability of a message?

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory?wprov=sfla1
  • What is Information?
    A common failing in scientific philosophical writing is to blur the line between nouns and verbs. Through a process called nominalization, we morph verbs (and sometimes adjectives) into abstract nouns. This process robs our writing of energy and clarity.Crystal Herron, blog

    Except that, done with flair, it can apparently add tons of energy, and the illusion of clarity.



    Do you never look at a sentence you've written and think, what on earth (rather than heaven) am I "quantifying over"? What are the odds my reader will correctly infer what things I'm referring to, and at which I'm pointing some of these other words? Wouldn't those odds improve if those things were relatively concrete, and graspable?
  • Logical Nihilism
    horses for coursesbongo fury

    What is a good horse for a course (logic for a discourse)? Not, one might naively assume, one whose principles allow inference to exactly all the sentences that are said in the discourse? Or which agree with all the inferential steps or patterns that are claimed in the discourse? Although that does rather sound like G Russell's view.

    I'm not clear whether the view tends to arise from the narrower example of proving a logic sound or complete for a perfectly determined 'discourse', as here:

    r0wklys54aivefii.png

    ... where the 'discourse' on the left contains no controversies. Everyone is agreed (no diagrams are denying), in this example, that if everyone loves themselves then everyone loves someone. That would be a principle that needs including in a suitable logic for the discourse. The maths, complicated enough even for such an ideal discourse, is about determining which other principles (LEM, LNC etc) are also required: either for their own sake, or in order to save others from apparent threats like 'explosion' etc.

    In informal discourse, by contrast, we are generally faced with controversies, and the usual, classical logic is clearly valued for its ability to help us take sides. Which side to take, which sentences to save, it never tells. But it shows up some combinations as being either mutually compatible or not so. The compatibility is of course relative to the chosen logic, the chosen set of laws. We choose a logic which we hope will, by showing up compatibilities and incompatibilities (relative to it), have a positive influence on our choices to save and reject.

    Thus Popper and Lakatos are rightly fixated on counter-examples, which are signs of incompatibility. At least one of these three will have to be rejected or revised:

    • All polyhedra are Eulerian
    • x is a polyhedron
    • x isn't Eulerian

    Lakatos investigates all the choices, to see better what's at stake. But he is completely satisfied with ordinary logic as a test of compatibility. Nowhere does a paradox, superficial or deep, tempt him to bring a more exotic (stronger or weaker) logic on board. Paradoxes are to be resolved by better understanding the vagaries and ambiguities of, and subsequent clarifications and alterations to the reference of, (specific occurrences of) terms such as x, polyhedron and Eulerian.

    I suggest it's worth noticing how people so often feel the opposite duty: e.g.
    https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/550407
    https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/566367

    Which (hey, we must need a more fancy logic) is an attitude that maybe G Russell would identify as pluralist (and my protesting in those places "please not" as correspondingly monist), I'm not sure. I think I protest only because people are seeing logic as a means of revelation, instead of a (standard of) discipline. Reforming premises to meet present standards of compatibility should be tried before reforming the standards to allow all the premises.

    To be a law of logic, a principle must hold in complete generalityG Russell

    I would rather say that it (the principle, the discipline) must be feasible and/or appropriate for imposing in complete generality. Which of course it can't be. Witness art and poetry. Horses for courses.

    Still, going with G Russell's flow, what's the analogy with ordinary counterexamples? Is it, e.g.,

    • All natural discourse makes conjunction introduction intuitive
    • SOLO is convincing as natural discourse
    • SOLO makes conjunction introduction unintuitive

    ?

    80
  • Correspondence theory of truth and mathematics.
    If you think that properties are collections then reality consists only of collections, which are concrete things, because properties as abstract things that have instances don't exist.litewave

    https://youtu.be/RUzbmIKVAHo?t=47 :wink:

    The nominalist cancels out the property and treats the predicate as bearing a one-many relation directly to the several things it applies to or denotes.Goodman, p49
  • Correspondence theory of truth and mathematics.
    The maths of the correspondence theory of truth is called model theory.

    Commitment to the correspondence theory means commitment to a model's actual existence: properties, relations and all. (Platonism.)

    The same commitment isn't required in order to do model theory, because models, like all mathematical entities, might be fictions, like Santa Claus.

    Neither is it required in order to do nominalism (reference theory), and examine the correspondences (albeit conventional or pretended) between words and things, or other words. In order to take, that is to say, a mathematical or literary or pictorial story and examine its pretended connections to existing things or events (e.g. world war II) or, that perhaps not being an option, to other words and pictures (numerals, number lines, Santa pics, real old man pics, etc).

    If what matters most according to the correspondence theory of truth, is the accurate portrayal of a particular or general 'state of affairs' - through language - of reality,Shawn

    Yes, I think so...

    and therefore what can be platonically described as the mind's eyeShawn

    No idea what you mean, although actual existence of properties etc is what an anti-platonist can't handle. Is my understanding of 'platonic'. So if 'minds eye' means imaginary... No I can't parse it.

    From a retired mathematician who still dabbles with it,jgill

    Hi there from an ignoramus.

    That sequence of electronic dots has a kind of "physical" existence but is still in a way non-physical. How does this fit into the current discussion?jgill

    I would offer: the non-physical aspect is the pretended or conventional reference (by the dots, in sequence). That leaves it open to analyse the reference as fictive, like a Santa story, or factual, like a history. Either way, there is no need to infer reference to non-physical entities. If you don't want to... Do you?

    PS why the scare quotes?
  • Semantics, "internalism" and visual thinking questions


    Still intrigued. All I get from Google is a jewellers in Tunbridge Wells.
  • Logical Nihilism
    But what all those people (Quine, Williamson, Preist, Kleene...) have in common is they think there's one logic, and, the one they like, that's the one.2:10

    Really? We can assume they are all monist, which I'm hoping will gloss as absolutist? I.e. not tolerant, or relativist, inasmuch as (not) regarding logics as horses for courses? [Thought I could safely use this figure without implying anything was a race, nvm.]

    I can see how someone of that persuasion (far more prevalent than I knew) might survey the totality of courses and decide that the only horse suitable is Humpty Dumpty, or worse. But a pluralist (relativist? or am I unaware of a recognised distinction?) already allows such a choice for a slowest [having fewest laws] variety of horse:

      [1] Tell me, do you think that a language game that assumes no logical law whatsoever deserves to be called a logic?

      [2] Perhaps not, but it's moot, because either it or a game with precisely one such law will definitely be a very weakest logic. Granted, 'weak logic' has the flavour of an oxymoron, but its instances clearly have at least mathematical interest, and might include also certain poetry, music, mime etc. What's the big deal?

      [1] Ah, but the trouble is, I'm assuming that: to be a law of logic, a principle must hold in complete generality. You say 'horses for courses' so you probably don't agree?

      [2] Relative to the totality of courses, guilty as charged. Only an absolutist, who didn't appreciate that truth is relative to a discourse, would agree. But on a course, in a discourse, which is good enough, a principle will indeed hold in complete generality if I call it logical. That's what I mean by logical: completely general (within the discourse) in governing inference from one statement to another.


    70
  • Semantics, "internalism" and visual thinking questions


    What are you calling "internalist"? Just curious.

    2
  • Five different calculuses


    3. Were you aware that in the 18thC your incredulity was famously supported by Bishop Berkeley in The Analyst? And that despite his religious motivation for doubting science, he seems to have been exonerated by...

    4. reforms of the calculus in the 19th C? In terms of limits, as explained copiously hereabouts by @fishfry, e.g. https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/184240 . That's probably what 20thC textbooks are trying to explain, although many people find that no less challenging, and accept the older and apparently questionable notational shortcuts.

    5. The twist in the tale, 20thC, is that maybe Newton and Leibniz were (entirely) right all along: Berkeley's dreaded infinitesimals were rehabilitated. There is a thread about that somewhere. Whereas I would expect that recent material 'reverting to the ancient approximation goal' is more likely in the spirit of 4. Which is still the consensus.

    reminiscences,Fine Doubter

    Yes, # me too!


    25
  • Direct Color Realism via Productance Physicalism
    Meaning the experience is an event taking place in the perceiver, while the tomato is an object with potentially some property related to the perceiver seeing red.Marchesk

    I don't yet get how all the positions are meant to depend on each other. Mine is that colours are out there, but as classes of visual stimuli, which are best construed as illumination events, like (it seems to me) musical stimuli are sound events.

    Only derivatively would you want to be trying to correlate colours with material surfaces or other objects removed from the events. Like only derivatively would you associate sound qualities with instruments. (I can see how that might seem the wrong way round.)

    Or with physical properties, of the surfaces or resonating bodies respectively. Why the hurry, and not seeing it as derivative? "Events, dear boy, events."

    From my position, everything is out there already, just ordered and classified through aesthetic practice.

    the red we see,Marchesk

    You're interested in the nature of some kind of correlation, I think, between inner and outer? I need to have another go at understanding whether that's an assumption shared by the authors.

    35
  • Direct Color Realism via Productance Physicalism
    Hard to square the confidence about the mission

    to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to some distinctively philosophical tools that are useful in tackling the problem of color realism and, second, to clarify the various positions and central arguments in the debate.

    with

    When someone looks at a tomato in good light, she undergoes a visual experience. This experience is an event, like an explosion or a thunderstorm: it begins at one time and ends at a later time. The object of the experience is the tomato, which is not an event (tomatoes don't occur).

    Like, er??

    3
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    I think Chomsky avers (somewhere on youtube) that Hume and Heraclitus were privy to the same insight [the inscrutability of reference]. Of course he draws a different lesson from it than Quine. But he doesn't say the doctrine itself is mistaken, or even that it is behaviouristic. And it isn't. It points out that you can't objectively ground reference in behaviour.bongo fury

    I was about ready to back-peddle on that, reminded of this,

    In psychology one may or may not be a behaviourist, but in linguistics one has no choice … There is nothing in linguistic meaning beyond what is to be gleaned from overt behaviour in observable circumstances.Quine, Pursuit of Truth

    So it's gratifying to find Kripke agreeing that,

    Given Quine's own formulation of his theses, it appears open to a non-behaviorist to regard his arguments, if he accepts them, as demonstrations that any behavioristic account of meaning must be inadequate - it cannot even distinguish between a word meaning rabbit and one meaning rabbit-stage.Kripke p57

    I'm not sure whether Kripke thinks that Quine would be happy with that way of regarding. I do. I think.

    Quine shows that the human (or linguistic animal) condition is to have to hypothesise about a reference relation that is inherently indeterminate when conceived externally (cutting out the middle man).

    Kripkenstein shows that the same indeterminacy arises for the relation conceived internally (per the diagram):

    But if Wittgenstein is right, and no amount of access to my mind can reveal whether I mean plus or quus, may the same not hold for rabbit and rabbit-stage? So perhaps Quine's problem arises for non-behaviorists. This is not the place to explore the matter.Kripke p57

    42
  • Feature requests
    I request, not likes, or dislikes, but durations:

    • of composition,

    and if software allowed it,

    • of views.

    The first is easy enough. It might start and end in the following solitary gesture, wherein I record at the end of each post, as I shall for a while at least, the number of minutes spent (however wastefully) composing it.

    Just possibly, though, it might catch on and create an etiquette. I will be precious enough to suggest one: don't spend less than a third fifth quarter of that time on your reply, if you make one?

    Not asking for an essay, of course. To get the virtue, divide the minute count by the word count.

    20
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    later perhapsIsaac

    I would much rather you had waited five hours anyway.

    Why people have to reply within five minutes I never understand. The result is rarely worth it.

    Suggestion.
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    the sign is modelled by the brain so as to be attached to a referent.Isaac

    Attached directly? Sure. So,

    The mid-stage is thereIsaac

    Apparently not. Not in the model.

    Even in contexts of individual judgement, a speaker (game-player) may infer (model) the individual occasion of reference as a relation from the token (utterance) of the symbol to whatever the inferred referent(s), without psychologizing per the picture.
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    But to be fair, I've never fully understood externalism,
    — Isaac

    There are several versions of it, linguistic, perceptual, etc.
    Manuel

    But to be fair, the OP quotes discussion of a "social version" in which

    what this individual means by a sign on any given occasion depends, at least in part, on this external practice.SEP

    I.e., cutting out, at least in part, the middle man in this too-universally-accepted picture:

    nfpd83kkmu7yvl3p.png

    A step which (taken in full, and ironically further than Ockham) Wikipedia calls "childish", but is arguably the natural perspective of any child or other socially-embedded language-learning machine. E.g., "what does this symbol refer to, in this language game?"
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    You brought him upfrank

    Yes, to offer one straight answer to your question.

    and now ditch the effort.frank

    How so?

    indeterminate for all practical purposes for me with my poor 21st technology. I don't therefore rule out those things.frank

    So, contra Quine. As long as you see that.

    I think we're done?frank

    Okely.

    Brains might sync as people interact.frank

    Of course. Cool stuff.
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    I've actually always assumed he did rule out subjectivity, but I'm rethinking it, actually based on what you said.frank

    Then ignore what I said.

    Why should I take Quine as saying the latter?frank

    Because the word is carrying too much baggage.

    that we can't know whether we're thinking of the same thingfrank

    Can't because it's hard to determine :down: , or can't because it's indeterminate :up: ?

    And why 'think' when this was about externalism?
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    If we're planning to do some scientific research on what's in our heads, I think he would say we shouldn't do that due to the unavailability of facts.frank

    This sounds wrong. Not sure what you meant.

    That doesn't mean he ruled out subjectivity, though, right?frank

    I don't know what "that" is, but he was usually happy to rule out such notions. Are you surprised?

    In our off hours away from the lab, we could say that we might be thinking about the same thing?frank

    Again, why would you be expecting Quine to be internalist (getting into our heads) and determinatist (matter of fact) about reference?
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    in the sense that we're consciously referencingfrank

    Why would you be expecting Quine to be getting into our heads?

    referencing the same stuff, we just don't
    know for sure
    frank

    Why would you be expecting Quine to regard this question as a matter of fact?
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    We can't use observed behaviour to justify any particular fantasy.
    — bongo fury

    But the kind of behaviorism I'm thinking of doesn't allow that there is any kind of referencing involved in communication.
    frank

    Fair enough. By justify I meant choose. If there were some fact of the matter of which symbols mapped to which things then behaviourism wouldn't be wrong to reduce or replace that mapping (the reference that 'happened') with some description of behaviour. But according to Quine there is always a choice of mappings. We never know for sure what 'happened'. We have to play the game of pretend, and allow for, second guess, multiple hypotheses of what was pretended.

    Which is how a 'hard' externalism about the mappings, i.e their not being in the head, can fail to mesh with behaviourism.
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    I'm looking for a reason to say it doesn't.frank

    It (meaning, mental content, what have you) is a game of pretending that words and pictures refer to things (externally, not in the head). We're just second guessing each other's fantasies about the reference. We can't use observed behaviour to justify any particular fantasy.
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?


    So you're saying externalism does lead to behaviourism? Contrary to your thread title?
  • Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviorism?
    Why doesn't hard content externalism lead to behaviourism?frank

    Not that we should assume there would automatically be some awful problem if it did. But,

    I think Chomsky avers (somewhere on youtube) that Hume and Heraclitus were privy to the same insight [the inscrutability of reference]. Of course he draws a different lesson from it than Quine. But he doesn't say the doctrine itself is mistaken, or even that it is behaviouristic. And it isn't. It points out that you can't objectively ground reference in behaviour.bongo fury

    It's a game of pretend. There won't be any fact of the matter of exactly what anyone was pretending. How could there?
  • Zen - Living In The Moment
    Living in the moment seems to be qualia worship. No wonder people find it so difficult.
  • Bedrock Rules: The Mathematical and The Ordinary (Cavell-Kripke on Wittgenstein)
    I believe that is a rule of logic, but, yes, I'm thinking more of addition.Antony Nickles

    They are similar, in admitting of the same crucial change in perspective as urged by Goodman (the "see also" on the Kripkenstein page is no accident) in a rather different context, that of characterising musical and other notations:

    What distinguishes a genuine notation is not how easily correct judgements can be made, but what their consequences are. [...] Marks [= tokens] correctly judged to be joint members of a character [= type] will always be true copies of one another.Languages of Art, p134

    'True' here means - in effect, in consequence - safely taken as license to make more copies, because the copying relation is maintained in such a way as not to impair the mutual exclusivity of types. No chain of copies will reach from one type (or 'equivalence class') into another. That would indeed be fatal to the system, as all the types would eventually merge, e.g. every tune would be identified as a true copy of every other. A similar (though different) demise is envisaged as the 'principle of explosion'. (Allegedly a false alarm, which is interesting of course.)

    The point is that the extension or range of application of any word is a fiction, continually up for negotiation. What distinguishes the 'mathematical' from the 'ordinary' is the reasonable expectation that, however one's own utterances are interpreted (e.g. as plus or as quus), the consequent discourse will be well behaved in maintaining the distinction between distinct extensions, whatever they 'truly' are. This may or may not depend on those extensions being, like tunes, mutually exclusive.