Comments

  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    Just because we can learn to survive longer and longer without human interactions does not displace the fact that imagination/psychosis will substitute the sensations of social interactions. Writing is clearly one method of ‘replacing’ social interactions.I like sushi

    Interesting.

    Would you consider loneliness as a social disorder then? What about people who are scared of exposing themselves to others (like Fosse and myself, included)? Do we have to live in continuous contradiction because, although we can express ourselves in writing, we suffer when it comes to doing so publicly?
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    So if a reader thinks that suicide is being promoted through the use of the silent language, this is not necessarily the author's intention. And if the author's intent is to leave the subject ambiguous, thus allowing that one reader might see reason to move toward suicide, while another might be moved away from it, the author could feel as Fosse described.Metaphysician Undercover

    This is the main point I wanted to discuss when I read his lecture for the first time. I nonetheless changed the name of the title of this thread because it seemed to be ambiguous. I think Fosse is a brave author for including suicidal characters in his works. Sadly, I don't know how they play their roles yet. Suicide and ambiguity have always been existentially linked. The first time I ever read characters purposefully intending to kill themselves was in Yukio Mishima's works, but I thought that this was just a 'cultural' or 'only Japanese' thing then. Mishima even stated that the concept of death differs from the Japanese view to the Western view. I always think and wonder about this, but after reading Fosse, it is more clear to me. Every author expresses suicide depending on how they interpret death. Maybe, according to Fosse, suicide is a silent language, while following Mishima, suicide is an honorable act that comes from the Samurai era. Both points are valid and interesting to me, and I am excited to read more about Fosse during this Christmas.


    The silent language is somewhat different because it employs ambiguity to work with possibility, allowing the audience freedom to think and imagine these possibilities. So the silence is essentially ambiguous.Metaphysician Undercover

    Interesting what you brought up here. I even correlated it with what I wrote back to this post, unintentionally. You state that silence allows the audience the freedom to think and imagine. But, bringing in suicide again, I think this concept is only ambiguous if we dive into the mental state of the readers. Would you consider suicide as ambiguous? Sometimes I feel suicidal, others don't. I usually consider suicide as a legitimate and honorable act; at other times, I consider it as pure escapism, etc. This is how I have felt since I was 20 years old. The idea of committing suicide comes and goes. I thought Mishima was the only writer to write about this, but now I have discovered Fosse, and maybe he will help me understand suicide from a Western perspective.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    See what I mean?I like sushi

    Yes, I see what you mean now.

    On a superficial level we can state that we do not write something for anyone but by stating so we do actually appreciate that we usually do and therefore cannot escape that expressing anything is a reaching-out into the world not some isolated incident.I like sushi

    I agree, and I like that.

    We cannot act outside of human social interactions.I like sushi

    This is the main cause we are debating. It is not clear to me to what extent we are dependent on social interactions. Fosse stated that, thanks to writing, he faced social problems such as speaking publicly.

    Although he always (and still) considered the act of writing and being a novelist as solitary behavior, he admitted that his works had to be shared somehow. Yet, on this point, he states two different views:
    1. The act of writing is solitary because it is based on the loneliness of the writer; 2. But the act of sharing this culture is common.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    antonym??

    Wow, I think Fosse's lecture goes beyond just semantics...
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    I disagree, and I personally believe that you didn't take the effort to read the thread, as that's what Metaphysician, jkop and I were discussing.

    Either it is not a 'false' distinction, nor can one exist without the other. Writing is an individualistic (or lonely, as Fosse states) act because it is a written language where the writer expresses their fears and concerns, and it is even a refuge for exposing oneself publicly. But, paradoxically, once the writing is done, it needs reception. Here is where Fosse states that when his writings end up being read by the public, it is sharing the culture, but not the act of writing itself...

    You can agree or not with him, absolutely. But you can't say it is a 'false' distinction, because it's not.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    If he feels comfortable in it, then he does not feel guilt. Feeling guilt is a matter of knowing oneself to have done wrong and it is an uneasy feeling. When he says that fans thanked him, this is confirmation that he does not feel that he has done wrong. Therefore he is expressing that he does not feel guilt.Metaphysician Undercover

    I think I expressed myself incorrectly. I attempted to explain that Fosse—this is speculation because I haven't read anything from him—didn't feel comfortable with having suicidal characters. This is why he admitted that he used this issue so much that it seems he legitimized suicide. He was afraid of how the readers would perceive him or his writings. Just as Fosse had a fear of speaking in public, maybe he also had a fear of addressing suicide. We have to keep in mind that he writes to run away from himself... I guess this is why he addressed suicide in his writings, to confront this problem.

    That's why I say it's not a matter of whether people understand him or not. When it comes to the silent language it's a matter of understanding "silent language" in general. When you understand that it works with possible meaning rather than actual meaning, you can start to see how powerful it is in its capacity to persuade people. The meaning comes from somewhere other than the words of the author. God? Maybe. Consider for example, Donald Trump as an artist of the silent language. He didn't actually tell those people to storm the palace, yet the silent language told them that it had to be done.Metaphysician Undercover

    Although I agree with you on the point that silence is not about whether the readers understand or not, I think he actually cared about it. He states on page number six: 'My first books were quite poorly reviewed, but I decided not to listen to the critics. I should just trust myself, yes, stick to my writing.'
    If Fosse considered the reviews as 'poor,' then he cared about whether people were following his writing path or not. He trusted himself and decided to keep writing in the style he was comfortable with. Yet, the contradiction came later in his life when he was offered to write drama. He also says:'I wrote novels and poetry and had no desire to write for theatre, but in time I did it because – as part of a publicly funded initiative to write more new Norwegian drama – I was offered what was, to me, a good sum of money to write the opening scene of a play, and ended up writing a whole play, my first and still most performed play, Someone Is Going to Come.'

    I wonder what Fosse considered a 'poor' or 'poorly reviewed' writer.

    I propose that when Fosse was asked to write drama he saw the need to confront the difference head on, in order that he could proceed into the public sphere. This is when he discovered the silent aspect of language, which he was not familiar with, because he was immersed in writing only.Metaphysician Undercover

    Really? I personally think it is quite the opposite. Fosse knew how to use silence in written language, and he was comfortable using it in his novels despite receiving criticism. When he was asked to write plays, he hesitated at first because this is an art of spoken language, and he was not sure how to introduce silence there. Later on, he discovered the power and importance of 'pauses' during the plays. Since then, he started to see theatre in different ways and understood that silent language could have a place in plays as well.
  • Getting rid of ideas
    I voted for names, and rooted for Philosophy of Language. I don't know if you ever take a look at J.L. Austin. There are some threads of the works of this philosopher (or linguist) in this forum as well. The concept of 'idea' reminds me when Austin talked about 'real' as a concept too. I think 'idea' or 'ideas' is a normal word. Thus, it is frequently used by people, and it is highly established in our ordinary language. But on the other hand, it is true that 'idea' is not a normal word at all, and it can be ambiguous. 'Idea' doesn't always have the same meaning. So, it is not merely to discuss if ideas exist, but what they mean at all.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    For example, the inside of a literal hut is detached from its outside, and that's a property it shares with the metaphorical hut in the mind of a writer. Arguably there is no hut inside Fosse's head, yet it is a useful way for him to describe how he experiences writing.jkop

    Yes, well explained. I like this example.

    Writers withdraw from busy social activities in order to think, observe, and write, and one's use of language might then, perhaps, acquire a "silent" or "listening" quality. To find out whether there is such a quality, or whether the description is meaningful is not obvious to me, but it seems to be a meaningful description for Fosse as he titled his speech 'A Silent Language'.jkop

    I don't believe it was obvious for Fosse either. It wasn't easy for him to incorporate silence and pauses into his writings. I think this became a semantic or reference that he gradually experienced over the years, reinforcing what he believed from the beginning, back when he was a child: that written language is safer than spoken language because he can convey silences. This technique was developed through his dramatic experiences, particularly through the use of pauses.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    It is in this context that I approach what he says at the end of the speech, concerning suicide. He says that there are many suicides in his books. But we must take these representations as part of what is explicit. However, he seems to have some fear of the possibility that some people could interpret the implicit part, the hidden or silent part, as legitimizing suicide. Notice though, that he does not express guilt, so this was never his intention, never the hidden message he desired to convey, so such interpretations of the silent part would be faulty.Metaphysician Undercover

    Are you sure that he does not feel guilt? He expressed in his lecture that he actually received correspondence from readers or 'fans' who thanked him for preventing suicide. He felt guilty because he accepted suicide in his writings. Thus, he feels comfortable or safe speaking about this taboo through his writings. As much as he faced the fear of speaking in public thanks to writing, he faced suicide as well. Maybe he thought that due to his acceptance of suicide or suicidal characters, many readers would question whether he actually legitimizes this or not. To be honest, I think he does, but he doesn't want to go further because Fosse is not confident enough about whether people understand him or not.

    I mean that is his real concern.

    This balance is what I see as the context of Fosse's "silent language". Notice that I called it a retaliation, and this is because many artists who feel unduly constrained by the rules of the system will find a loop hole, or a secret way within their own mind of getting around the rules or making fun of them, ridiculing the system, or whatever, within the art itself. That's how I see "the pause" which he used.Metaphysician Undercover

    I agree.

    But I wonder if Fosse wanted to make fun of the system or perhaps find a way of feeling safe with himself. Remember that his lecture started by admitting that since he was a kid, he always had to face different challenges, with fear included in all of them. Fosse felt a bit intimidated by writing drama - despite it being necessary for earning an income - because he had to switch from written language to spoken language. He didn't feel confident, but this was one of his main successes as a writer paradoxically. This is why he said that he found a way to use silent language in drama, the pause. When Fosse learned that this could be included in the plays, he started to see drama in a different way. He was back to written language and silent expressions.

    Fosse gives an example of "Septology" in the relation of one Asle to the other Asle, and the hidden message one could conclude concerning the "now" of time. (I'm not familiar with the writing.)Metaphysician Undercover

    I bought the first book of the septology. I will be in touch with you, and I promise I will share relevant fragments of the work in this thread.

    ---------------------------

    I agree with the rest of the paragraphs of your post.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    Language is based on shared labor, causal constrains and such, not whether an individual user happens to be alone.jkop

    Hmm... are you suggesting that language exists because we interact with each other? And, consequently, it can't exist if we express ourselves in loneliness. On the other hand, it is interesting how you express that language has causality. I would like and appreciate it if you could elaborate on this.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    To the extent that one can experience social life by writing about it. A writer constructs, discovers, reconstructs and in some sense participates with the characters that he or she writes about. Also when writing about oneself.jkop

    Absolutely. But I think this still is an individual and lonely act; it does not lead us to construct social connections. With my plot and my characters, only I exist, but this self-awareness seems to need some connection with the rest, and this is why Fosse speaks about sharing culture.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    @Metaphysician Undercover

    I am back again. Thank you for reading the lecture.

    I think Fosse meant to be contradictory, actually. He expressed how this feeling was a part not only of his writing process but also of growing as a person. Everything started when he was a kid. He was not able to read facing a public, but he started to write some poems or short stories at home. He felt conflicted about this mindset, but I don't know if he ever felt paradoxical. I think the line between paradoxical and contradictory is blurred here.

    On the other hand, you explained very well the difference between spoken and written language. It is obvious that the main idea is that Fosse feels more comfortable with the latter, and he even considered it as a completely different way of expressing oneself.
    The existence of 'others,' as Fosse stated and you also pointed out, is basic for literature. Fosse argues here that although literature is a lonely act, its sharing depends on others, and he felt here contradictory with himself again but he never gave up on the idea that he is a lonely person, so he is not really aware to what extent 'we' (the readers) are part of his life. He even states: Through the fear of reading aloud I entered the loneliness that is more or less the life of a writing person – and I’ve stayed there ever since.

    It is interesting how you pointed out writing drama as corruption because it is a paid job, and Fosse was not free in this expression of literature. However, he surprisingly entered in a new dimension which he was not very confidence in the beginning. Yes, drama needs dialogues, and it is out from the written language which he always rooted for. Nevertheless, he also found a way to feel comfortable with writing drama- as you also pointed out - and this was with the use of 'pause' in his works. Fosse argues that this is how he approaches to silence in a spoken language art as drama, and it is indeed the most important word in his experiences of theatre plays.

    Lastly, I still wonder why he feels worried about writing on suicide. He admitted that his works have many suicidal characters... I think I will discover it when I start to read his books! :smile:
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    I just read your answer, but I need time to develop mine and think deeply about what you wrote. I promise I will respond in the next few hours. I just need more time to focus on the topic...

    :smile:
  • Book Group
    do you lean to a particular type of philosophy?Daniel Duffy

    I am interested in the Philosophy of Language. I have read a bit of Wittgenstein (specifically the work and study on him by David Pears) and discussed J.L. Austin with fellow members of this site.

    Despite having a high number of posts, most of them are in the shoutbox, so I am not that learned at all. :smile:
  • Book Group
    Hello Daniel!

    I am interested in taking part in this Book Group. Please consider me for this activity (or project).
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    I'd say writing is a social activity that one can practice privately. In this sense it can benefit the introverted or socially isolated.jkop

    Although I agree with writing can benefit the introverted, I don't know to what extent it is a social activity. Yes, a writer needs a public, and this is what, among other aspects, he is looking for. But the receptors can disappoint the writer's desires. This actually happened with some other artists such as Kurt Cobain, for instance.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    Having a fear or inability in some aspect of your chosen field may be common. I worked with actors some years ago and most were pretty shy and fearful of public speaking. Comedians are often sour and glum. Etc.Tom Storm

    When they came to you, what were they asking or specifically seeking? Were they in search of safety as Fosse found in writing?
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    I've met several iterations of most of these over the decades. People are contradictions.Tom Storm

    I usually considered contradictions as negative behavior, but after debating in this discussion, I think I am embracing a different idea. Being contradictory in some terms can't be that bad, and I sometimes confused this term with hypocrisy, which are not even related.

    What is interesting about these quirks is that they arouse our talents in different fields.

    I think we all are a bit 'weird' as Fosse considered himself when he was a kid, and then when he started his writer career. Because it is contradictory to have a fear of speaking in public, but at the same time, writing stories or plays.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    I understand you better now. I agree that maybe my original post is generalizing the process of writing. My intention was not to divide this into two parts but to discuss with you to what extent you agree with Fosse's lecture on the Nobel ceremony. Although it is only a seven-page paper, I think it is very worthwhile to read because he focuses on some philosophical questions and topics, apart from literature itself.

    It could be somewhat paradoxical. Nevertheless, I think Fosse makes a good distinction: while writing is an individual process, sharing this art depends on companionship. This statement makes me reflect deeply on myself, even right now, as I am answering you.

    Lastly, literature has its own language, and it is very different from silence or a shout. I think this is why it is important to highlight how some writers, like Fosse, were able to confront suicide in the process of writing but may not be capable of going to a therapist and talking about it.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    Reasons for suicide are similarly diverse. Some people are just fed up with living. Some people are unwell. Some are unable to deal with trauma. Some are reacting to situational factors. Suicide is one word for many situationsTom Storm

    Although the reasons for suicide can be diverse, do you agree it is usually based on escapism as a common factor? Notice that I debate about this side because it is what I interpreted from reading Fosse's lecture.

    Most people seem to write for themselves and an audience of readers they hope to acquire.Tom Storm

    I thought about this after reading the attachment. I mean it is true that writing is individualistic, but it is needed to acquire some feedback. I would not say 'audience' because I would sound arrogant. Fosse, himself, admits that he received very poor comments and reviews on his works, but he never changed the idea of keeping writing in what he believed was the best technique: loneliness and self.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    I agree with your post, and I appreciate your contribution to my thread.

    I don't know to what extent facing death, not only our own but that of our loved ones, will survive in the next generations. We are currently living in a period of time where people care very little about everything. There are no initiatives to do much, and the sense of comradeship has been lost. Instead of being an individualistic society, it is a selfish one. We can be lonely and individual yet show some affection to others when they are approaching death; it is not that difficult to do. Sadly, most people don't consider mental health and its issues a big deal; they just move on, trying to fill their lives with basic needs: work, watching TV, sleep, etc. But not sitting down and realizing whether we are happy or not, or if we want to live or die, etc.

    We are not ready to talk and debate about death, nor suicide. Most of the younger generation misunderstands those concepts and tends to overreact or overuse them. For example, they may feel depressed or overwhelmed because the landlord is raising the leasing fees.
    This attitude only leads to not treating depression and suicidal thoughts seriously. I doubt that a person would take their own life just because their income is low, but it is more plausible if they consider this option when they don't see any projects in their lives, etc.

    But, do you know what is the worst? We have established a sense that not having a purpose for living is normal because Millennials are screwed, etc.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    So suicidal characters in good writing transcends just being characters in the plot, they aren't just devices or causes for dramatic tensions or tragedy, but a communication of ideas that exist on the fringes of our experiences as people and individuals in and beyond society.Christoffer

    Yes, exactly. I tried to explain this as well, and I think that's what Fosse is referring to.

    And it also seems that people are utterly terrified that they would start to be seduced by the idea, that they would somehow get infected by the thought and do it to themselves.Christoffer

    I fully agree with this. There have even been some political and organizational campaigns on this issue. Japan has usually set the highest standards for avoiding suicide, considering this act as an offense. Although the rates go up and down, they remain at 'high' numbers, with more than 800 suicidal persons per year. Initially, I thought this was a cultural phenomenon, but the government there expresses concern about the numbers. Well, this problem has reached Europe too, with citizens deciding to end their lives. Some see ending life as suitable when it is not worth living, rather than continuing until death 'approaches us' due to age or sickness.

    But I think the main part is that suicide is primarily a failure of society and the people around the person committing suicide.Christoffer

    Is it a failure of society rather than the sloppiness of the state? While citizens who die from terrorism or gender violence are recognized as failures of the state, those who die by suicide are not given the same status. This surely happens because of the significant influence of religion in the state over centuries. A suicidal person tends to be considered as 'sick,' a mad person. Generally, the only backup is to provide pills to people with suicidal thoughts, creating an atmosphere of perpetual disorder with reality, instead of sitting down and listening to what is going on with this person.

    Furthermore, I believe that we should consider a new approach to speaking and interpreting death. This is something that we will all experience sooner or later, but we often sweep it under the rug.

    If we are not able to speak about death freely, we will continue to reject the existence of suicide.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    It has always figured in the literature, even oral tradition of self-sacrifice and self-destruction.Vera Mont

    I agree.

    Why? Climate may factor in, culture and a historically fatalistic disposition?Vera Mont

    I remember debating about this a few years ago. Even ChatGPT argues that suicide is universally frowned upon and doesn't distinguish among cultures, something that I fully disagree with.

    Idealistic North Americans, in any case, are far more prone to denial, even of what is staring them directly in the face, than are the more realistic and pragmatic North Europeans.Vera Mont

    Do you think that idealistic North Americans tend to avoid suicide rather than romanticize about it?
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    Because it is part of the human experience. Death by sickness, death by old age, being murdered and committing suicide are constant outcomes in our human lives.Christoffer

    Then, it is understandable how some authors incorporate suicide or suicidal characters. It is natural and even more realistic than some other fictional environments, plots, dialogues, etc. Stating this doesn't endorse actual suicide but provides another perspective in an artistic way. At least, a portrayal of suicide in a story can be more relatable than a plot where characters go to Mars and come back.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    After rereading your answer, I am not sure if you're actually scolding me or just disagreeing with Fosse.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    What Fosse is writing there is exactly what happens with fiction in relation to reality. No serious author is promoting suicide, not even Camus did so as he positioned it as the negative relation to his solution for the absurd. People who experience suicidal thoughts need to find good exploration of the concept they experience, it gives perspective and in almost all cases exposure to such ideas in fiction lead to calming such thoughts rather than triggering them. I've seen stuff in fiction that makes fun of suicide to the point of almost being tasteless and it still seem to help suicidal individuals overcome their negative thoughts.Christoffer

    It is true that not taking suicide seriously is tasteless. But I think that in every expression of culture, suicide pops up, even unintentionally. This is why Fosse said that his works seemed to legitimize suicide when this was not his principal idea for the plot and characters. Although he was brave enough to have suicidal characters in his plays and poems, he feels, somehow, overwhelmed due to this state of mind. Facing death, and more specifically suicide, is not everyone's cup of tea. But, I guess it is important to write about this, not hide its existence, and try to interpret this act in different manners. I think the conclusion of Fosse is that, despite always using escapism, he never thought about suicide that deeply. A different perspective from Mishima who thought about suicide as an act of escaping from the rotting of Japan.

    We need more writing like his than we need overprotective uneducated anti-intellectuals stumbling around thinking they are helping other people.Christoffer

    I agree.
  • On Fosse's Nobel lecture: 'A Silent Language'
    So he has found a unique way of carving out a form of language that is familiar to others, yet unfamiliar as written-and-literary.

    It seems to me that in prose and drama, Fosse is arguing that he tries to escape himself into a way of writing which nevertheless, in a Bakhtinian way, has meaning only in multi-voiced dialogue between the writer and the reader. (He specifically contrasts poetry as a form whose meaning tends to refer only to itself)
    mcdoodle

    Firstly, thank you for sharing your experience and thoughts on reading Fosse. I am now very interested in searching and buying a book of his. I am open to the genres he worked with: drama, playwright, or poetry.

    On the other hand, he actually quoted Mikhail Bakhtin in his lecture. Basically, Fosse argues with the quoted author that expression has two voices: the voice of the person who speaks and the voice of the person who is spoken about. And he states: These often slide into each other in such a way that it is impossible to tell whose voice it is. I don't know to what extent he is referring to the writer-reader union, but how these play solo in his writings.

    I wonder about this because he concluded that writing is a lonely practice, and that's how he felt during his life and how he faced fear or problems.
  • TPF Quote Cabinet
    When it was announced that I had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, I received a lot of emails and congratulations, and of course I was very pleased, most of the greetings were simple and cheerful, but some people wrote that they were screaming with joy, others that they were moved to tears. That truly touched me. There are many suicides in my writing. More than I like to think about. I have been afraid that I, in this way, may have contributed to legitimising suicide. So what touched me more than anything were those who candidly wrote that my writing had quite simply saved their lives. In a sense I have always known that writing can save lives, perhaps it has even saved my own life. And if my writing also can help to save the lives of others, nothing would make me happier.Jon Fosse
  • Where is everyone from?
    Did you assume 'Durr-ham' instead of 'Duh-rum' lolDaniel Duffy

    Yes, exactly. :rofl:

    I recall that during school, we were required to read newspapers from the UK. One of the news was about a castle in Durham. All the students pronounced it as 'Durr-ham,' but when the teacher corrected us, saying 'Duh-rum,' I was surprised because I had been mispronouncing the word until that day.
  • Where is everyone from?
    County Durham.Daniel Duffy

    I remember getting shocked when I heard the correct pronunciation of that English county for the first time!
  • War in Guyana? The old story again...
    The Spanish had to endure years of horror under a fascist pig like Franco, because the German Nazis prevented the Spanish people from winning their struggle, even with the help of the international brigades.universeness

    I can't believe I would agree with you. Perfectly explained and written. I agree with the quote and the rest of your post.
  • War in Guyana? The old story again...
    It is funny to remember when Chavez accused Aznar of fascism for backing up the war in Iraq. I wonder what he would think about his beloved Marxist Republic Venezuela acting as a thief against Guyana.
  • War in Guyana? The old story again...
    Adding Guyana's oil, plus making Guyana's citizens bitter and resentful, won't help Maduro.BC

    Exactly, but it is outrageous how Maduro and his corrupt friends and family of PSVD are 'against' the colonialism and imperialism of the USA and Europe. Yet they are acting as good imperialists. I don't know if they are hypocrites or just stupid. But don't worry, folks, there is a more stupid politician than Maduro: Zapatero. This socialist went to Venezuela more than 30 times trying to act as a moderator in their political elections, and this foolish person recognized Maduro as a legitimately elected president. It is amazing how the so-called Marxists cover for each other.

    These socialist asses say they root for the people, but at the same time, they establish their own elite group. :vomit:

    gh6dtojgdcgpyvz4.jpg

    2h6xrv42ivvuruve.jpg
  • War in Guyana? The old story again...
    I personally believe that Venezuela is one of the most failed nations among the pseudo-republics established after gaining independence from us. They have always been ruled by dictators, sometimes fascists, other times communists. Although the middle class and social services in Venezuela are virtually nonexistent, I think they essentially subsist because they are fortunate to have oil. On the other hand, without oil, they would be a very poor country like Haiti or Nicaragua. Everything there is a mess, and I don't understand why Spanish enterprises like Repsol and Movistar go there. My dad worked in Caracas for more than a while and decided not to return because it was impossible to work seriously there. Well, Venezuela has always accused us of bloody genocide. I can't expect more from them, but I am aware that they are always a threat to their neighbors: Colombia, Guyana, etc.

    A useless dictator like Maduro can only make us laugh because of the contradictions. He is against imperialism, but they want to occupy Guyana. They are against capitalism, but the elite of PSV studies in Switzerland or France. It is a joke, and I feel bad for the Venezuelan people because it seems difficult to get rid of this rotten system. We debated this for many days with some Latino friends, and we think that they do not have a future because they never had a good past. While Chile and Uruguay have realized that the only way to keep growing and improving is to establish capitalism and stop accusing Europe of everything, there are others like Venezuela that are happy in the victimhood of always. Again, they are so lucky to have oil... Their context would be so different otherwise. If I were the representative of Guyana, I would have said to Maduro: Por qué no te callas, as our king shouted to bloody Chavez, the communist, back in the day.

    Maduro, the puppet of Venezuelan oil companies, is acting as a clown again...

  • Missing features, bugs, questions about how to do stuff
    :up:

    All I can say is, wish you a good night, then!
  • Missing features, bugs, questions about how to do stuff
    for example, f and g sounds still occur where modern Spanish has an h (not pronounced), as in Ladino fijo, fablar versus Spanish hijo, hablar, and Ladino agora versus Spanish ahora

    The English subtitles are available in this video. Please watch it. I think you would like it.

  • Missing features, bugs, questions about how to do stuff
    I do not know if this is the correct place to share my struggle with cleaning up the memory of my computer. There appears to be a file called 'Garry's Mod,' which was a game from Steam. It takes up 12.5 GB, and it is a good idea to uninstall this game, archive, or whatever it is.

    However, when I click on the uninstall button, the window says: 'This file cannot be found.' How can this happen? A file with 12.5 GB seems not to exist, but at the same time, it occupies space in the memory of my computer.

    UPDATE: Don't worry, folks. ChatGPT already helped me find the file on my computer, and now it has been deleted forever.
  • Currently Reading
    Paradise, Abdulrazak Gurnah.
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    Legal professional full timeAmadeusD

    Another legal professional mate around here! Nice to meet you, Amadeus. New Zealand seems to be an interesting place to live.