My theory is only that the disinformation is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for these acts to occur. Do you disagree?Just note that many people read it and did nothing of the sort. So you have one instance of someone reading it and then later committing the crime. Compare that to the many others who did read it and then did nothing.
If your theory is that those words cause people to commit harmful acts, you’ll likely need a greater sample of evidence to support it. — NOS4A2
Are you suggesting that Edgar Welch would have shot up Comet Ping Pong Pizzeria even if he had never read that Democrats were sex trafficking children? That's ludicrous.Sure, but harmed as a result of someone’s choices, not as a result of the information. Post hoc ergo propter hoc. — NOS4A2
I’m just saying the information never caused the harms you mentioned. The choices of those involved did. So why must I worry about the information? — NOS4A2
I answered your question: "Why should we worry about misinformation?"False information cannot cause people to believe false information or act on false information. If you’d like to criminalize the cause of the harms you’d need to criminalize the act, for instance taking alternative medicine or refusing vaccines — NOS4A2
Disinformation does harm.Why should we worry about misinformation? — NOS4A2
Aren't there actual differences between objects, that would exist even if no one was around to use language?Of course not they’re different objects with their own separate existence but they’re both just lumps of mass. Language here serves to differentiate between different objects. — kindred
Just a lump of mass? Suppose it has a mass of 500 grams. Is it the same as a 500 gram, lead fishing weight?I’d say that mass is not just a property but a thing in itself. My radio is just a lump of mass and not just a property of the radio. The problem appears to be linguistic here. — kindred
All particles behave like waves under some circumstances. They're all quanta of quantum fields (according to quantum field theory).Yes photons are confusing because they’re both waves and particles as far as i understand the concept — kindred
By writing "matter(mass)" are you suggesting matter and mass are identical? They're not.But matter (mass) is an existent of itself is it not ? — kindred
This is confused. Energy and mass aren't existents (per se), they are properties of things that exist, and they can be converted to each other (that's entailed by E=MC^2).In this way, it does not need to be a material/physical thing, it only requires a phenomenology. For example some forms of energy are massless (not physical) eg a photon, but still acts - has the ability to do work. — Benj96
I haven't seen a conceptual analysis that concludes it is discrete, but my impression is that it's typically assumed to be continuous.Many important metaphysical questions have implications for the physical world. Metaphysics tries to figure things out with conceptual analysis (which can include math and logic) and intuition. In this case, it appears the process can't reach a definitive conclusion. — Relativist
What about the conclusion that spacetime is discrete? — MoK
Is it your opinion, as a physicist, that chaotic systems are not (in principle) reducible to deterministic laws of physics? My impression is that the math related to chaotic systems is pertains to identifying functional patterns to make predictions. That, at least, seems to be the nature of weather forecasts - it's not that the movement of air molecules is fundamentally indeterminstic, rather it's that it's that the quantity of data that would be needed to identify the locations and trajectory of each molecule is orders of magnitude too large to be practical to compute.But I wonder: is it really hopeless for physics? You said that treating spacetime as discrete would lead to errors if it's actually continuous. Couldn't this be tested? — Relativist
Yes, weather forecast for example. Any chaotic system in general. Even nonchaotic systems show the error in the long term. — MoK
Step (the verb) = the act of setting ones foot onto the next step (the noun; a thing).Isn't the set of steps the set of physical steps? If yes why do you use a one-to-one map? — MoK
If the question can't be answered via measurement, or any other physical means, then it's unknowable. Quantum mechanics demonstrates that intuition isn't a reliable means of deciding physical* truths, so it shouldn't be too surprising.Zeno paradox is a metaphysical problem rather than a physical one. It tells us something about reality without a need for any measurements. — MoK
How is that not a solution? It can be framed as reductio ad absurdum:That is not a solution but the point of Zeno. If the final step is logically impossible then you cannot complete an infinite series of finite steps therefore you cannot finish the task. — MoK
The speed of light (C) is a physical constant that corresponds to the light's velocity in a vacuum. The scenario in the video does not entail exceeding C, it entails slowing down light to a level that can be exceeded by non-light.Stopping light - one of several:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8Nj2uTZc10 — tim wood
Same thing. It's described here::Faster than light, Cerenkov radiation - one of several:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yjx0BSXa0Ks&t=169s — tim wood
Entanglement is instantaneous, but irrelevant to travel and communication. (see this).And quantum entanglement, which appears to be not only faster the light, but instantaneous. — tim wood
You got me: I was using an incorrect statistic, but my point stands that there's no basis to assume intelligence is probable. You ignored my more relevant point: the probability that the specific series of random genetic mutations from its abiogenetic ancestor on down to the first genus homo suggests intelligence is low probability.On intelligence, your comment was that
Only one species developed our level of intelligence on earth, — Relativist
.
I noted there were at least eight kinds of humans. And you replied:
Hardly. None of them had a human level of intelligence. — Relativist
. The most charitable thing to say here is that it appears you're confusing knowledge, certain kinds of knowledge, with intelligence, and that's just plain a mistake. — tim wood
My idea of life is pretty basic: molecules that self-replicate with some degree of accuracy. Do you have a less restrictive definition?The biases I find is that you appear to think of life as that which comports with your ideas of life, rather than restraining yourself so that your ideas of life might comport both with what life is and may be; and, that in mentioning survival advantages there seems more than a hint of teleology. Individuals may want to survive; to say that life wants to survive requires some elaboration to make sense - and teleology is just a sometines useful convenient fiction. — tim wood
You're verging on being rude. I'll give you the benefit of the doubt and assume you were trying to be funny, but try a little harder to avoid saying things that could sound demeaning.Astute of you, or did the "maybe" give it away. — tim wood
Sounds like you agree with me that something more is needed than mere logical possibility to make it worth considering.I understand a "logical possibility" as one not ruled out by, say, the law of non-contradiction. If you want to consider all of those, go for it. I think there are better uses for time and thinking. — tim wood
This is consistent with what I told you earlier:As to simple possibility and probability, consider: in our limited experience approximately at least one planet in ten evolves myriad advanced life forms, with at least one we consider pretty intelligent. If there are at least one trillion galaxies, each with about 150 billion stars, and the number of planets at least twice the number of stars and probably many more, then you do the math on the number of advanced life forms, and the number of those we would count as pretty intelligent or even very intelligent.
Absolutely it's probable there's other intelligent life somewhere in this vast, old universe. The issue is whether or not it exists close enough to us (in both time and distance) to even be detectable. For the reasons stated above, I think that's highly improbable. If you think I'm wrong, give me some basis to think it's probable. — Relativist
I chose to ignore the insult, but instead responded to the sense of what you said: "I'm perfectly fine with you exposing an error in my thinking."As you choose to mention my PM to you, it would have been nice also to include my point to you, that your arguments through lack of care and some rigor, become borderline nonsensical. — tim wood
Then what is it that you disagree with me about? Is it just that I exercised "too little care" when I said only one species developed human-level intelligence, and/or that I didn't make it clear that by "FTL travel", I was referring to traveling faster than C?But somewhere above you observe that distances are such it's unlikely we're going to encounter any aliens any time soon - and that I agree with. — tim wood
OK, so we risk introducing error if we treat spacetime as discrete, but if it IS discrete, we introduce no errors by treating it (mathematically) as continuous. So treat it as continuous and use the math. Problem solved, right?If spacetime is continuous then we are dealing with an error in treating space and time as discrete. ...
I think if spacetime is discrete and our capacity to measure spacetime interval is much higher than Planck length and time then we can treat spacetime continuously, hence we can use the continuous physical models that describe reality well. We however still have to deal with Zeno's and infinite staircases paradoxes. — MoK
You're conflating folk wisdom with a theory developed through the methodologies of science. Folk wisdom is a product of inductive inference (seeing no exceptions to observation) and assumed true without testing and with no attempt to establish a scientific basis for the assumption.Ok, but I seem to remember reading about a time when gravity was an absolute law and then man found a way to overcome it and even use it to their benefit. — Sir2u
Once again, you're conflating logical possibility with plausibility. I also sense a bit of wishful thinking in there. Are you a theist?Could it be in some way possible that humans are capable of overcoming or even utilizing other laws of the universe to their own benefit? And again we still do not know all of the laws. — Sir2u
Right - general relativity breaks down in the conditions of the very early universe, when the diameter of the current visible universe was around 1.5 meters (see this). But we're dealing with the universe in its current state - where no exceptions to relativity have have been discovered and many predictions have been confirmed.I also seem to remember that Quantum physics is not entirely compatible with GR and that there are several theories being proposed to unite them. String theory proposes several dimension, which leaves quite a lot of possibilities for future discoveries. — Sir2u
More or less. Both demonstrate the fact that limits don't correspond to the completion of an infinite series of finite steps. I agree with Sime, and I also gave a solution in that thread that is similar to his.That paradox is nothing more than Zeno's paradox. — MoK
Sweet Jesus! They were all human - just not like you! Unique common ancestor? Life began "under exactly one environment"? I think you need to be a little more precise in what you write. I'll buy the proposition that so far, existing life appears to share a common ancestor, although deep sea thermal vent life may disprove that. But that is silent on life that may have existed before and disappeared. And it leaves open the question of what "exactly one environment" is.
And you seem to be limiting life to earth-like life - and that's absurd on its face. — tim wood
Maybe life developed in multiple environments and then interacted. The problem is that you have guesses and an apparent bias, all of which you think is knowledge. And it isn't. Maybe they're good and educated guesses, but not knowledge.
Sure, it's logically possible there are many ways life could arise. How do you factor this additional bare logical possibility into the analysis? It's also logically possible Yahweh directly created life on earth, and that this is the only way life can begin. Explain whether that possibility is worth equal consideration.And you seem to be limiting life to earth-like life - and that's absurd on its face. — tim wood
Point me at such a video. I could only find videos and articles that support what I said. (Examples: https://youtu.be/BhG_QZl8WVY?si=U7OH2jr-APmkv8E3, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster-than-light)We haven't observed FTL travel
— Relativist
Sure we have. Demonstrations available in Youtube videos. — tim wood
I'm perfectly fine with you exposing an error in my thinking. That's how we learn. In this case, it seems that we disagree regarding how much consideration we give to bare logical possibility, OR there's some factor I'm overlooking that shows these possibilities are more than merely logically possible.The problem as I see it is not that you're wrong, but that in speaking/writing informally - which we all do - you also fall into thinking and arguing with that same informality, which at that point becomes error. — tim wood
Maybe you don't realize what I was talking about. I was referring to faster than light travel and traveling through hyperspace. The former is physically impossible if General Relativity is true. GR is one of the best established, and most verified, theories in physics establishing it as a law of nature, describing something fundamental about the universe.And you are conflating unknown possibility with improbable probabilities. I think you missed the point.
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke — Sir2u
We are able observe galaxies at the edge of the visible universe, and have encountered no evidence inconsistent with GR. If there are island universes beyond ours (another speculation) it's moot to the discussion because they are clearly out of reach.Earths scientists still do not know a lot about earth itself, no one can say what might be possible in other parts of the universe. Even if the laws of the universe are standard, we still do not know all of them. — Sir2u
Of course, but l'm talking probabilities.But even low probabilities are not the same as impossibilities. — Sir2u
You're conflating "unexplainable events" with fanciful possibilities.Events that are unexplainable by current science is usually indistinguishable from magic. Or do you think our scientists know all about the universe already? — Sir2u
If we count only one hundredth of one percent of the stars in the Milky Way as possibly having a planet in the Goldilocks zone, that is still a million planets that might contain the elements of life. If we count only one hundredth of one percent of those as possibly containing life, that still leaves us with a hundred possibilities. — Sir2u
Detecting life outside the galaxy seems extremely far fetched. 1% probability of intelligence developing seems grossly optimistic. On earth, only 1 out of 8.7 Million species have a human level of intelligence.Obviously the one percent possibility of there being intelligent life on any of those planets could explain us being here. And all of those without looking outside of our galaxy.
Hardly. None of them had a human level of intelligence.That's an error by a factor of at least eight, — tim wood
The most well-supported hypothesis is the Universal Common Ancestor, which implies life began under exactly one environment. The oxygen catastrophe was a consequence of life that was already present, and changed the environment - sending evolution into another direction. There are a host of environmental changes that occurred in the evolutionary sequence from abiogenesis to humans, and thus many accidents that collectively/sequentially led to our existence. As I said, we're improbable.As to "goldilocks" conditions, I commend to you a little research on life forms on earth before the "oxygen catastrophe." — tim wood
That life is improbable is supported by the fact that we're nowhere close to figuring out abiogenesis. This suggests it requires a narrow set of conditions.Keeping in mind the different kinds of life that have occurred on this planet, it appears that many "notions" of life should be qualified as life-like-us. Once free of that parish-pump idea, the possibilities for life increase by a lot. And where there's life there's the possibility of evolution. Life is thought of variously as divine, magical, mysterious. More likely it is simply a very possible mix of the right chemicals and some energy, and not even a lot of energy. Thus given enough chances, inevitable; and given a universe's number of chances, frequent.
In terms of the local universe, imo any thought of constraint on the possibilities of life must be reckoned provincial and a provincialism reinforced by the blunt fact of distance. — tim wood
It's logically possible, just like it's logically possible we could work magic, or summon demons, if we just had the right incantation. There's really not much difference, when we start considering possibilities that contradict science that is as well established as relativity.No idea about that, but just because we don't understand it does not mean it is not possible. We did not even know there were other galaxies until a 100 years ago. — Sir2u
The best guess is that conditions need to be similar to earth's: goldilocks zone orbiting a star liquid water, heavy elements in sufficient abundance.How much life there is out there, I have no idea either. — Sir2u
It is seeing whole galaxies, not planets, much less detecting radio waves coming from them.This is from Wayfarer's thread.
https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/12247/james-webb-telescope/p1
It could peek into the distant past of 13.7 B years. — L'éléphant
A healthy democracy would be dominated by a well-informed, rational electorate. There would be no need to block an incompetent, irrational, demagogue who disrespects the criminal justice system.Someone like Trump should, in a healthy democracy, be blocked from running as a representative, because people like him are clearly incompetent for the job. — Christoffer
"Could have" = it's logically possible, not that there's any good reasons to believe it to be the case that life existed before the big bang. We know nothing about the pre-big bang conditions, but we know some of the conditions necessary for life to arise in our universe, and there's no reason to believe those conditions existed prior to the big bang.Sure that’s a nice hypothesis I like it however it implies that life could still have existed pre-big bang if those conditions were somehow met during a pre big bang world which would support my argument that not only is intelligence inevitable but that it’s an inherent feature of the universe pre or post big bang. — kindred
Your "strong claim" is a non-sequitur. My analysis only implies that life is inevitable (but rare) in this universe. You've still given no reason to think it's a "manifestation of pre-existing intelligence" - you seem to be treating the bare possibility that life MAY HAVE existed prior to the big bang as a strong reason to believe it was actually the case.This not only means that intelligence/life emerges inevitably from non-life but that it’s a manifestation of a pre-existing intelligence. Strong claim indeed.