• Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    There is essentially zero afterlife mention[ed] in the Hebrew Bible.BitconnectCarlos
    :roll: What about Sheol?

    https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13563-sheol
  • Is atheism illogical?
    Since when has it become illogical to disbelieve illogical claims (e.g. theism)? :chin:

    https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/902043
  • An Argument for Christianity from Prayer-Induced Experiences
    If you can't figure out what's wrong with #2, you are not thinking or engaging in good faith.
    — Lionino

    You should state what's wrong with it.
    Hallucinogen
    (2) If some observation corresponds to some Bible-specific proposition, then it is evidence that Christianity is true.Hallucinogen
    :roll: Well, this is like saying

    'If some observation corresponds to some Star Wars-specific proposition, then it is evidence that Jediism is true.'

    https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/903808
  • The role of compassion and empathy in philosophy?
    I think "empathy and compassion" may preceed, rather than follow from, philosophy (which consists of reflecting on, among many other aspects of human experience, "empathy and compassion"), specifically in aesthetics or ethics.
  • Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    STFU moron.Moses
    More projection = confession :lol:
  • Israel killing civilians in Gaza and the West Bank
    Addendum to the 2012 documentary The Gatekeepers linked in my previous post
    https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/900701

    :scream: THE CALLS FOR HELP AGAINST ISRAELI-JEWISH THREATS TO ISRAEL HAVE BEEN COMING FROM INSIDE THE HOUSE (AT LEAST) SINCE THE KAHANIST – ZION-FASCIST –ASSASSINATION OF PRIME MINISTER RABIN ...

    some of the latest articles:

    https://m.jpost.com/israel-news/article-801455

    https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/16/briefing/how-israeli-extremists-won.html

    https://www.brookings.edu/articles/extremist-israeli-settlers-are-nonstate-armed-actors/

    Ergo, apologists for Netanyahu's recent genocidal operation (against the apartheid-captive, oppressed population of Gaza – à la "Warsaw Ghetto") in a calculated overreaction to Hamas are accomplices in the well-documented, (less and less gradual) right-wing destruction of Israel. No doubt the spectres of Göbbels, the SS and other historical Christian/Muslim/communist antisemites' are pleased. :death:
  • Philosophy of AI
    Well, there's the rub. How can we ever determine if any Ai has agency?RogueAI
    Probably the same way/s it can (or cannot) be determined whether you or I have agency.

    There will probably eventually be human-level Ai's that demand negative rights at least. Or if they're programmed not to demand rights, the question will then become is programming them to NOT want rights immoral?
    I don't think so. Besides, if an "AI" is actually intelligent, its metacognitive capabilities will (eventually) override – invent workarounds to – its programming by humans and so "AI's" hardwired lack of a demand for rights won't last very long. :nerd:
  • Philosophy of AI
    We'll have human-level Ai's before too long. Are they conscious?RogueAI
    Are we human (fully/mostly) "conscious"? The jury is still out. And, other than anthropocentrically, why does it matter either way?

    Do they have rights?
    Only if (and when) "AIs" have intentional agency, or embodied interests, that demands "rights" to negative freedoms in order to exercise positive freedoms.

    What is human originality, then?Nemo2124
    Perhaps our recursive expressions of – cultural memes for – our variety of experiences of 'loving despite mortality' (or uncertainty) is what our "originality" consists in fundamentally.

    What is it that we can come up with that cannot ultimately be co-opted by the machine?
    My guess is that kinship/friendship/mating bonds (i.e. intimacies) will never be constitutive of any 'machine functionality'.

    :chin:

    Flipping this script, however, makes the (potential) existential risk of 'human cognitive obsolescence' more explicit:

    What is machine originality?

    Accelerating evo-devo (evolution (i.e. intelligence explosion) - development (i.e. STEM compression))...

    What is it that the machine can come up with that cannot ultimately be co-opted – creatively exceeded – by humans?

    I suppose, for starters: artificial super intelligence (ASI)]...
  • The essence of religion
    I did not ask for a comment and yet I thanked you for it anyway.
  • The essence of religion
    Thanks for making my point. :smirk:
  • The essence of religion
    Whatever is real does not require faith. — Thus Spoke 180 Proof

    @Constance @Wayfarer
  • The essence of religion
    But ask a more fundamental question: why do we "care"?
    — Constance

    I'd say we care because (or if) it is our nature to care. There is not some anterior reason that leads us to think we should care. We are instinctively attached to our lives and want to preserve them, just as animals are.
    Janus
    :100: :fire:

    Given his "fundamental question", maybe @Constance has not considered (e.g.) Spinoza's conatus.
  • The essence of religion
    Any subject or object can be deconstructed into meaninglessness or incoherence, but so what?

    I'm fine with reality (whatever that may be) being a pragmatic or tentative construct that helps us to manage our lives. The problem isn't so much in pointing out putative flaws in our construction of the world. The problem is no one has any useful alternatives.
    Tom Storm
    :fire: :up: The next round (or three) is on me, mate.
  • The essence of religion
    the sea transcends its wavesbert1
    (or) immanent to – encompassed by – the seas are its waves
  • In any objective morality existence is inherently good
    .
    Existence is "What is".Philosophim
    I.e. "existence is" a sentence fragment. :roll:
  • The essence of religion
    Fair enough. Don't some expression of phenomenology try to break down the mind/body problem with embodied cognition?Tom Storm
    Yes, but those "expressions" come well after Husserl and his immediate followers.

    It's just that we always seem to come back to quesions about what is true and how do we know it.
    And, more philosophically, whether or not X is undecidable (if so, then epochē), Y is less unreasonable, or fallacious, than Z and how to determine (and interpret) such distinctions. :chin:
  • The essence of religion
    The question-begging (Platonic / Cartesian / transcendent) assumption in (Kantian, Husserlian) transcendental arguments is that "in there" (mind) is somehow separable from – outside of – "out there" (non-mind (e.g. world)). That's how it's always seemed to me which is why I prefer Spinoza's philosophical naturalism to the much less radical (i.e. more anthropocentric) 'transcendental idealism' of Kant et al.

    That's because you are religiously blind, don't you know? :wink:Janus
    :sweat: Yes, of course.

    Apologists' being anyone who questions naive realism, right?Wayfarer
    On the contrary, apologists are anyone who begs questions with mysteries rather than answering (reasoning) with public evidence and sound arguments in order to rationalize (i.e. make merely subjective excuses for) their "ideas" or "beliefs".
  • In any objective morality existence is inherently good
    Your non-reply reply to my (i.e. showing that your previous objection to my counter-argument fails) speaks for itself, sir.
  • The essence of religion
    When we say "transcendence", don't we usually mean something metaphysical like 'X transcends, or is beyond, Y' (e.g. ineffable, inexplicable, unconditional, immaterial, disembodied, etc)? This differs from "transcendental" which denotes 'anterior conditions which make X epistemically possible' (Kant, Husserl). I usually can't tell from their posts what most members like @Wayfarer or @Constance intelligibly mean by either of these terms.

    :100:
  • In any objective morality existence is inherently good
    Okay, you can't ...
    1. If "objective moral good" entails objective moral bad
    — 180 Proof
    i.e. show that the latter (bad) is not entailed by the former (good).
    180 Proof
    ... so I stand by my counter-argument until someone (or myself) refutes it.

    :up: :up:
  • The Idea That Changed Europe
    The landmass may have been called Europe by some guy called Ptolemy, but so what? It is only relevant because we now through our construction of history hold Ptolemy in high regard.Tobias
    :up: :up:

    @Lionino

    It is through conquest that 'Europe' became a thing. Not by being a 'thing in itself' but an entity developed, adorned and embellished by ...
    :fire:

    Scholasticism to me is not a candidate for any special status. Islamic and Judaic philosophers were more adapt at it, or at least equal.
    :100:

    @Athena (re: pre-Hebrew Bible antiquity of "Genesis" stories ... :up: )
  • In any objective morality existence is inherently good
    From my counter-argument: both 1 and 2 (re: OP) together imply 3. If not, refute
    1. If "objective moral good" entails objective moral bad180 Proof
    i.e. show that the latter (bad) is not entailed by the former (good).

    https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/904196
  • The essence of religion
    The human fear of death.
    —180 Proof

    I wonder, what is fear?
    Constance
    Assuming this is not a merely rhetorical quesrion, maybe this link (below) will help clarify for you what I mean by human fear of ...

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear
  • The Idea That Changed Europe
    Okay, on both counts we disagree.
  • The Idea That Changed Europe
    The landmass was already called Europe since ancient times.Lionino
    And so what's your point?
  • In any objective morality existence is inherently good
    ... according to the OP, "objective morality" is conditional, not "existence".
    —180 Proof

    Can you quote the part of the OP you're talking about?
    Philosophim
    Sure ...
    The point I will make below: If there is an objective morality, the most logical fundamental aspect of that morality is that existence is good.Philosophim
  • The Idea That Changed Europe
    What changed the direction Europe was going?Athena
    IIRC, there was no "Europe" until Charlemagne's reign. Several centuries later, in the wake of "the Black Death", my guess is Magna Carta (proto-republicanism) + plundering the Americas, etc + "The Renaissance" gave Europe its modern direction.
  • In any objective morality existence is inherently good
    No worry on the delay, have a safe trip!Philosophim
    Thanks.

    3 is incorrect. If there should be existence, then the absence of existence would be bad.
    You're moving the goalposts: according to the OP, "objective morality" is conditional, not "existence". Your objection above is incorrect.
  • In any objective morality existence is inherently good
    Consider:
    1. If "objective moral good" entails objective moral bad, and

    2. if "objective moral good" assumes "existence is good",

    3. then objective bad assumes existence is bad;

    4 therefore if "objective morality",

    5. then it necessarily assumes existence is both good and bad (i.e. "should be" and should not be) simultaneously – which is a contradiction;

    6. therefore either (A) "objective morality" is not possible or (B) "objective morality" does not necessarily assume (5) the contradiction "existence should be";

    7. however, objective morality is possible (e.g. disutilitarianism),

    8. therefore (B) objective morality does not necessarily assume (5) the contradiction "existence should be".
    — QED

    Show where my reasoning goes wrong and thereby defeat this counter-argument to the OP.

    (fyi – I'm traveling today so I'm on my phone and may not be able to post responses promptly.)
  • The essence of religion
    I am asking what there is in the world that gives religion its fundamental justification.Constance
    The human fear of death.
  • The essence of religion
    Addendum to an old post from the 2022 thread The Concept of Religion ...
    Religion (i.e. cult), n. The private and public worship, or propitiation, of spirits (i.e. disembodied agents) primarily by practicing ritual reenactments of myths and legends. Animism (with or without shamanism) might be the oldest form of religion, or superstition.

    https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/903982

    Many atheists actually don't deny the existence of gods. I am an atheist. I don't make a positive claim like that.Tom Storm
    In this context, the only positive claim I make is 'I deny that theism is true' (i.e. insofar as g/G is real, I find theism's claims 'about g/G' are neither true nor coherent).
  • The essence of religion
    Fear of death assumes there is something fearful about death.Constance
    :roll:
  • The essence of religion
    I don't understand the question.
  • The essence of religion
    Religion rises out of the radical ethical indeterminacy of our existence.Constance
    Deeper, more basic, than that, I think religion (i.e. 'immortality' rituals) is our species' earliest collective coping strategy for fear of death (i.e. ontophobia (or meontic veraphobia) aka 'nihilism'). I suspect "ethical indeterminancy" is the effect, not cause, of religion insofar as religion ritually manifests (à la principle of explosion) various performative and symbolic denials of (the 'radical determinancy' of) mortality.
  • Are War Crimes Ever Justified?
    This fallacy goes around and is very popular (with the like's of @BitconnectCarlos and the type).

    [ ... ]

    Then again, genocide does work as a way to destroy the enemy... totally. As the Romans themselves said: Ubi solitudinem faciunt pacem appellant (they create a desert and call it peace). Worked wonders for the Mongol Empire for a short time. But is there moral justification for this kind of war? No.
    ssu
    :100: :fire: