But can't concepts be derived from experiences? — Noble Dust

Sure. That's what happens. Experiences go in one end of our minds and come out concepts at the other end.

Indeed, you did. — Banno

Yes, Mr. Snoot.

So truth matters. — Banno

Let's talk about the Trump/Biden election situation. Truth no longer matters. Biden is president. That's not going to change. The people in power were convinced. What's important now is being able to work with those who don't believe. We can 1) Rant and rave and feel superior 2) Try to convince the disbelievers or 3) Work to reduce the level of animosity so we can work together going forward.

A lot of people who hate Trump want to drive the bus off a cliff as a matter of principle.

I like the focus on decision making. — Zugzwang

I've come around to the understanding that the question "What is true?" is not the right one. The one that matters is "What do I do now?" Truth is just a tool we can use to make the decision.

'a fact is the kind of statement that all us reasonable people consider true, for now.' — Zugzwang

Gould was one of the primary people who went out as an expert witness at trials involving creationism and intelligent design. This is something he was passionate about. One of the reasons I like his quote is that the passion shows. Your statement isn't strong enough for him, or for me. There is a bite in "perverse."

if you begin by agreeing with Trump, you've lost. — Banno

I didn't say I agree with Trump, should agree with Trump, or will agree with Trump. I said what I believe is true doesn't matter if we can't convince others.

Good question. If you've been cavalier and indiscriminate in understanding and use of "fact/belief/knowledge/truth" then how are you gong to decide? — tim wood

Once you flush out all the bullshit Philosophicationismness®: fact, belief, knowledge, and truth are all pretty much the same thing. That's a new word I made up today. You'll be seeing more of it in the future. And that brings us back to Gould:

In science decision making, 'fact' can only mean 'confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional assent.'

But if the counter to lies is just alternate belief, what's the point?

Isn't the point that the election was fair, vaccines do save lives, climate change is man-made?

If you start from the premise that truth doesn't matter, you've already lost. — Banno

If we can't work with people we disagree with strongly to work out a way forward, we can have a great feeling of satisfaction about being right while the country goes down the fucking toilet.

You're right, TC, but what hope for us all if politics, on whatever side, becomes immune to facts and will only accept and disseminate beliefs of increasing bizarreness? There's work to be done. — Tom Storm

I agree, but I know if we treat people we disagree with with contempt and derision, it just won't work.

Nicely done, TC. It does however make me feel quite justified in walking away from any kind of fathomless, inscrutable writings. What possible use can they have (for me)?

Have to say (and this is not a criticism) I find it interesting that you can reconcile this with your model of pragmatism. — Tom Storm

I'll just say - for me as an engineer and usually a pragmatist, Lao Tzu's way of seeing things is the one vision I've found that provides a convincing foundation for everything I believe. Nothing else I've found provides a better metaphysical basis for science, engineering, and problem solving. That's another way of saying I don't find them fathomless or inscrutable at all.

Now you'll ask me to explain. I'll just say first, I don't think it's really relevant to this discussion. And then, It's something I've discussed many times on the forum, including in discussions you've participated in. I haven't really tried to convince people. I'm mostly just trying to express my thoughts and feelings - my experience - clearly enough that people can understand them, whether or not they agree. Looks like I haven't done a good job with you.

The OP is ambiguous to the extent one wonders if it's asking (1) whether English in particular offers limitations in what it can describe as opposed to what might be only explainable in French, for example or (2) whether certain concepts are ineffable and not reducible to langauge. — Hanover

I thought it was clear from the OP that this discussion was about question (1). I didn't see any ambiguity. That's what my responses started out as answers to. Perhaps I was wrong. Now we've moved over into a discussion of facts vs. truth vs. knowledge vs. belief.

As to (1), I think the consensus is no, that all langauges in principle can equally explain things, even if it requires more words or longer explanations. — Hanover

I might have some quibbles with this, but generally I agree.

What you've addressed iare the sociological biases inherent in language, which I'd agree with. If our houses are built for our particular needs, I can imagine langauge would be similar. I don't think that what I've said regarding #1 impacts #2, but i can see debate there. — Hanover

Again, I generally agree.

(2) whether certain concepts are ineffable and not reducible to langauge. — Hanover

As to (2), I've argued they are, and that's what I addressed. — Hanover

If you're saying that certain concepts are not reducible to language, I'm in agreement with a major qualification. I've spent a lot of time discussing The Tao Te Ching on the forum. To me, it's message is that there are experiences that are not reducible to language, not concepts. For me, concepts, ideas, are creatures of language. I think the distinction is important. It's central to how I think about reality. And I'll say it again as I always do, that's a metaphysical judgement, not a fact.

Well, I am. It might help ↪tim wood if he is able to say that Kelly-Anne Conway is wrong. That's harder to do if you are going to maintain that its belief that counts, not truth. — Banno

I think Trump has shown that it's not facts or truth that matter, it's belief. If you can't convince people, get them to believe, that you're right, you might as well not be. Perhaps you'll get some satisfaction so you and your political buddies can rant, rave, and feel superior, but it doesn't mean anything in terms of doing what politics is supposed to do - govern.

That's exactly the distinction marked by distinguishing belief from fact. — Banno

As I noted before, I'm not sure fact/belief/knowledge/truth distinctions are worth the trouble. When we get to the end, the only question that matters is "What do I do now?"

To me this sounds very clunky. Do you think all of reality is clunky? — Yohan

Reality isn't clunky. Human thought is clunky.

I think pain pills and hypothermia might be interesting, a whole psychedelic death journey, with my last moments being perhaps the most exciting. If I did have to hang, I think I'd want to the broken neck. I'd prefer the guillotine though, if I had to offer my neck. — Zugzwang

Yes, well. We'll save this for another discussion.

An earth worms world is dirt. A bird's world is the sky. Dirt and sky are not the same thing thought about differently. — Yohan

We live on the surface of a planet surrounded by gaseous nitrogen with a temperature range between -10 C and 50C and able to perceive a limited range of sound waves and electromagnetic radiation yet the Andromeda Galaxy, x-rays, and quarks are part of our world.

In my world there are many worlds. In your world there is one.
Who is right. — Yohan

Neither of us. The idea of "world" as we are using it is a metaphysical term. As such, it is not right or wrong, only useful or not in a particular situation. It's just our different ways of looking at the same thing.

Yeah that is what I'm saying, but only in the damnably long term. — Srap Tasmaner

Perhaps.

No, our knowledge of facts is tentative. The true is always satisfiable. Else true doesn't mean true. This, or there is no difference between fact and true. — tim wood

Knowledge, truth, belief, fact. All tied up in knots of language and meaning.

Once you've institutionalized such practices, you can even overcome failures like the replication crisis. The faith is that democracy can support similar incremental progress towards a just society, despite its failures. — Srap Tasmaner

Both science and democracy are important to me and I agree with you about both involving self-correction mechanisms. That's not the same as saying that democracies are more likely to make their decisions based on reason than other forms of government. Perhaps that's not what you were trying to say.

There is no singular "real world". Your world and my world are very different, even though we are both human males(I think?). Imagine how different is the world of the opposite sex, or other species even. — Yohan

I often say "There's only one world," so, clearly I disagree. There are, on the other hand, lots of ways to think, talk about it. I think humans, men and women, are much more alike than different. Ditto with people with different languages and cultures. It may take some work, but we can understand each other.

As for non-human animals? I don't know.

Yes, I am a human male.

but then what? — Srap Tasmaner

We just do the best we can.

Science doesn't have a way of establishing fact. Rather than admit this, which I believe honest scientists do, some science advocates and probably actual scientists won't admit it, but will instead rearrange the goal posts so that a fact can mean something that is agreed upon by the majority of scientists. — Yohan

I don't buy this. A scientific consensus doesn't make something a fact, it makes it suitable for use. How do we use knowledge - adequately justified beliefs? We use them to make decisions about possible actions.

I think its a problem because how do we determine what counts as sufficient reason to accept something as evidence. And then how much of such evidence is enough to accept something as fact beyond a reasonable doubt? — Yohan

First off, we don't generally need to establish facts "beyond a reasonable doubt." Sometimes we do, but not usually. Choosing the level of allowable doubt is a matter of human of judgement. You have to take into account the amount of uncertainty and the consequences of being wrong. This is something people do all the time. It's nothing exotic or even particularly philosophical. Which is not to say they don't do it wrong lots of times.

Something is either proven to be a fact or it isn't. No amount of induction will ever establish a fact. — Yohan

This is silly philosophicationismness. The only things we can know that aren't established by induction are those that come from deduction, which have nothing to do with the real world. Maybe no amount of induction will ever establish a fact, but it can establish a provisional fact, belief if you will, that is suitable for use in making decisions.

I am getting at the problem of religious conflicts, and the democratic belief that reasoning is the way to resolve conflicts. — Athena

If this is what you wanted, you should have said so in the OP.

I don't see how the belief that reasoning is the way to resolve conflicts is somehow a democratic principle.

If we are going to make laws that affect everyone, and put people in penitentiaries to save their souls, and go to war because that is the will of God, shouldn't we have really good grounds for what we believe? — Athena

I don't think many people, theists or non-theists, think we should put people in prison to save their souls. I also don't think theistic regime's are more likely to start wars than non-theistic ones. Please, let's not get into that foofaraw again.

Yes, yes, and yes. How can anyone today believe a god walked in a garden with a man and a woman and this is the beginning of our history? If that story is accepted as factual, isn't there a problem with our thinking? Like before scientific thinking why wouldn't everyone believe that story? There was not a method for thinking that would clarify the story as a myth, not a fact. — Athena

Gould said "in science." He was as big, if perhaps not as rabid, an atheist as you and @tim wood are. He, unlike you, was not anti-religion.

In 415, St. Augustine, one of the founders of the Christian church, stated that the bible should be interpreted metaphorically. Thanks to @Wayfarer for that information. Just because there are fundamentalists who haven't gotten the message, that doesn't give you leeway to let the straw dogs out.



And again, what makes you think democracy has some sort of privileged access to reason?

So the true is tentative? And, "turns out not to be true" means something else is true? It becomes a hall of mirrors. — tim wood

Our knowledge of what is true is always tentative, or as Gould writes, "provisional." any definition of truth that doesn't take that into account is missing the point. Truth that can't be known is meaningless.

Even the suicidal want to tie a good noose. — Zugzwang

I'm stealing that. — Banno

Actually, I've always thought that hanging would be a good way to commit suicide if I ever want to do so. When I picture it, I always just tie a slip knot. It is my understanding the fancy-schmancy hangman's noose was developed as a way to break the hangee's neck when they are dropped from a gallows.

I read the OP as asking whether there are things we can't describe in the English language and you guys are droning on about how we use language. — Hanover

I don't see how we can discuss the subject of the OP without talking about how we use language.

representational symbols with 100% accuracy — Hanover

Describing something doesn't mean representing something "with 100% accuracy." Red Delicious apple. About 3 inches diameter. Red. I don't normally need to count how many seeds.

I reckon the grear Lao Tzu is referring to what I suppose is some kind of God-like entity or a Cosmic Principle that's behind all there is, every object, every phenomenon, basically everything, with the Tao. — TheMadFool

I'm reluctant to get into a discussion about that here. You've been in threads with me and others where this was discussed. If I remember correctly, you have a pretty good idea of what Lao Tzu means by "Tao" even if you don't agree with how he sees things.

He picked "Tao" for some reason now lost to history. — TheMadFool

"Tao" means "way." "Te" sort of means "virtue." "Ching" means book. Tao Te Ching means the book of the way and virtue, more or less.

What's important to note here is Lao Tzu is employing apophasis to get us to realize what the Tao is. — TheMadFool

I think you're right, but I've always preferred to think about it as a joke Lao Tzu is telling.

What's going on? — TheMadFool

As I noted, I think you have a fairly good idea of what is going on. Methinks the laddie doth protest too much.

This is science apologetics. — Yohan

Explain please.

If something can be confirmed as fact, explain how. — Yohan

It says "confirm to a degree" and "provisional assent." I don't see any problem, just follow the scientific method, i.e. provide evidence.

This definition is like saying 'something is confirmed if its been so confirmed that it would be perverse to withhold provisional assent'. — Yohan

I think you're playing around with language. Do you really not know what Gould is saying?

That's not an answer to the question. — Bartricks

Sure it is. It's just put in everyday language. People understand what it means. You understand what it means, even if you think it's not true.

That's a false statement — Bartricks

I think it's a very good description of what a fact is. It captures the uncertainty associated with all our knowledge while still enforcing a rigorous standard. Most philosophical discussions dick around with that.

You lot are so confused it is painful. — Bartricks

@Zugzwang, I don't know if you've come across @Bartricks in your wandering through the forum yet. He likes to insult people rather than engage in a collegial discussion.

Is that a fact? — Banno

Probably not. It may be a metaphysical statement which, as I've said many times, are not true or false, only useful or not.

But it is also apparent that there are facts that are not provisional. — Banno

Are there any facts determined by induction, as opposed to those determined by deduction, that might not be wrong.

Tomorrow will be Sunday. — Banno

I'm retired. I sometimes forget what day it is. Also, in Hawaii it's 7:30 pm on Friday now. There, tomorrow will be Saturday.

Hey, T. I was just joking with you. You jumped on me, remember? Yeah, I'm ambivalent about philosophy, but so is much of philosophy itself. — Zugzwang

We seem to be having a fruitful exchange now.

You posted that a moment before I made a similar point. I think it's a reason to not take such a definition of 'fact' too seriously, despite what it gets right. Definitions are a questionable enterprise anyhow. — Zugzwang

Which I think brings us back to the Gould quote. Here it is again for reference:

In science, 'fact' can only mean 'confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional assent.

Facts are always provisional.

That's the difference between facts and beliefs. Facts cannot turn out the be false. Beliefs can. — Banno

Maybe that answers Athena's question - Facts don't exist. There are only beliefs.

Damn right, sir. But I'm aware of it. Are you enjoying yours? — Zugzwang

You haven't been here long. How many of my and other people's posts have you read? If you haven't read them, then you have no basis for judging the quality of my, or any other forum member's, work. If, in general, you don't respect the quality of the thinking or writing on the forum, what are you doing here?

It doesn't make sense.

But doubtless she would claim that her alternate facts are themselves "confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional assent", in which case T Clark's definition is not much help. — Banno

As you note, a fact is a statement that is true. Any definition of "fact" has to take into account that what we believe is a fact may turn out not to be true when we have more information. That's what I like best about the Gould quote.

The Kelly-Anne Conway problem has nothing to do with facts. It has to do with convincing people of what the facts are. That's rhetoric, not philosophy.

You seem to be riding on your own pompous hobbyhorse.

Umm… it kinda depends. I mean, if I saw that in real life I’d probably puke, but I find beauty in it more so in how I interpret its meaning than just its aesthetics. I guess it’s similar to how people find stories beautiful. It has nothing to do with the way the words look. It’s about their meaning. — Pinprick

Just to be clear, I didn't mean to suggest that I don't think it belongs in this thread.

It does kind of remind me of those old Monty Python graphics.

Stephen Jay Gould said:

In science, 'fact' can only mean 'confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional assent.

Joel-Peter Whitkin- “The Kiss” — Pinprick

Serious question - Do you really find that beautiful?

"I don't like what you're saying, but I can't find grounds to disagree." — Tzeentch

Why do I need to provide grounds for my judgement when you provided no grounds for your original statement?