My point was that we don’t have to agree on what is sinful to agree that if we sin then there must a punishment; and from there my argument begins. — Bob Ross

Why does there have to be a punishment?

ETA: Scratch that. Let's say we have two people, Bob and Alice. Alice is an atheist who lives a decent life and does no great harm to anyone, just minor sins here and there. Bob is a serial killer who's tortured and killed untold numbers of kids. On his deathbed, Bob accepts Jesus into his heart. Alice doesn't. What do Alice's and Bob's punishments look like?

a) information representation - the complexity of bits and tidbits that are describing the contents — Ulthien

If all minds in the universe suddenly disappeared, would it still be true that Sherlock Holmes lives at 221B Baker Street? Truth is supposed to be what corresponds to reality, but what reality does the Holmes story correspond to if there are no minds left to comprehend it? And yet, before the disappearance of minds, it was clearly true that Holmes lived at 221B. So how can a truth just vanish the moment consciousness does? If that’s the case, then some truths depend on minds to exist—which challenges the idea that all truths are purely objective or physical.

Where do you land on the issue of consciousness? What's your favored theory?

So anyway, the claim now from you is, if physicalism is true then knowing everything about the physical arrangement of the book should allow you to understand the meaning of the book, even if you don't understand the language it was written in.

I just don't think that follows. — flannel jesus

If physicalism is true (more specifically, if minds are physical), how do we even begin to discuss how something like the meaning of a book is possible? My point was simply that, if physicalism is true, then knowledge of all the physical facts about a book should entail complete knowledge of the book, but obviously that's not true, so strict physicalism isn't true. My point is just a rehash of Mary's Room. I personally am an idealist.

This one is rather trivial. Of course someone with that knowledge could in principle learn anything about the book someone who physically had the book could. They'd have to do more work than someone who just had the book in front of them, but... so? — flannel jesus

So let's suppose John and Alice have complete knowledge of all the physical facts of a copy of Orwell's 1984 in English. Neither of them has ever heard of the story. John doesn't know English, but Alice does, and Alice now knows the story contained in the pages. Who has more knowledge of the book? Isn't it clear Alice does?

You seem to be digressing into books from the original topic conscious mind. But think again. If there was nothing in the world, i.e. no paper, no ink, no humans, no physical objects whatsoever (imagine a place like Mars - a field with just rocks and hills), can a story of Sherlock Holmes exist? Whatever idea or story it might be, it needs to be in the form of physical media, DVD or ebook or physical book for it to exist. With no physical objects to contain ideas or books or music, nothing can exist. — Corvus

Before a story can be put down on some physical media, it exists in a mind first. Now, you may say that a story exists in a brain, but then we're back to the knowledge issue: if the story exists in a brain, and I have complete knowledge of the brain, then I will have knowledge of all the mental content of that brain, including whatever stories it may be thinking of. You tried to respond to this with a hard drive analogy, but you seemed to abandon it when I pointed out you were creating a distinction between data and the physical components of the hard drive which heavily implied dualism.

In that sense, they are all some form of physical objects. Ideas, minds and consciousness or whatever abstract objects you might be thinking, talking or imagining, they are in some form of physical existence - they need to be read, spoken or played by the physical beings and instruments. They might be different category of physical objects which are invisible, odourless and silent. But they are all some form of physical existence in nature and origin. — Corvus

Then we're back to an earlier objection. The IEP frames it nicely: "A more serious objection to Mind-Brain Type Identity, one that to this day has not been satisfactorily resolved, concerns various non-intensional properties of mental states (on the one hand), and physical states (on the other). After-images, for example, may be green or purple in color, but nobody could reasonably claim that states of the brain are green or purple. And conversely, while brain states may be spatially located with a fair degree of accuracy, it has traditionally been assumed that mental states are non-spatial."
https://iep.utm.edu/identity/

There is no such a thing called pain. You have your biological body which feels the sensation of pain when hit by some hard object. You call it "pain" when no such thing exists in the whole universe. It is just the state of your body cells with neurons which sent some electrical signals into your brain, and from your education and upbringing and customs, habits and cultural influence, you scream "ouch", and utter the sentence "I have pain." or "It is bloody painful." — Corvus

This is incoherent. People scream "ouch" because pain hurts. The salient feature of pain is that it feels bad. Any definition of pain which does not reference the subjective experience of hurting is incomplete. Imagine two old people from thousands of years ago talking about their various aches and pains. They know nothing about what the brain does or is. Are you saying then that their statements about their pains are nonsensical? Obviously, they can converse intelligently on the subject because when people talk of pains, they're almost always referring to the mental state of "being in pain" and not neurons and c-fibers.

No we don't need to talk about it: all you need to concede is that there are some legitimate sins; then God would have to incarnate himself through hypostatic union to absolve those sins. We don't need to agree on specifically what is sinful. — Bob Ross

Wait a minute. If God says masturbation or gay sex or eating the wrong thing is a sin that needs to be absolved, isn't that the end of the discussion right there? Even if I grant that other sins are legitimate and might need absolving, the God of the Bible, by declaring nonsinful actions sinful, is obviously not the entity to do it.

When you open your hard drive, and look into all the parts inside the drive, you will see nothing which even remotely resembles the data you stored in it.  You will see some electronic parts, capacitors, motors, transistors, chips and connectors on the magnetic platter. — Corvus

Your analogy actually undercuts your claim. You’re assuming the data on the hard drive is something different from the hard drive itself, that the 1s and 0s, the meaningful content, are not identical to the spinning platters or silicon circuits. That’s dualism in disguise: form vs. substance, software vs. hardware. But if you believe minds are purely physical, you don’t get that luxury. You can’t say “the data’s just encoded in the structure” and then duck the challenge of showing where, in the brain’s physical matter, the actual mental content exists.

ETA: If an alien asked "what is pain?" would a purely physical description of pain be sufficient to answer that question?

ETA2: If physicalism is right, then a book is just ink on paper; patterns of squiggles. So a person with total physical knowledge of a book (ink chemistry, paper fibers, locations of atoms, etc.) should, in theory, know everything about the book.

But now suppose this person doesn’t speak English. They gain complete physical knowledge of the book, but they don’t know it’s about Sherlock Holmes. Later, they learn English, reread the same book, and realize it’s a detective story.

Did they gain new knowledge? Yes. But there was no change in the book’s physical structure, and no change in their physical knowledge of it. The change was in their understanding.

So again, where did this new knowledge of the book come from? Not from the ink. Not from the paper. Not from new physical facts. The “aboutness,” the meaning, seems to exist in a different category not reducible to physical properties alone.

Yes, I suppose that's a possible response, although I Peter 4 suggests that Christ suffered. — Count Timothy von Icarus

How would Peter know, he wasn't even there?

I was talking about legitimate debt. Are you suggesting that the idea of sin is illegitimate? — Bob Ross

If we're talking about legitimate debt, don't we need to talk about legitimate sin? What, exactly, is a sin? Is masturbation something I need to be forgiven for? Eating shellfish? Homosexuality? Anal sex with my wife? Making a graven image? Suffering a witch to live? Taking the lord's name in vain?

Christ is tortured and executed by men through their free choices. He didn't crucify or scourge himself after all. — Count Timothy von Icarus

How do we know he felt any pain or suffered? He's part of some powerful trinity, right? For all we know, he blocked the pain.

Imagine that you knew someone was in debt to you so much money that they never could pay it back. You could absolve them of the debt with the snap of your fingers, but you would be being unjust: they deserve to pay that back and you deserve that money, but you are forgoing it to allow someone to be in a condition that they do not deserve out of some motive (perhaps love or kindness). In this case, you would be having mercy on them, but at the expense of being just. — Bob Ross

Doesn't it depend on the circumstances behind the debt? If a heroin addict is in debt to his dealer, is not paying off the debt "unjust"? What about being in debt to a person charging you for ransom or blackmail? Do those people deserve to be paid back?

Why are brains conscious but hearts and livers aren't?
— RogueAI
Good point, but a daft question. It is like asking why tables and chairs don't work as phones or computers? They are not designed / made to do those jobs. — Corvus

What is it about the brain then that makes it "work" for consciousness? Both brains and livers have cellular activity. Why is the brain's cellular activity suited for consciousness? Information processing? But then we're at my next question which is,

Why are only some brain processes associated with consciousness?
— RogueAI
This sounds like a question for the biologist and neurologist. — Corvus

And what do biologists and neurologists say about that?

If the mind is identical to the brain, and I'm picturing a purple flower in my mind's eye, wouldn't that entail there's a purple flower in my brain?
— RogueAI
A purple flower and an image or representation of the purple flower is not the same existence. — Corvus

If the mind is physical, then when I picture a purple flower, that experience must be entirely physical. But the mental image/representation of the flower is still purple—subjectively, vividly purple—so something in the brain must literally be purple in the same way, not just represent it or correlate with it. Saying it's just a "representation" sidesteps the issue: if minds are physical, then representations are physical, and physical things have physical properties. But there's no purple anywhere in the brain—just electrochemical activity. So either consciousness isn't just physical, or you need to point to the literal purple in my head. Or you need to say that I'm not REALLY seeing purple in my mind's eye. I'm mistaken in some way.

If minds are physical, then by studying someone's brain, I should be able to gain access to the contents of their mind, right?
— RogueAI
Not all physical objects are replaceable and transparent to our understanding. Many physical objects such as radio waves, atoms, cells and the black holes, space ... etc are not things that we can fully understand what they are. Many of them are also presupposed and imagined objects from the effects or events in the world.

We can read the radio waves on the frequency counter, we still don't know what they are. We know how to generate, transmit and receive the radio waves, but we don't see or hear them direct. We only know the audio data they carry in them, but the actual existence of the waves are unknown.

Likewise, we don't know how our brain works as they do, and brain is not replaceable. Only thing we know is that conscious mind cannot exist without working brain. Hence it is very likely physical state in its nature. There is no such thing as conscious mind as mental existence. — Corvus

I'm not asking whether we currently understand the brain, I’m asking what should be possible if the mind is entirely physical. If thoughts, memories, and mental images are nothing more than brain states, then in principle, a complete physical analysis of your brain should reveal exactly what you're thinking, just like analyzing a hard drive tells us what's stored on it. Saying the brain is mysterious or not fully understood today is just an appeal to ignorance. Complete knowledge of a person's brain should equal complete knowledge of their mind, right?

I am even thinking that mind could be physical in its nature, i.e. mind is not different existence from our bodies. Because mind can only exist when body exists as living agent. Hence body is the precondition of mind, and mind is actually a part of body. — Corvus

Why are brains conscious but hearts and livers aren't? Why are only some brain processes associated with consciousness? If the mind is identical to the brain, and I'm picturing a purple flower in my mind's eye, wouldn't that entail there's a purple flower in my brain? If minds are physical, then by studying someone's brain, I should be able to gain access to the contents of their mind, right?

:up:

America won't turn fascist under Trump. If Trump thought he could pull off something like a Reichstag fire scenario and solidify/expand his power, I have no doubt he would try it, but after trying to steal the 2020 election, he and his lackeys know there are too many people in key positions that won't go along with it, so it's not worth the effort and potential jail time.

But climate change could be an existential threat. I don't know if it is or not, but I can certainly see how its possible we could muck around with the climate and trigger some feedback loop that accelerates warming to something the biosphere can't tolerate. Do you think that that's really farfetched?

I think both sides, in any war, think they are fighting "the good fight". — Pieter R van Wyk

Yes, but is one side objectively right? To use the archetypical example of "the good war", WW2, wouldn't you agree the Nazi's were the "bad guys" and UK was fighting "the good fight"?

Do you think it's possible for a side in a war to be fighting "the good fight"?

Have you read any stoicism? I've always liked two quotes from Epictetus that Tom Wolfe used in a novel:

"Difficulty shows what men are. Therefore when a difficulty falls upon you, remember that God, like a trainer of wrestlers, has matched you with a rough young man. Why? So that you may become an Olympic conqueror; but it is not accomplished without sweat."

And

"What would have become of Hercules do you think if there had been no lion, hydra, stag or boar - and no savage criminals to rid the world of? What would he have done in the absence of such challenges?

Obviously he would have just rolled over in bed and gone back to sleep. So by snoring his life away in luxury and comfort he never would have developed into the mighty Hercules.

And even if he had, what good would it have done him? What would have been the use of those arms, that physique, and that noble soul, without crises or conditions to stir into him action?"

That helps me sometimes when I'm struggling. Also, ChatGPT is sometimes good to talk to.

Life has value, but predation is against that value. Predation involves prioritising the life of the predator over the life of the prey. This is selfish. This is evil. — Truth Seeker

A dragonfly eating a mosquito is evil and selfish? Fuck those guys.

Was the Big Bang a low probability event?

If that machine can experience qualia, why not a future machine of equal or greater complexity? — Jacques

What about a machine of lesser complexity? Could a smartphone be conscious?

We are talking about millions if not billions of people in some cases. What happens if they are forced to move because of the basic necessity of avoiding to die in the heatwaves or general heat in their home nation? — Christoffer

Or they'll demand cheap fossil-fuel based energy to run AC and heaters.

That's true. But, what else can and side we do? — Patterner

Nothing. It's just interesting.

I can't think of a different way that we should act. If it does not continue to behave tomorrow the way it is today, how could we guess in which ways it will be different? which type of disaster should we plan for? Some of which, such as the sudden disappearance of the strong nuclear force, could not possibly be prepared for anyway. So we may as well all act like it's a low probability event. — Patterner

Not only do we act like it's a low probability event, we believe it too. No one is scared the universe will kill us all in the next minute. We believe that's very unlikely, but how do we know?

If it was a high probability event then you wouldn't be here! — Apustimelogist

Not necessarily. It could be the case that the universe becomes chaotic at exactly a point in time that coincides with tomorrow for reasons we're not aware of. That could be a high probability event. The fact that it hasn't happened wouldn't change the probability.

If it makes it easier I can rephrase the question… why does the universe behave in an orderly way ? For example, the motion of the planets around the sun? This of course is due to the law of gravity governing such motions but without calling it a law why should this be the case … why don’t the planets for example just stand still in fixed location in space ? — kindred

That's a good question. Also, why do we believe the universe will continue to behave in an orderly way? How do we know there isn't some principle at work whereby the universe becomes chaotic tomorrow. How do we even go about calculating the odds of such a thing? But we all act like it's a low probability event. Is it really?

That's all right. I was just trying to be funny. Thanks for fixing it, though!

U.S. is the richest country in the world, with a GDP of $27 trillion. Who do you think is going to pass them up and when?

"The American strike on the three nuclear facilities – at Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan – was undoubtedly effective. “Most serious analysts think that the damage of the US strikes was very, very serious, and it’s hard to imagine that Iran still has a credible nuclear weapons programme in place that has somehow eluded intelligence,” said Patrick Wintour.

...

Tehran has seen the regime parade the coffins of the “martyred” military chiefs and nuclear scientists who died in the strikes to state funerals."
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/01/tuesday-briefing-how-weakened-is-iran-after-operation-midnight-hammer-and-where-might-it-go-from-here

Who wouldn't want to work on Iran's nuclear program? You get to be a martyr and a free state funeral.

RougeAI — Kizzy

Who da fuck is that? :lol:

Ok might be hyperbolic but it’s making it much harder to raise lawsuits against executive orders. A dissenting opinion said:

Today’s ruling allows the Executive to deny people rights that the Founders plainly wrote into our Constitution, so long as those individuals have not found a lawyer or asked a court in a particular manner to have their rights protected,” Jackson’s dissent states. “This perverse burden shifting cannot coexist with the rule of law. In essence, the Court has now shoved lower court judges out of the way in cases where executive action is challenged, and has gifted the Executive with the prerogative of sometimes disregarding the law.”

Jackson added ominously, the ruling was an “existential threat to the rule of law”.

And that’s from one of the dissenting judges, not a columnist. — Wayfarer

Re: the bolded, hasn't that always been the case, though? Someone has to sue if they think their rights are being violated.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2025/jun/22/one-million-and-counting-russian-casualties-hit-milestone-in-ukraine-war

Deaths are estimated to be over 200,000, which is like ten Afghanistans (or three Vietnams). Russia is going to be dealing with hundreds of thousands of badly wounded men for decades, and that's excluding all the mental issues. I wonder when the Russian people are going to get tired of all this.

Think about it, just for a while.

Assume your country would be striken with missiles for 12 days. Over two hundred civilians would have been killed. Then the attackers would want to bribe you with third party investment.

How eager would you to start negotiations with your attackers? How much would you trust them? — ssu

I was responding to your point that Trump doesn't have a plan. He does. It might be unrealistic, but the plan is to offer Iran goodies to drop their nuclear ambitions.

Would Iran trust us? Doubtful, but there is precedent for the U.S. bribing Iran to drop it's enrichment. Obama did it. What is Iran's alternative, though? They just got punished severely. They got no support from the (civilized) world and even their neighbors turned on them. Top Iranian officials now know Israel can and will take them out. Why not take the bribe the Trump Admin is offering? Isn't enrichment just not worth it at this point?

Obama at least had a plan. Trump doesn't have any plan just to wobble into the next crisis that is going to erupt and try to take center stage. — ssu

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/trump-administration-exploring-30-billion-civilian-nuclear-deal-iran-rcna215679

I think the Trump admin would be thrilled if Iran could be bribed into giving up their nuclear ambitions.

We live in a world of mentation and the physical is simply how consciousness appears when viewed from a certain perspective. (Kastrup) — Tom Storm

Kastrup wants to have it both ways. He says the physical world is just how consciousness looks 'from the outside'—but if everything is mind, then this supposed 'outside view' is just another mental experience. If idealism is true, then what we call the physical world isn’t really 'physical' at all—it's just how the cosmic mind dreams things up. That’s not a perspective shift—it’s a full-blown collapse of physical reality into narrative illusion.

Regarding the OP, simulation theory only makes sense if you think your conscious experiences can be reduced to a bunch of electric switches turning off and on in a certain way. To me, that sounds implausible.

Welcome to the forum. Philosophy is not really equipped to solve the problems you’ve identified. — T Clark

But things have gotten much better for a lot of people in the last thousand years. Hasn't philosophy played a large part in that?

Yet notice the crucial difference to the Middle East. Germans don't give a fuck that Alsace-Lorraine belongs to France now. And both French and Germans of today would be surprised just how some place like Alsace-Lorraine stirred up fervent jingoism in both countries in the past. — ssu

Yes, that is the crucial difference. So why does that difference exist? Is it religious fundamentalism and the rise of European secularism?

In truth, it isn't. If we mean by nations rising that they become prosperous. — ssu

I was talking more along the lines of the physical land that makes up the new nation. That had to come from someone else.

Yes, at the heart of it all is plain old fashioned antisemitism.

Yes, I get it. What I can't handle is someone (@BitconnectCarlos) suggesting that Israel has been nothing but a victim in all this. That's not true. — frank

Yeah, that's certainly not true. The rise of nations is a zero-sum bloody game. Israel can't come into existence without taking the land from someone else. There's nothing more commonplace in history than borders being redrawn after great wars. How many times has Alsace-Lorraine changed hands in the last 1,000 years? Ah, but when the Jews do it...well, we can't have that.