Comments

  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    This?
    Yes, it is a metaethical claim, not an ethical one.hypericin
    where "It" is
    The virtue of this account is that it fully explains our moral notions, without need of some ontological category.hypericin
    the account claiming
    On this account, our moral beliefs and intuitions are an expression of this cooperative system. To ask, "but what if they are *wrong*?", independently of the system, is to reintroduce moral realism, which this account leaves no room for.hypericin
    and the story of the monkey.

    the point that both @Michael and I have made is that the account is an example of the naturalistic fallacy, as shown by the open question argument. I used the line that it's not a winning move because it's not even in the game.

    But it seems you didn't notice this critique for what it is. I put that down to your probably not being familiar with the background.

    So here it is again, in small words: that we do cooperate does not imply that we ought cooperate.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Do you just fling insults when you've got nothing better to say?hypericin

    No - I also fling insults when I have something to say.

    why don't you tell me what was wrong with my previous post?hypericin
    Which previous post? There are so many.

    So for you subjectivism is coherent but wrong.

    For others it is incoherent because in being a response to moral issues it pretends to tell us what we ought to do, and yet it only tells us what most people do.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    I've no strong opinion. Or at least not one I care to express here, where it will go on my file.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    In any case, meta-ethics has an effect on ethics. In fact we often argue about ethics via meta-ethics nowadays.Leontiskos

    The distinction is only problematic when someone takes it to be hard-and-fast.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    All moral truths are true.
    — Banno

    You've already hit rock bottom buddy.
    hypericin

    I love this. A case in point for my ever-lowering expectations.

    Can you give us an example of a moral truth that is not a truth?
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    We want to know if moral truths are expressions of individual attitudes, or if they describe conventions of social behaviour, or if they report on facts about the world that obtain even if everyone were to believe otherwise.Michael
    How odd. These are not mutually exclusive.

    We want to know whether or not moral truths are reducible to natural phenomena.Michael

    The discussion of the open question and direction of fit shows that they are not natural phenomena.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    I find myself constantly lowering my expectation of what you understand of philosophy.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    :wink: Kierkegaard would disagree.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    , : You are obsessed with "isms".

    I think I might have already mentioned once or twice that my interest here was no more than to show that there are moral truths.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    The virtue of this account is that it fully explains our moral notions, without need of some separate ontological category. Introducing it anyway is simply gratuitous.hypericin

    And it's poverty is that it fails completely to tell us what we ought to do.

    It's not even in the game, let alone a winning move.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    So even if I were to disagree with Banno on this, he would not be begging the question or committing any logical faux pas. Reductio's can act on systems, including moral systems.Leontiskos

    I suspected this would finally provide a divergence in our opinions...
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    We've gotten nowhere.Michael
    Of course. Are you expecting mere philosophical considerations will decide what you ought to do? They might help you phrase the issues, but they will no more solve all your moral quandaries than they will tell you the value of the gravitational constant.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Ah, I see already mentioned the Open Question.

    Despite Banno's comments there is more to the issue than simply whether or not some moral sentences are true. There are further considerations to be had.Michael
    Banno's point is that the common element in moral realism is that there are true moral statements. It turns out to be important that the SEP article on moral realism stops there, noting that "...some accounts of moral realism see it as involving additional commitments", while the SEP article on Moral Antirealism - the one you repeatedly refer to - needs these "additional commitments' in order to implement a critique of "moral realism".

    Could it be that without these "additional commitments" moral realism stands firm? I think so.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Unacceptable to who? You and I might disagree over whether or not abortion, eating meat, and the death penalty are unacceptable.Michael

    So what.

    Agreement is not a criteria here. The open question argument shows that.

    I am not following whatever it is you are doing.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    This to me is a good example of an anti-realist account. Morality is a conventionalized system devised to punishes uncooperative behavior and reinforce cooperative behavior. If moral claims are to be considered "true", they are only true in terms of this system.hypericin

    This shows, yet again, that what you are calling "antirealism" is not what the rest of us are calling antirealism. Nothing in the story here is incompatible with realism. We may well have "conventionalized system devised to punishes uncooperative behavior and reinforce cooperative behavior", and yet it is still open to us to ask if such a system is indeed moral.

    This is from Moore, it's called the Open Question Argument, and it leads to one of the central discussions of Ethics, the Naturalistic Fallacy.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism

    Simply on the grounds of logic. If the consequence of an argument is unacceptable, it is open to us to reject the argument. That's how reductio works.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    It's a complex issue. It cannot simply be addressed with aphorisms.Michael

    Nor by algorithms. Again, if a moral theory were to advocate some horror, it is open for us to reject that moral theory on that basis. So, to take on a biblical example, the Binding of Isaac can be seen as child abuse, sufficient to rule out Abraham as a moral authority. (, hence "faith", especially in some authority, is morally questionable.)
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    BannoAmadeusD

    Where?

    I do recall objecting to the word "brute" and suggesting "hinge" for some statements. I think "Brute" was introduced by @Michael; I might be wrong. For my part, I don't see that "one ought not kick puppies for fun" needs any justification. The problem with "brute" is that it carries some empiricist baggage.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    that’s pretty convolute.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Something seems wrong here.hypericin

    For sure :wink:
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    All very good questions. Have you any answers?

    Does this provide some clear account of objective and subjective?

    Is it any different for statements without "ought"?
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    All moral truths are true. Are you trying to ask if there are moral truths that are not believed? Sure.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Which is the case for moral truths?Michael

    There's no single case here. Moral statements are many and varied.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Are moral truths like (1) or like (2)?Michael
    Depends on the statement in question. "One ought keep one's promises" is a bit like (2) in that it depends on convention. "One ought not kick puppies for fun" is in some ways not like (1) because the fit is reversed.

    Any follow through? Moral statements are many and various.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    The main disagreement seems to be precisely on its objectivity.Michael
    I'm not surprised. The term is a pest.

    The main motivation against moral realism, especially around here, is the naturalism that takes scientific fact as the only sort of truth worthy of the title. The notion has a strong place in pop science culture, and comes to us mainly from the logical empiricists, Ayer and Carnap and so on. They denigrate moral language as not based on scientific reality, and by extension seek to mark ethical statements as not truth-apt; as being mere opinion or taste or some such, and hence (somewhat inconsistently) as being neither true nor false.Banno
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    I can hold a moral value without holding that it is true in the same way I can have a taste preference without holding that the preference is true.hypericin

    How is one to make sense of this? You have a preference for Vegemite but don't think "hypericin prefers Vegemite" is true? You think folk ought keep their promises, but don't think "folk ought keep their promises" true? It's incoherent.

    Think I've made that point once or twice before.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    :grin:

    There's an article on moral realism in SEP as well, the one from which my quote came. It doe snot use "objective" in the definition, but notes
    ...although some accounts of moral realism see it as involving additional commitments, say to the independence of the moral facts from human thought and practice, or to those facts being objective in some specified way

    I've said before I don't really care what you call it. the interesting bit is that moral statements have a truth value.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    4. Some moral propositions are objectively true (moral realism)Michael

    My objection would be that "objectively" does nothing here. Hence moral realism is that there are true moral statements.

  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    An excellent post. These are the considerations that lead to virtue ethics, to woking on oneself rather than grand moral schemes.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    "It is true that I hold this value" is not a moral statement. It is a statement about my personal values.hypericin

    Yes, I notices you moving the goalposts. It doesn't help you, unless you can show how you hold a value without holding that value to be true, in which case we are entitled to conclude that you think values truth apt.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Moral realists are those who think that, in these respects, things should be taken at face value—moral claims do purport to report facts and are true if they get the facts right. Moreover, they hold, at least some moral claims actually are true. That much is the common and more or less defining ground of moral realismSEP Moral Realism
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Who thinks this is realism?hypericin

    What is it you think moral realism amounts to, if not that there are moral statements that are true or false?
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    It would be taste realism. Taste anti-realists would say that "hypericin likes ice cream" is not truth-apt.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    If it could be proved that I ought eat babies I still wouldn't.Michael

    One would treat this as a reductio, that shows the supposed argument to have gone astray. That one ought not eat babies takes precedence over the argument.

    Davidson offered an account that tried to account for weakness of the will in an otherwise rational mind, with I think some success. Have you read ‘How is Weakness of the Will Possible?’
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Moral non-realists hold the same moral valueshypericin
    Hold them how? For they cannot hold them to be true!

    One is only obligated to the trivial claim that "That I hold this value/taste/preference is true".hypericin
    ...and that is realism.
  • Reading Gilbert Ryle's "Dilemmas"
    Ryle’s next move seems a bit strange. “If a city-engineer has constructed a roundabout where there had been dangerous cross-roads, he may properly claim to have reduced the number of accidents. He may say that lots of accidents that would otherwise have occurred have been prevented by his piece of road improvement. But suppose we now ask him to give us a list of the particular accidents which he has averted. He can do nothing but laugh at us.” (p. 24/25) How does this relate to fatalism? His conclusion is “Averted fatalities are not fatalities. In short, we cannot, in logic, say of any designated fatality that it was averted-and this sounds like saying that it is logically impossible to avert any fatalities.” (p.25)Ludwig V

    I rather like this. It raises more than one issue. Ryle was writing before possible world semantics gave us a way to formalise and so clarify such issues. But the point seems to remain.

    So we can stipulate a possible world in which the crossroads were not replaced, and yet that does not help us in listing which fatalities were avoided. We can even stipulate a world in which the crossroads were not replaced, and yet the number of accidents was reduced.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    further proclamations without support don't helpAmadeusD
    On this we agree.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    Thanks for taking the time.Tom Storm
    :wink:

    I asked this question myself several years ago.Michael
    I don't think I posted to that thread. It seemed to me to be asking why we ought to do what we ought to do.

    If Banno's view is realism, it is an extremely thin, watered down realism where "truth" is nothing more than how we use the word, regardless of what "truth" actually means.Apustimelogist
    The meaning of a word is its use in an utterance.

    You might learn something from my thread on the logic of truth. There's another on the relation between belief and truth, which you might find useful. I've also set out some more general comments about Realism.

    Can any realist name any nonmoral proposition, that is neither logically derivable nor in principle empirically verifiable, that you nonetheless are certain is true?hypericin
    Bishops move diagonally. Sydney is in Australia. You stop on the red light. Any fact determined by convention.

    But his persistence in pretending his proclamations amount to 'truth-making statements' is absurd,AmadeusD
    I don't think you have understood the phrase "truth-maker". Nor is it a phrase I would use.

    I wonder if Banno is actually a secret theist.AmadeusD
    Oh, yes. I'm well-known hereabouts for my defence of theism.

    The cool thing about the position i hold is, is that nothing you or Leontiskos have asserted has any affect on the premise that 'There are no objective moral standards'.AmadeusD
    That's more about your inability to understand an unexpected point of view than about ethics.

    One can hold values, tastes, preferences, without being obligated that any of these is "true" in an objective sensehypericin
    So you think you can have a preference for foolishness without it being true that "hypericin has a preference for foolishness". Very clever.

    So to be clear, the Nazis were also enacting moral truths?hypericin
    What do you think? You are responsible for your beliefs.
  • A Case for Moral Anti-realism
    How are moral facts discovered?bert1

    I don't think they are.

    This seems to me to be a result of direction of fit. When we discover a new thing we investigate it, and then we talk about it, making words that fit the thing discovered. The direction of fit here is from word to world, we change what we say to match what we find.

    But for moral truths the direction of fit is reversed.We would change the world to match how it ought to be. We don't discover moral truths so much as enact them.

    Also, of they contradict ones own values, how does one choose what to do?bert1
    I doubt that there could be a general answer to this question, any more than there might be a general answer for when, say, a scientific investigation does not match the expected result. Is it a fault of the experiment? A mistake in the calculations? Is there something not understood in the theory? Or does the theory need major modification? Finding the answer is not easy.