Shit, to be frank... we - in the States, that is - have the very best government and justice system that private money can buy. — creativesoul

This happens in Europe too... The richest always win. I guess it is a principle inside the occidental world. Nevertheless, I think the US system does work you literally have the best universities of the world that provides a lot of well paid workers in the future.
Check out this sad fact: unemployment rate of young Spanish people is 44 % (oh God it is a lot) while we still paying taxes to maintain the public services. Which the unemployment rate in the US? I guess so low because you are the strongest capitalist economy in the world.
Then, I guess as you said, it is all about how cleverly the government uses the revenue to invest in people (university, education system, well paid work in public administration, etc...) rather than just make debts and asking for loans.

Well, having a socialist Prime Minister in a Catholic kingdom is not a good strategy for achieving success. — Gus Lamarch

Complexity. Like all my governors do. Well the governor of Madrid is conservative but I did not see a huge difference. Since COVID crisis started the last year is upon us a big pessimism of what the future holds. Many people lost their jobs and are in bankruptcy. I guess the European bonus pack are not the solution either if the politicians do not know how to use it properly. I guess we have to be more patient if we want to see more changes.
But it’s not all about economy. The country is divided again and this hurts when you have a family that literally experienced a civil war and it’s consequences except me. I wish I never met a civil war in my region. I think it is impossible but could be when there are lot of people getting divided about monarchy/republic or leftist/conservatives etc... I wish my compatriots do not want to die for politicians or whatever.

On the other hand, Nordic countries have high taxes and their HDIs are in Top 10 or so. — litewave

Yes because these countries fortunately have good governments that invest the revenue they get in good public goods. But it is not work in all countries. Sadly, it looks like that this social welfare system only work in Nordic countries.

Prices in the U.S. were cheaper on January 1, 1900 then they were on January 1, 1800. — synthesis

This is a good example Philosophy of Economics. It is just amazing how we give more value/credit to the currency depending the times. It is so abstract when Wall Street or Madrid Stock Change determines the value of a coin. It reminds me about 1929 crack and money hadn’t any value. But well it did not end bad when American Dollar is the strongest currency in the world despite some consequences.
Probably the deflation in January 1, 1900 occurred because civil war in the United United in the last years of XIXth century. (It is just my guess I am not a specialist in Economics).

How do you understand happiness? — Athena

What a complex question. I think happiness is just moments we live along our lives. I going to sound pretty pessimistic but life in general is full of sadness. Even when you are getting older. So I guess this is why we are so obsessed to pursue happiness because it is so ephemeral

Capital gains tax is terrible and disincentivizes investing — BitconnectCarlos

There also a lot of people who defends this. Taxes are not so profitable so the public is wasteful. Paying a lot of taxes do not contribute to motivation in investing so they just travel to another country with low capital/income taxes.

All that I can say is that to oppose taxes seems to be irrational. What happens to all the tax revenue a government accumulates? It goes into essentials such as infrastructure development, maintenance, revamping, paying government employees, financing activities of national importance and so on. — TheMadFool

Yes. Agree. This is supposed to be right? Public expenditure is profitable. But... why US and Spain (both taxation countries) are lower in the HDI index than a secret bank/tax haven country like Switzerland? It is so much interesting. Because sometimes it looks like the revenue that the government gets are not well distributed. Imagine having TRILLIONS of dollars and being in the 17th position... there is something that the government makes wrong.
But yes it is really complex because US has a lot of citizens. So this makes it harder (you have more population than Spain and Switzerland together) I guess in terms of administration.

there is a wealth tax — T Clark

As you perfectly say. The problem is how bad taxes are distributed in countries. Probably Switzerland has taxes but not as much as Spain (promise) and look the different wealth ratio. It is just impressive and I am here thinking paying taxes is for nothing but it looks like the State is guilty at all.

Taxes are necessary for government and society to function... in the States anyway. Best thought of as user fees. — creativesoul

Of course it is. We have to share the wealth to make a more developed country. But here we have another dilemma of how much should be the public expenditure. I am not trying saying here that if you are poor you do not deserve participate in society and it’s public service but it amazes me how Switzerland as a tax haven has that quality of life. Because sometimes having rich people does not mean equality but this country does. So probably as @T Clark said previously the key here is being more clever in the use of taxes.

Yes. I know about Spinoza because I read some of him some years ago when I was interested in enlightenment. As you said yes I do not agree either of how he divided the art of learning in schools. I even consider Spinoza as one of the worst thinkers ever of how he decided to destroy the concept of Roman/Greek learnings.
I guess you are from the United States because of the examples you are putting on the table. I am from Europe and somehow I am jealous of your education system. When education fails there is nothing to do in th State. But I guess your educational system works when the universities are the best worldwide and generally the incomes/development are good. Despite probably we forget about the basics back in ancient times. So it is a great dilemma of what is the right path inside education... Spinoza stupid division of branches or Roman/Greek education which wants the perfect goal: happiness

Interesting fact here: Russia (I guess they still doing this) teaches in their schools how to play chess. What a beautiful way of improve the knowledge of the students. Probably this is the main reason why they have discovered a vaccine for Covid sputnik. Nevertheless U.S. Also discovered vaccines for Covid.
Another interesting point of view that me, as a citizen from a neutral/nobody cares country like Spain, remembers as the 1960's fights between US and Soviet Unión of who can have the best educational system despite they are far from Greek/Roman ones.

, I am saying: «If God exists, then God might have this and that attribute». — Amalac

Ok. Understandable. You put existence as the epitome of all attributes. Existence could be the most perfection or attribute you can put on somebody (God). But how can we know he exists?
Then, if he exists and we discover it which attributes we put on them? I guess previously someone had to taught the existence of God himself (empiricism again).
Here we have a base of beliefs and believing in something abstract like God. I guess again when you believe in something "higher" or "greatest" you want to put on it all the best attributes possible because we see it as it could be our purest form

I get your point. I am an atheist too. But I guess you go to scientific to put arguments why God literally does not exist. Yes, as you said, science is always a good statement/proof against secularism. You put a good example, the evolution theory.
Nevertheless, there are plenty of things in our life that don't need depend on the science but it is also important in belief: law, ethics, democracy, moral, etc... These are abstract and complex concepts and I do not think they depend on "God" or something higher in Cosmos.
For example: respect each other in society is a good example of coliving. If I hurt, robb, or even kill you I get punished by a court (the justice representation in the order) but me as a atheist I will not say "God will punish you" because I do not believe it.

This also depends of free will. Are we truly free to take our own decisions in the Cosmos? Is something observing us out there?
Yes every human it himself and it's consequences. There is not true predetermined context. Also, I do not believe in abstract term as "Haven" and "hell". Those are even metaphors. Probably you can even think your life is a "hell" when you do not know what a hell is.

we proceed toward the belief the hypothesis provides some sort of truth. — Metaphysician Undercover

So I guess you want to explain that we can only have the belief hypothesis when some methods and objectives are actually true. Yes. It depends a lot the feith in something that previously has to be true because it is quite difficult believing in something false.
So the premise can change here a little bit. First something (we call it "x") is true is our perspective. Secondly, we believe in the truest of x. Then, we believe in the capacity of make x understandable, studied, developed, compared, etc...

Exactly. There is a correspondence between the quality of belief and the quality of the presentation (enactment) of the belief. That would be the fundamental (or to use Collingwood's term, absolute) presupposition. — Pantagruel

True! You have described it even better than my statement: the importance of quality in the belief.
I guess in this point it will depend a lot of person themselves. Each one will qualify the belief as they consider appropriately. So this could be clearly subjective. For example: we all know that clearly climate change is a big problem. How much of the population will really consider it? Well I guess the one who gives quality to this belief.

Everyone (except a few) believe in climate change.
Someone believes in the quality of this belief and then wants to make a difference.

But here again we end up in the starting point as I said previously: happiness.

Yes, people don't 'believe' they want to be happy, they just do. — Pantagruel

This is a more specialized use of "believe", to say "believe in". It is better represented as having faith in a particular power, or capacity, to overcome obstacles. To simply "believe" is to have faith in one's power of memory, but to "believe in" is to have faith in some capacity to act. — Metaphysician Undercover

It is so interesting how you classified these complex concepts in two groups. I never thought the act of "believe" can lead us into another conception: "believe in" as you said. I guess this is just an a example of the classic question of "which one went first the egg or the gen?"
Having faith in something we can do comes when we are ready to pursue it. So I think firstly comes the act of "believe" in general terms and then "believe in..." specific terms.
So, probably, the epitome could be: being a believer in beliefs than can bring the power of act inside the world/society I live in.

It is easier to hypothesize something as a belief than actually to believe it. — Pantagruel

This statement could be painful but it is the most who is closest to reality. As you said to us one of the powers that can be in us the humans is believe in

something

. This point makes and proves why we are so different from animals or other creatures inside the savage world. The fact that abstract concepts created in our vocabulary as "metaphysics" or "beliefs" shows why we always want to improve our lives the better we want... Probably to reach the best goal everyone aspire = happiness (I just say this because it remembered me so fast when you quoted Aristotle).

What is a belief, other than a memory? Nothing. And to believe is to have confidence in what is believed, i.e. the memory — Metaphysician Undercover

Empiricism? Yes I guess something complex as "belief" has to been taught in us previously. Imagine if it could actually exist people who do not understand this pattern because they never been taught to. Somehow there are people which just live an ordinary life without the pursuit of "bieleve" in something better o understand what is the real meaning of "beliefs".
But in this point I don't refer to religious/atheists persons. I refer to all of those who have the power of believe in something: the next vaccine or reduce the Carbon emissions (for example). Because believe in something like religion or atheism are even more complex that just believe in tangled things.

We cannot take off the credit from the Germanic countries. They were the most civilized countries in the world between the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. — Gus Lamarch

Agree with this point. They were been always there. Even they have created one of the basic principles that every nation wants to get: the so called welfare state (another Dante we can talk about is what we consider as a “welfare state”) that clearly leads a more developed country.
For example: Sweden investment in science and education is around 2.25 of its GDP. Spain investment is just 1.1... I have to admit it, my politicians destroy Spain the most they can. It is a shame.

But I guess we are not unique in the EU. Check out for example European historic countries like Poland and Hungry... everything is wrong and there are many differences. But I want to say here is that despite the social/economical problems we still “Europeans” doesn’t matter what the north European could say.

Can't there be another point of view? — schopenhauer1

I wish it could be another point of view but in this era no... Remember that this world literally gave up on social basics as you said: ethics, equality, moral, etc... pursuing one goal: make the most ton of money you can doesn’t matter the rest.
You said we can think about it and change it through rationalism/ improving our criteria. Nevertheless, this depends a lot where you come from. Imagine you were born in El Salvador or Eritrea. What chances do you have to change the circumstances? I guess zero. Because your environment makes it really hard (violence, drugs, injustices, etc...) so... the first and second packages are from rich countries.
If it can be another point of view we have to the travel the “developed countries” and see what happens... but they are wasting money in social networks and fancy cars.

Yes. Just the 2011 connection.

https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/min-aung-hlaing-appointed-vice-senior-general.html

This one comes from 2020 and the official Chinese ministry affairs. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/zxxx/t1734347.shtml

Myanmar is another country who is giving their best to have democracy and defends their Indian/Thai culture and roots. But sorry... China is so close from them. They need another communist/socialist puppet to keep the control along Asia.
Min Aung Hlaing, the dictator who is making the country a chaos, had back in 2011 a cooperative relationship with China and Xi Jinping. So probably, what is happening here is China rejecting another Asian country joining in the social welfare/occidental/capitalism/development club (like South Korea did and now is a powerful country with healthy economy)

So... who has the balls to say to China: hey please leave all the Asians countries next to you alone.

The noble classist spirit of Europe should again be revived with pride! Not repudiated as a sin that they have committed! — Gus Lamarch

I wish we can do it! At least keeping the noble culture alive and spreading through all the countries. The only real time where Europe was at it’s peak was with the Roma Empire. Same language, currency, and law. True, it was perfect at all due to slavery, constant wars etc... Nevertheless if people read the context of time they would appreciate how different the Latin/Greek culture and empire were towards the “barbarians”. Impressive that Romans called them “barbarians” because they do not have culture at all and they made decisions with the use of violence.
Nowadays those barbarians are the rulers of EU... what happened? I do not even know. A lot of facts I guess. Are they guilty? I think not they are just using the advantages. Could it be different? I guess it doesn’t disappear at all the Latin/Greek culture but sadly this is not “worthy” in the bank system of today.

Sure. Sophist were one of those communities which focused more in the State and its democracy rather than individualism. But I guess they did not get involved enough into politics in general. Consider that back then slavery was legal but Epicurus was against the establishment, etc...
It is interesting the way you described it: Education for technology. Well this situation is due to Spinoza's enlightenment. He decided to divide the knowledge into two different branches: Science/humanists. We keep exactly the same perception of education. Can we change it? I guess No, like you said there are a lot of bureaucracy jobs out there which sustain the State.

I am not sure if that is one of the mandates of Philosophy: to create a better world. There is a trend that subscribes to that, but I don't think philosophers do. The closest philosophers come to this, is moral philosophy, but that in and by itself tells you only (if at all successfully) how to behave morally, and not how to reduce carbon dioxide or how to reduce the accelerating population explosion.

@god must be atheist

Completely agree with you, Sir. What a solid statement. It remembered me when politicians of Athens asked to the Sophist why they do not have the rule of governance and then answered "we are not here to solve the problems. We debate and theorise about these. Without them we cannot develop philosophy itself"
Nevertheless there are people who criticise Sophists. lol

I think this debate is not all about contradiction between existing/non existing God as a perfection. I guess this is an argument that can be put inside the "infinite" realities.
Firstly, it is interesting the quote you used about Leibniz saying perfection is

The magnitude of positive reality, taken precisely, beyond the limits or boundaries in the things that have them. And where there are no limits, that is, in God, perfection is absolutely infinite.

It is very complex this one. Because he is speaking about positive realism. So I guess he wants to put a divisional line between tangible and non tangible realities. Let me put another example of this. Descartes said perfection is that realism which even dreaming does not drive to failure. It is pretty similar as yours but one important point here: Awareness.
It will depend a lot of how is interpreted perfection and "God" in our awareness. This is the main reason that probably you used empiricism like David Hume but I will go for John Locke.
First, we have to understand what is abstract concepts as "perfection" "limits" and "God" What if you never heard of these? Well welcome to extreme empiricism. It is just impossible to give characteristics to something or someone that we do not even know yet. So I think this perspective wants to be as much as "limitless" in terms of skills and then we can say that those characteristics always existed but it was our fault not knowing it.

This also answers the objection that not-existing might be better than existing, and that therefore non existence might be a perfection

This one is so awesome. If you want to develop this existentialism debate I recommend you a serie: "Social Experiment Lain". It is free around internet. Explain the perfection of non-existence pretty well and I think is one the most interesting doubts about human existentialism.

This topic is so interesting and appreciated it because empiricism is one of my favourite philosophy disciplines. As you explained is quite complex why our awareness can be presented or not in our dreams while the reality give us a lot of doubts. Specified terms as "true" and "false" depend of how we learn about the society and our life experience. This point is so much important because opens a debate between empiricists and rationalists.
Descartes once said Reality is when even dreaming you are not wrong. For example, geometry. If you are dreaming about a cube when it is literally the same shape in reality, then that's realism
Ok this can be a good example, our awareness do not give us failure while dreaming but as John Locke so cleverly said... Who taught us this concept called "cube"? If we never been taught what it is a cube we will not name it in our dreams as a "cube" despite we are dreaming exactly the same.
So, in this point I guess experience and empiricism is really important in terms of speaking about your topic. I understand science is giving a lot of effort to explain this futhermore than just philosophy.

What will happen? Science could provide us if awareness is innate or empirical. Nevertheless, this debate will still there because is one of the most important aspects inside philosophy.

You are Mediterranean. Also your ancestors are. That's the truest nature of an Italian. Coming from the Mediterranean sea that means: Culture, politics, different concept of State, philosophy quite different from the north-Europeans, another concept of living and use of resources (agronomy or another concept of materials) and the best important thing of all: Roman law.
Yes you are right. Probably an Italian from the north is not the same from another one from the south. But you are come from the same roots. I guess that negative concept of Naples is due to how Austria was in the north of Italy. These kind of countries have the bad custom of classifying everything and everybody in ethnics, cultures, races, etc... So this is the reason why they inculcated that thought of Naples or southern Italy.

Today's Europe forgets that the West was founded thanks to the base of the romance countries, who are descendants of the Roman Empire, which was also sustained and developed at the expense of ancient Greece.

While this kind of irrationality takes place in Europe, we Americans forget that we owe everything and more to Europe itself, and so on.

@Gus Lamarch

Finally I meet someone who understands Europe as its truest spirit. Thank you so much.
Me, as a Spaniard, I do not how to express how thankful I am to Roman and Greek culture. They completely sharped my country. We never had to forget Spain was a very important Empire with those cultures. It is just my humble opinion but I think Mediterranean empires and culture was the basic starting point to all the Occidental countries (government, sociality, economy, State, law, philosophy, etc...)
Nevertheless, sadly, we live in a paradigma where the people do not give a damn about culture and roots. Most of Americans or Asians (no them all but the most) when they hear Europe they quickly think just UK, France, Holland and Germany (provably some Nordic too though). As I named previously the "north European". Yes, they have a better economy, industry and salaries than mine. But... These do not make them more european. A Greek (Mediterranean) is European as much as a German, French, Hungarian, Croatian... It is crazy how European continent has a lot of cultures but they only put economics first.

I would say Karl Marx could be a economist/politician philosopher. Like Plato wrote more or less about is one back in the day in his “Republic”
Apart from communism I guess he was important because He pretended establish a new social system starting from the beginning: social class, equality, justice, and a critical to the capitalism of his era.
Nevertheless is quite complex how to classify Marx and Engels because he studied a State using diferent philosophy principles.

this plays into stereotypes Dutch people (and Swedish, Austrian and Danish) have of southern european countries like Spain, Italy and Greece. You're lazy, and we're hard working. — Benkei

I get your point but...

As I said previously Greece and Spain are the countries with more hours of working along EU. We are not guilty our corrupt system give to us low incomes and bankruptcy.
If you say it works for those countries have zero respect for Mediterranean countries because it work for the nationalists... it disappoints me a lot. Aren’t you supposed to have a better education system tan us? Aren’t you supposed to be more “open minded” or modern?
I do not how it works tourism in Greece (I guess similar as here) but is full of “perfect north European countries”. So I do not know if you are truly happy of being in “hard working” country when it looks like you need so much to come here in summer time (you even buy properties). Probably I am from a lowest country economy but I do not have that “anxiety” to abandon it.

Again I respect your point of view and I guess you are not of these kind of people but if you say that easy argument of “they are taking our money in south while we are working in north” is so convincing in your population it disappoints a lot coming from countries with better universities, welfare State, modernism, open minded.

To my knowledge, the Spanish flu was less contagious, but don't quote me on that, not sure. — Paul S

A Spanish here. Fun and interesting fact: it was the called the Spanish flu due to the neutrality of Spain in WWI. It was the only European country speaking about it in press without censure. Some people say it was so contagious that probably died around 20 - 40 million of humans. But as you said it was so difficult to record it back in 1918.

It is indivisible because elementary particles are indivisible.
- It is a monistic theory. — SolarWind

Well I like your theory and I do not think it is crazy. It is so interesting. It reminds me the Greek philosophers called “atomistcs”. Leucippus was the author and developer of such theory. He shared the same theory you defend about consciousness that it is completely indivisible.
But let me ask you something. Is consciousness static or is in movement?

Pyramid: The metaphoric representation of the pillars inside the State. Also as we know today as pyramid class where it can be shown all of us in different levels. Nevertheless, it is supposed that the masonry doesn't have to be there but are the "engineers" or "architects" of the new system established in the new world. For this reason the emblem says Novus ordo seclorum

Eye: It is a religious representation. It is called the Eye of Providence and it means the "eye which can see everything and everyone all the time" I guess it is quite related to God and its omnipresent power. Important fact to say here that this exactly eye can be seen in another masonry representation about clocks/time or just a simply triangle.

For example. In this image you can see the Eye is upon all the society pillars, world, law, ethics, etc... And a brief representation of quite the principles of all the States.
[img]http://

But I am not sure how ECT would address nihilism.

@Jack Cummins

I think ECT will not make an impact to a patient who is experiencing nihilism. I guess this happens due to nihilism is just a way of thinking not a mental illness. Therefore, as you commented, I am also opposed to this technique. It is old and I guess it not provides good results in the most of cases.
Yes these are the main reasons why we are agree that depression has to be taken care of immediately. Nevertheless, it is a complex situation where professional do not know how to act properly so they decide just to give antidepressants and see what happens. Let's remember here that this one of the biggest problems of modern societies. They tend to take a lot of antidepressants. I do not know what to say here because I am not a specialist but I guess it is not a good recommendation take chemical drugs so quickly despite the context of where we at. For example, as you said, elderly people or those with critical situation whom not have another path to find a solution.

Interesting point of view. But remember that masonry never wanted get involved into politics. They just stayed there. I cannot prove what was the real role of masons in the decadence of Roman Empire because sadly we do not have enough facts to speak about it. I am just trying to put evidence about their existence not how important they could be.
Also, this strange topic is so free interpreted. So my guess is masonry back then was important but they just wanted to survive despite the circumstances of society. Probably they did not do nothing to help the empire because they already knew it wasn't profitable at all.

Yes. Completely agree with you. It is impossible know what the future holds. Sometimes it can be even scaring. At least we already established that nihilism and depression are quite different experiences of living. For this reason I do believe nihilism can back or go many times during lifetime because is another philosophic way of living.
Nevertheless, depression is a hard pathology that has to be treated as quickly as possible. Because I guess it is even worse feeling sad rather than "not having a life purpose yet" how nihilism predict.

Existentialism is on of the other feelings I remember experiencing it but not as hard as nihilism. I am agree in the point that the concept of nihilism can be used in different perspectives. Nevertheless I never had it in a religious perception because I always been atheist. So my nihilism period never came from a believing crisis of God.
As you said there are literally hard or soft nihilist. I mean as I said previously it dependes a lot od circumstances. I remember one of friend of mine who was experiencing nihilism said to me he was scared because nihilism could kill philosophy so he decided not getting further information about it.
When I was nihilist I remember waking up with lack of ambition and saying to myself "just another day until the end comes" but exactly in this difficult situation I started a new period that I keep in nowadays.

One of the most important points inside masonry is keeping it secret as much as they can do it. This ks the main reason we have less documents that could prove their existence as institution before XVIth century as you propose.
Nevertheless I have some evidences that can prove their existence since the Ancient Times.

Example 1. Roman Empire. Also called roma collegia it is written in de Digesto. One of the most important Roman laws ever made. Look carefully the picture. You will see all masonry symbolism we speak previously.
[img]http://

Example 2. The so called masonry pyramid here you can see that literally it is represented all social institutions along history and civilisations. It is true is free interpretive. But I think it is quite clear how indirectly they represent how always been there administrating the States from the shadows.
[img]http://

Yes. I think after my personal experience I defend it depends a lot of circumstances. We are agree that nihilism and depression are completely different but in some cases depression somehow can drive you to nihilist ideas.
It will depend in the stimulus because I guess when you are having an active life (work, studies, friends, etc...) it is quite difficult to experience nihilism. I was the opposite. I remember wasting a lot of time of worth living in my nihilism era. When I change my mind and discovering other motivations, nihilism started being something from the "past"
It is literally a blurry spectrum as you said. Because do not know how "randomly" appears and you do not know how to avoid it. Also, in the way of living a nihilist life you can hurt others when they see you quite "absort" from reality.
Nevertheless, I still have the door open because I cannot confirm I will never live it again. I hope the next time as you explained, it would be more philosophical rather than depend on circumstances (sadness, depression, low motivation) that provoked the past experience.

We are agree in the point of the impact of masonry back in the past. Probably they have different names or meaning but it looks like they always been there. As much as I hare the comment of Ciceronianus about symbolism in Hermeticism, I going to put two different interesting views of important symbols that are too much related to masonry. Also, as Nada said, of course, masonry doesn't have to be a negative statement in the bases of society.

Example 1. United States Dollar. (1 $). If you check the emblem in the pyramid it says: nevus ordo seclorum This literally means "new order established". It is interesting to point out how a clearly meaning from masonry is in the most famous currency of the world... Right?
[img]http://


Example 2. XIXth century was one of the toughest for Spain and Spanish institutions. The lost of colonies, one republic and zero perspective on the horizon. Nevertheless, the State gave their best and did not disappeared or whatever even worse to Spain and its citizens. Well, if you check it out this picture reflects all the Spanish governments during an important period (1868 - 1874) when we had two kings and one Republic in just six years. All the politicians and militates you see are from freemasonry called in Spain as "Gran Oriente de España" formally established in 1899.
[img]http://

You are the first to speak of the way in which I have mentioned nihilism in my introduction. I am not sure if it is a red herring or not, because I do think that the experiences of nihilism is a position of despair, but it is not simply the experience of depression, or is it?

@Jack Cummins

No. It is not simply being depressed but it is an important fact of experience nihilism. It all occurred back in 2017 when my best friend and I (we both love philosophy, ethics, psychology, etc...) decided the experience about nihilism. Nevertheless back then I was already experiencing it because I did not like the life I was living.
Talking about it during months we entered in a difficult situation where we reached not feeling sad but at the same time not having a goal/purpose in life... So I and my friend did not know what to feel about it. We were even close tl end our friendship because nihilism says nothing has a "reason" to believe by.
The months keep passing and we started becoming more "adults" in our 20/21 years old so we learned something about nihilism: This feeling happens sometimes when you are depressed but also when you have stimulus around that give you the opportunity of thinking in other thing instead of being like a vegetable "standing" there with zero reason. I accepted myself (as my friend did) and then my life went better.

In this point, I do not know if nihilism will back again in my life. I hope not. It will depend in my behaviour and stimulus around me.

The European Union is an economic prison created by a State larger than the States that compose the European nations.

@Gus Lamarch

Agree with this point. Of course it is an economic prison just to make richer other countries, well better called as "elites". Since covid started the last years it has been patent how different the north/south of Europe actually is. Here is where you have a lot of "positive" prejudices to the north (they are workers, keep their money better, industries, etc...) while the south has the "negative" prejudices (lazy, poor, bad workers, insult, etc...) I remember the Dutch primer minister said about my country (Spain) we are citizens who waste the money in women and wine. It is completely a lie. Nevertheless, that is the economic trap. Sometimes I think norths European countries want the south to be poorer just to get more benefit and zero competition. This is why I do not understand how Greece and Spain are the countries which have mora labour hours despite they have the lowest income (?) interesting.