• Will A.I. have the capacity of introspection to "know" the meaning of folklore and stories?
    OK. I guess my point is that if we ultimately reduce 'semantic' to pointing symbols...that at some point AI may satisfy our intuition.path

    My point also. And @InPitzotl's, I thought.

    The Chinese Room (and the chips and dip?) just (or partly) cautioned against conflating the mere production of tokens with the actual pointing of them.

    The fact there is no 'actual' about it is what makes the social game of pointing so sophisticated. (imv.)

    IMV, Derrida was making the kind of point that I'm trying to make, dissolving some pure subject or consciousness into social linguistic conventions.path

    If that means trying to explain our sense of consciousness as a natural effect of our thinking and conversing in symbols, then hooray, cool.
  • Newcomb's Paradox - Why would anyone pick two boxes?
    But you can at least believe that more risk-averse people might prefer to (in effect) bank the grand.

    I doubt we'd call that a paradox though, without the "infallible" mis-direction. The OP has a point.
  • Newcomb's Paradox - Why would anyone pick two boxes?
    I think roughly half of us are indignant that the problem is clearly stated as,

    There is an infallible predictor,...

    ... but then,

    Nozick avoids this issue by positing that the predictor's predictions are "almost certainly" correct, thus sidestepping any issues of infallibility and causality.

    E.g. this,

    It isn't possible to win $0 or $1,001,000 and so those alleged outcomes ought not be considered.Michael

    is perfectly true but for the switch (to fallible).
  • Will A.I. have the capacity of introspection to "know" the meaning of folklore and stories?
    The A.I. produces “elaboration graphs" on a screen. For the MacBeth question, the program produced about 20 boxes containing information such as “Lady Mac­beth is Macbeth’s wife” and “Macbeth murders Duncan.” Below that were lines connecting to other boxes, connecting explicit and inferred elements of the story.Frank Pray

    I wish I could locate the youtube footage of Searle's wry account of early replies to his vivid demonstration (the chinese room) that so-called "cognitive scripts" mistook syntax for semantics. Something like, "so they said, ok we'll program the semantics into it too, but of course what they came back with was just more syntax".

    I think Searle was a bot.path

    (And still is, presumably.) A machine with a sense of / illusion of consciousness? Agreed. He himself would of course reject "illusion of", and even "sense of" except in the narrower sense of "accurate sense of". Not "machine": he embraces that.

    Why is he so sure that he is swimming in something semantic? An appeal to intuition? 'I promise you, I can see redness!'path

    Yes, he might be wrong trusting that kind of intuition... but... be right about swimming in something semantic: namely, the social game of pointing symbols at things. I think he would be right that Genesis and the chinese room fail at that.

    And what do those symbols refer to? Not the symbols themselves, but actual chips and dip. So somehow you need to get the symbols to relate to actual chips and dip.InPitzotl

    Yes, and that (the getting the symbols to relate) will be an elaborate social game of agreed pretence, as there will be no matter of fact about the relation. As you say, it will require vast experience of interaction with symbols and the things we learn to agree (to pretend) they are pointed at. Never heard this called "agency", but I get it. Searle calls it "intentionality" and thereby embraces unnecessary mentalisms. But he definitely exposed the problem for any AI that fakes a proper semantics.


    Great essay against the old, pre-connectionist, symbolic computer model of brain function, which I shall cite next time (and it won't be long) that I want to scorn the ancient myth of pictures in the head. Not an essay espousing the existence of ghosts (in machines), though.

    BTW,

    I challenged researchers there to account for intelligent human behaviour without reference to any aspect of the IP metaphor. They couldn’t do it, and when I politely raised the issue in subsequent email communications, they still had nothing to offer months later. They saw the problem. They didn’t dismiss the challenge as trivial. But they couldn’t offer an alternative. — Robert Epstein: The Empty Brain

    They should have looked here.
  • Does systemic racism exist in the US?
    I'm not sure that being sexually attracted to other races is proof of lack of racism.Hanover

    Agreed, put like that, it could be a kind of racism, or an aspect of it.

    But (to put the premise differently) the fact of our sexual attractions not being noticeably reduced by signs of genetic diversity at least calls into question the too-universally acknowledged 'truth' that racism is somehow innate.
  • Does systemic racism exist in the US?
    The racism of me subconsciously favoring my tribe is a universal problem facing us all,Hanover

    Then why is exotic erotic?
  • If God(s) existed.. and he played a scenario in his head....
    Modern philosophy (e.g. here) offers therapy for the ancient delusion that humans have pictures inside their heads.

    For gods it may be a different ball-game, of course.
  • An Analysis of "On Certainty"
    So the picture one might chooseunenlightened

    This one?
  • The Turing P-Zombie
    Well, I did try to keep my wordcount to a minimum.TheMadFool

    :ok:

    Perhaps that's where the fault lies.TheMadFool

    Never, ever.
  • The Turing P-Zombie
    I heard there is a growing online campaign to seek a posthumous apology from Turing for his Test.

    :snicker:
  • What is procrastination? Does the mind have inertia? Could it require momentum?
    :point: :ok:

    Also, wasn't it the other way round, to some extent? Weren't Newton & co. rather cheekily re-purposing psychological words like force ("courage, fortitude"), inertia ("unskillfulness, ignorance"), moment ("importance")? (Cherry-picked from Online Etymology Dictionary.)
  • What is Philosophy?
    A clear distinction cannot be vague. Clear and vague are antonyms.David Mo

    I think that's wrong, in an interesting way. Antonyms are a good example of how two (or more) concepts can be vague in having fuzzy borders, but yet also be clearly distinct and mutually exclusive, because their fuzzy borders are kept a sufficient distance apart.

    Thus, black and white may each have a vague border with grey, but in that way remain perfectly distinct from each other. More here.

    Pardon my interjection. I doubt that anyone here is claiming science and philosophy to be mutually exclusive in any particular respect. :chin:
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    What Whitehead would call perception in the mode of symbolic reference which comes after causal efficacy and immediate presentation.prothero

    Sounds cool. Will drink.

    And this is why using "consciousness" (self knowledge, self reference, self awareness) as a synonym for "experience" creates a problem.prothero

    My point exactly. Please read the context.

    Consciousness is a special kind of experience but without the lower orders of experience there would be no consciousness.prothero

    This is obvious, but is also what lulls people into the sleep from which this consideration,

    It [panpsychism] “explains” why my socks and bubblegum are conscious, even though no one thought they were, but it doesn’t explain why the human brain is conscious the way the human brain is conscious, which is what we actually want to know.Zelebg

    ... really ought to rudely awaken them.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    By 'an experience' do you mean 'a conscious experience'?

    I was going to add: ... or the kind of experience a sock can undergo?... but I gather that cuts no ice.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    Really? So get a newborn, poke it with a sharp stick, does it feel anything?bert1

    Feel consciously, I'm prepared to doubt. Not firmly. Just casting a preliminary vote.

    If it might elicit a vote from you (because you weren't a panpsychist) I might ask you whether a snail poked with a sharp stick (and hardly lacking in responses quite rightly earning our sympathy) feels consciously.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    At what point in the chain of being “existence” or “life” do you think this ability disappears working your way down. Do higher animals have experience? Ants? Bees? Flowers?prothero

    Excellent question.

    Somewhere below Primates, Cetaceans and possibly Elephants.Isaac

    My vote, FWIW... where human infants acquire competence in pointing symbols (including samples) at things, so that a red thing is perceived as an example of red things.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?


    Ok, well I did my best to get you to notice where I think your argument tricks you into thinking it is deflationary while it is anything but. Something which is hard to notice, and needs focus... which we've lost.

    Physicalism is not identical to eliminativism.
    — Pfhorrest

    No, but it is usually implied by it.
    bongo fury

    Which direction do you mean that implication to go?Pfhorrest

    :roll:
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    Eliminativism is the view that consciousness is not realbert1

    And usually reached on physicalist grounds. As I said, the one implies the other, so the comment about non-identity was rather pointless.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    Ok, so "first person perspective" wasn't some innocuous physical concept to do with frames of reference.
    — bongo fury

    I , as a panpsychist, think it is.
    Pfhorrest

    Your position is about studiously having it both ways, so that's hardly surprising.

    It’s only emergentism that makes it out to be anything metaphysically weird.Pfhorrest

    No, you admitted that an eliminativist (usually a physicalist) would rule it out.

    not invoking anything in addition to physical stuff, just a different perspective on that physical stuff.Pfhorrest

    Yes, an extra, 'meta' perspective.

    Physicalism is not identical to eliminativism.Pfhorrest

    No, but it is usually implied by it.

    That person is not providing any answer at all to the question of phenomenal consciousness.Pfhorrest

    For someone who has defined that question in metaphysical terms, perhaps not.

    We don’t know if they think there is no such thing,Pfhorrest

    Ditto.

    if it somehow emerges from nothingPfhorrest

    Remember, it doesn't have to be a substance: a physical goo or a metaphysical woo.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    And this perspective was already on the physicist's menu, or not?
    — bongo fury

    It depends on the physicist’s philosophical views.
    Pfhorrest

    Not really. I merely want to establish whether the panpsychist does need after all to take ownership of

    some mysterious metaphysical having of a first person perspectivePfhorrest

    as I alleged, and not pretend that they are tidying up after other people's metaphysical confusions.

    If he’s an eliminativistPfhorrest

    Good... if he's prepared to stick to the physicist's menu, yes? Go on...

    then no, he denies that there is such a thing.Pfhorrest

    Ok, so "first person perspective" wasn't some innocuous physical concept to do with frames of reference. I wanted to check.

    So ownership is needed.

    If he’s an emergentist then yes,Pfhorrest

    Possibly. But what about the "weaker" of this species, who is either functionalist or has some other (e.g. @Pantagruel's "systems" or my "symbolic competence") explanation for the emergence, which doesn't at all require that what emerges is anything but an aspect of material behaviour?

    These kinds of emergentist won't be taking ownership of,

    some mysterious metaphysical having of a first person perspectivePfhorrest

    Nor of,

    where that completely different metaphysical thing started happeningPfhorrest

    ... and the like.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    Panpsychism simply says that...Pfhorrest

    No, I think it has already also required,

    "some mysterious metaphysical having of a first person perspective"
    — Pfhorrest

    but doesn't seem keen to admit it.
    bongo fury

    It says that there is a first person perspective that is had,Pfhorrest

    And this perspective was already on the physicist's menu, or not?
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    Panpsychism simply says that [...]Pfhorrest

    No, I think it has already also required,

    some mysterious metaphysical having of a first person perspectivePfhorrest

    but doesn't seem keen to admit it.
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    It [panpsychism] “explains” why my socks and bubblegum are conscious, even though no one thought they were, but it doesn’t explain why the human brain is conscious the way the human brain is conscious, which is what we actually want to know.Zelebg
  • What problem does panpsychism aim to address?
    So what we think of a asPantagruel

    then you can begin to see how immaterial things can participate in what we call consciousnessPantagruel
  • Is Daniel Dennett a Zombie?
    I actually felt sorry for him! This sounds exactly like a machine figuring out that this whole consciousness thing was just something it was programmed to espouse.hypericin

    I must admit I did a slight double take the first time I read this:

    Sometimes a psychologist's most assiduous accounts of phenomena of mental imagery have the flavor of tracts by impassioned believers in flying saucers. — Goodman: Sights Unseen

    ... introducing an analysis that concludes, with apparent satisfaction:

    The 'image' and the 'picture in the mind' have vanished; mythical inventions have been beneficially excised. — Goodman: Sights Unseen

    Could this be a different Nelson Goodman from the Goodman of A Study of Qualities (a qualia construction), and Languages of Art, and this:

    After we spend an hour or so at one or another exhibition of abstract painting, everything tends to square off into geometric patches or swirl in circles or weave into textural arabesques, to sharpen into black and white or vibrate with new color consonances and dissonances." — Goodman: Ways of Worldmaking

    Or had the same author experienced some philosophical conversion or neurological accident, or both?

    Well, no. Understanding our conscious experiences simply doesn't have to mean allowing the most literal interpretation of our customary habits of talking of those experiences: validating, in particular, the ancient (perhaps universal) myth of mental images or "impressions". Understanding the experiences doesn't have to mean supplementing the naturalist's usual menu of physical ingredients with an even more generous menu. It doesn't need to deny the experiences; but neither does it need to accept received notions of their "content" uncritically.


    Here's an account by a man who, at 30 years old, realized that other people could visualize things without seeing them.

    https://www.facebook.com/notes/blake-ross/aphantasia-how-it-feels-to-be-blind-in-your-mind/10156834777480504/

    He never could, and was unaware that anybody else could. He thought that phrases like 'mind's eye,' were figures of speech.

    The medical term for this condition is called aphantasia.
    The Great Whatever

    Yeah, maybe... but as with alleged condition synaesthesia I suspect that the ready defining and near-pathologising merely reflect the dire state of our understanding of thought processes in all their normal variety.

    I'm torn. I want to identify as synaesthetic and to describe the visual Mondrians and Pollocks of my musical experiences to anyone prepared to listen; but I'm afraid that that kind of indulgence encourages assumptions about brain function that are far too narrow and too innatist and too modular-ist. Where fans of synaesthesia allege "cross-talk" between folds of cortex (so what?) I prefer this kind of talk:

    How our lookings at pictures and our listenings to music inform what we encounter later and elsewhere is integral to them as cognitive. Music can inform perception not only of other sounds but also of the rhythms and patterns of what we see. Such cross-transference of structural properties seems to me a basic and important aspect of learning, not merely a matter for novel experimentation by composers, dancers, and painters. — Goodman: Languages of Art

    (My emphasis.)

    My issue with "aphantasia" is roughly the converse of this. If the invention of "synaesthesia" betrays our poor grasp of the potential variety of human cognition, the even newer invention might just be a symptom of our over-readiness to indulge the myth of mental images uncritically.

    The author is admirably insightful about this objection, though, so we can be fairly sure there is more to his... well, condition. He pretty fairly considers (and rejects) what might have been my objection: that he wasn't ever deficient in a common faculty, merely less given to the prevailing but wrong folk-psychology of it. Even so, one wants to know more detail. Which it links to. So thanks for sharing. (I notice my thanks here are directed to a banned member. :gasp: Oh well.)

    I am not sure if Dennett's is an anti-representationalist stance.Graeme M

    I express the same uncertainty here: https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/390575 (where there are interesting links on the topic).
  • Response to The Argument article by jamalrob
    There is no mirroring going on.jamalrob

    And no photographing. No creation of internal representations from which further on or later on to extract information. Just learning to respond appropriately to stimuli.

    What complicates, and creates the big myth of internal words and pictures, is skills of specifically conscious responding, which entail the skill of (less consciously) choosing among external words and pictures to point at the stimuli, and the skill of self-stimulating to choose external words and pictures to represent past or non-present stimuli. (Source, kind of, here and here.)

    Calling even the most expert practice of such skills a 'photographic memory' would be misleading. Just because an embodied brain can remember perfectly well doesn't mean that it, like a camera or a pre-connectionist symbolic computer, creates or stores any internal symbols.

    Any meaningful controversy about directness or realism or informativeness of representation needs lifting out of the head: it can be about actual words and pictures, instead of mythical mental ones.
  • Some Remarks on Bedrock Beliefs
    find the concept so incredulous.Isaac

    @StreetlightX has been prepared to defend this kind of barbarism but doubtless he has no shame. :worry:
    And you, Sir?
  • Response to The Argument article by jamalrob
    Perhaps what the salient parts of the disagreement are depend on what camp you're in? A difference that looks different from both sides.fdrake

    Yes, good point, and a good example: was the article even committed to or advocating some positive doctrine called direct or naive realism? I gathered not.

    Can't we be questioning mental representations altogether?

    I was hoping so.
  • Response to The Argument article by jamalrob
    Talk of thoughts being "about" things, in a sense needing subsequent unpacking, can too easily become talk of the thoughts "representing" the things, in a sense more suited (category error?) to words and pictures. Thoughts-in-the-head become pictures-in-the-head. But such a progression is unnecessary. Thoughts are "about" things in that they are the brain so shivering its neurons as to adjust its readiness to act on those things. Conscious thoughts, in particular, adjust its readiness to select among symbols for pointing at those things. This kind of thought is thus (whether waking or dreaming) thought "in" symbols, and consequently prone to making us think (mistakenly, though often harmlessly) that the symbols are in our heads.
  • Where do you think consciousness is held?
    5 is a gateway drug leading to 4.

    (Emergent) "property" and "phenomenon"... too suggestive of a substance/goo/woo.

    (Emergent) "aspect"?
  • Response to The Argument article by jamalrob
    That's the question that's being asked. Is that thing that's missing for people with blindsight something that happens "in the head" of the rest of us or is it a property of the external world object?Michael

    So, what's missing for them has to be a picture in the head if it's anything in the head?
  • Response to The Argument article by jamalrob
    that thing that's missing in cases of blindsightMichael

    Just to be clear... a picture in the head?
  • Looking for suggestions on a particular approach to the Hard Problem
    What are dreams?Harry Hindu

    Dreams are off-line thoughts: thoughts unaffected by the normal requirement of their having to somehow answer to each other and to the organism's present environmental predicament. For example there is none of the usual (waking) differential adjustment of readiness for action relative to different drives or threats, based on continual observation of the changing visual and auditory scenes, which are now largely removed from view. So the off-line thoughts don't (whereas at least some of the on-line ones do) have to be "about" the ongoing scenery and the organism's path through it. On the other hand, nothing is to stop them from replicating (if only partially and incoherently) previous on-line thoughts of that kind. The question is whether this, if it is roughly what happens, implicates mental images, as we tend to assume it does.

    I suggest that it doesn't, if we get used to resisting the assumption, however entrenched, that thoughts (on or off-line) involve mental images anyway. But then, in other words, the phenomenon of dreams doesn't itself add a reason for accepting mental images, and is beside the point. It raises its own questions, well worth asking, such as: what are dreams (off-line thoughts) about? I would guess: roughly the same people and places that their more coherent on-line counterparts are about. The difference, crucial of course, is that off-line thoughts which are (through force of habit) about present scenery relative to the organism will answer less (than do their waking counterparts) to each other and not at all to the sensory evidence. But that doesn't leave the thoughts without a real scenery (and relative location) for them to be about; it merely describes it with a questionable degree of coherence, requiring perhaps a poetical style of interpretation.

    So, dreams don't implicate mental images by exposing a lack of subject matter for the dreams to be about: a gap that we might think mental images suitable to fill.

    Neither do they implicate mental images by needing to be themselves composed of such things. This is the misconception common to our talk about thoughts both online and off. Talk of thoughts being "about" things, in a sense needing subsequent unpacking, can too easily become talk of the thoughts "representing" the things, in a sense more suited to words and pictures. Thoughts-in-the-head become pictures-in-the-head. But such a progression is unnecessary. Thoughts are "about" things in that they are the brain so shivering its neurons as to adjust its readiness to act on those things. Conscious thoughts, in particular, adjust its readiness to select among symbols for pointing at those things. This kind of thought is thus (whether online or off) thought "in" symbols, and consequently prone to making us think (mistakenly, though often harmlessly) that the symbols are in our heads.
  • What determines who I am?

    It wer a col nite but we wer warm in that doss bag. Lissening to the dogs howling aftrwds and the wind wuthering and wearying and nattering in the oak leaves. Looking at the moon all col and wite and oansome. Lorna said to me, "You know Riddley theres some thing in us it dont have no name."

    I said, "What thing is that?"

    She said, "Its some kynd of thing it aint us but yet its in us. Its looking out thru our eye hoals. May be you dont take no noatis of it only some times. Say you get woak up suddn in the middl of the nite. 1 minim youre a sleap and the nex youre on your feet with a spear in your han. Wel it wernt you put that spear in your han it wer that other thing whats looking out thru your eye hoals. It aint you nor it dont even know your name. Its in us lorn and loan and sheltering how it can."

    I said, "If its in every 1 of us theres moren 1 of it theres got to be a manying theres got to be a millying and mor."

    Lorna said, "Wel there is a millying and mor."

    I said, "Wel if theres such a manying of it whys it lorn then whys it loan?"

    She said, "Becaws the manying and the millying its all 1 thing it dont have nothing to gether with. You look at lykens on a stoan its all them tiny manyings of it and may be each part of it myt think its sepert only we can see its all 1 thing. Thats how it is with what we are its all 1 girt big thing and divvyt up amongst the many. Its all 1 girt thing bigger nor the won and lorn and loan and oansome. Tremmering it is and feart. It puts us on like we put on our does. Some times we dont fit. Some times it cant fynd the arm hoals and it tears us a part. I dont think I took all that much noatis of it when I ben yung. Now Im old I noatis it mor. It dont realy like to put me on no mor. Every morning I can feal how its tiret of me and readying to throw me a way. Iwl tel you some thing Riddley and keap this in memberment. What ever it is we dont come naturel to it."

    I said, "Lorna I dont know what you mean."

    She said, "We aint a naturel part of it. We dint begin when it begun we dint begin where it begun. It ben here befor us nor I dont know what we are to it. May be weare jus only sickness and a feaver to it or boyls on the arse of it I dont know. Now lissen what Im going to tel you Riddley. It thinks us but it dont think like us. It dont think the way we think. Plus like I said befor its afeart."

    I said, "Whats it afeart of?"

    She said, "Its afeart of being beartht."

    I said, "How can that be? You said it ben here befor us. If it ben here all this time it musve ben beartht some time."

    She said, "No it aint ben beartht it never does get beartht its all ways in the woom of things its all ways on the road."

    I said, "All this what you jus ben telling be that a tel for me?"

    She larft then she said, "Riddley there aint nothing what aint a tel for you. The wind in the nite the dus on the road even the leases stoan you kick a long in front of you. Even the shadder of that leases stoan roaling on or stanning stil its all telling."

    Wel I cant say for cern no mor if I had any of them things in my mynd befor she tol me but ever since then it seams like they all ways ben there. Seams like I ben all ways thinking on that thing in us what thinks us but it dont think like us. Our woal life is a idear we dint think of nor we dont know what it is. What a way to live.

    Thats why I finely come to writing all this down. Thinking on what the idear of us myt be. Thinking on that thing whats in us lorn and loan and oansome.

    — Russell Hoban: Riddley Walker
  • Russel's Paradox
    Misstatement?frank

    The problem is stated as "The set of all sets that do not contain themselves as subsets members."EnPassant

    Hence @tim wood's and @SophistiCat's clarifications.
  • Russel's Paradox
    I think this is the correct answer from Snakes Alive:frank

    That was one of several (prior to @tim wood's) where expertise of the reader had caused unconscious correction (and hence ignoring) of the mis-statement of the problem.



    Ironically, one (Lesniewski's) response to the paradox was to try to base arithmetic on a transitive part-whole relation. One that wasn't, like subset, derived from a non-transitive one. Part of the motivation, if I understood and now recall correctly, was to separate out a distributive sense of "set" (by which to attribute properties to each member) from a collective one (for attributing to the whole collection as a thing). A bit like the possible difference between talking (distributively) about,

    All sets that do not...EnPassant

    and talking (collectively) about

    The entityEnPassant

    so defined.
  • Russel's Paradox
    The problem is stated as "The set of all sets that do not contain themselves as subsets members."EnPassant

    Subset is transitiveEnPassant

    Exactly. Membership isn't.
  • What determines who I am?
    I am not asking why a banana is a banana.bizso09

    No, and neither would you assume that we have multiple bananas to be correlated with some number of subjective first banana experiences.

    ... or, would you?